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Wagh SB, Maslivetc VA, La Clair JJ, Kornienko A. Lessons in Organic Fluorescent Probe Discovery. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3109-3139. [PMID: 34062039 PMCID: PMC8595615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have gained profound use in biotechnology, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, molecular and cell biology. The development of methods for the translation of fluorophores into fluorescent probes continues to be a robust field for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, alike. Access to new experimental designs has enabled molecular diversification and led to the identification of new approaches to probe discovery. This review provides a synopsis of the recent lessons in modern fluorescent probe discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Wagh
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - Vladimir A Maslivetc
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1062, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
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2
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Li H, Sun J, Xiao S, Zhang L, Zhou D. Triterpenoid-Mediated Inhibition of Virus-Host Interaction: Is Now the Time for Discovering Viral Entry/Release Inhibitors from Nature? J Med Chem 2020; 63:15371-15388. [PMID: 33201699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatal infectious diseases caused by HIV-1, influenza A virus, Ebola virus, and currently pandemic coronavirus highlight the great need for the discovery of antiviral agents in mechanisms different from current viral replication-targeted approaches. Given the critical role of virus-host interactions in the viral life cycle, the development of entry or shedding inhibitors may expand the current repertoire of antiviral agents; the combination of antireplication inhibitors and entry or shedding inhibitors would create a multifaceted drug cocktail with a tandem antiviral mechanism. Therefore, we provide critical information about triterpenoids as potential antiviral agents targeting entry and release, focusing specifically on the emerging aspect of triterpenoid-mediated inhibition of a variety of virus-host membrane fusion mechanisms via a trimer-of-hairpin motif. These properties of triterpenoids supply their host an evolutionary advantage for chemical defense and may protect against an increasingly diverse array of viruses infecting mammals, providing a direction for antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sulong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Nakayama A, Otani A, Inokuma T, Tsuji D, Mukaiyama H, Nakayama A, Itoh K, Otaka A, Tanino K, Namba K. Development of a 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene derivative as a compact and thiol-specific fluorescent labeling reagent. Commun Chem 2020; 3:6. [PMID: 36703318 PMCID: PMC9812263 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For the fluorescence imaging of biologically active small compounds, the development of compact fluorophores that do not perturb bioactivity is required. Here we report a compact derivative of fluorescent 1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes, 2-isobutenylcarbonyl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalene (TAP-VK1), as a fluorescent labeling reagent. The reaction of TAP-VK1 with various aliphatic thiols proceeds smoothly to afford the corresponding 1,4-adducts in high yields, and nucleophiles other than thiols do not react. After the addition of thiol groups in dichloromethane, the emission maximum of TAP-VK1 shifts to a shorter wavelength and the fluorescence intensity is substantially increased. The utility of TAP-VK1 as a compact fluorescent labeling reagent is clearly demonstrated by the labeling of Captopril, which is a small molecular drug for hypertension. The successful imaging of Captopril, one of the most compact drugs, in this study demonstrates the usefulness of compact fluorophores for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakayama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan ,grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Research Cluster on “Innovative Chemical Sensing”, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Akira Otani
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Inokuma
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan ,grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Research Cluster on “Innovative Chemical Sensing”, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Haruka Mukaiyama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Keiji Tanino
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kosuke Namba
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan ,grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Research Cluster on “Innovative Chemical Sensing”, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
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4
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Molina-Bolívar JA, Galisteo-González F, Ruiz CC, Medina-O'Donnell M, Martínez A, Parra A. Maslinic acid conjugate with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as probe to monitor the temperature dependent conformational changes of human serum albumin by FRET. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:161-169. [PMID: 30776717 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic investigation of maslinic acid labeled with fluorescent 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin is reported. It was found that the coumarin-maslinic derivative (MaCo) forms an excellent fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair with the tryptophan (Trp) residue of human serum albumin (HSA). This feature allowed for monitoring HSA conformational alterations by measuring the distance between donor (Trp) and acceptor (MaCo) through Förster energy transfer mechanism. Displacement experiments confirmed that MaCo binds to subdomain IIA of HSA with independence of temperature. It was observed that, in the temperature range 35-45 °C, the fluorescence emission maximum of HSA-MaCo complex decreased, whereas in the range 45 °C-65 °C, an increment was detected. The concomitant change in the polarity of environment surrounding Trp was confirmed by red edge excitation shift experiments. Thermal denaturation of HSA was followed by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Average lifetime of Trp residue decreased with temperature due to the increment of solvent collisions and changes in the solvent exposure of Trp. To discriminate the importance of each effect, lifetime of N-Acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) at different temperatures was measured. Circular dichroism (CD) studies confirmed the loss of secondary structure of HSA with increasing temperature and showed a different trend in the conformational transformation below and above 45 °C, in agreement with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Molina-Bolívar
- Department of Applied Physics II, Engineering School, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | - C Carnero Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics II, Engineering School, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Medina-O'Donnell
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Martínez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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5
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Wang S, Tian Y, Wang M, Wang M, Sun GB, Sun XB. Advanced Activity-Based Protein Profiling Application Strategies for Drug Development. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:353. [PMID: 29686618 PMCID: PMC5900428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug targets and modes of action remain two of the biggest challenges in drug development. To address these problems, chemical proteomic approaches have been introduced to profile targets in complex proteomes. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is one of a growing number chemical proteomic approaches that uses small-molecule chemical probes to understand the interaction mechanisms between compounds and targets. ABPP can be used to identify the protein targets of small molecules and even the active sites of target proteins. This review focuses on the overall workflow of the ABPP technology and on additional advanced strategies for target identification and/or drug discovery. Herein, we mainly describe the design strategies for small-molecule probes and discuss the ways in which these probes can be used to identify targets and even validate the interactions of small molecules with targets. In addition, we discuss some basic strategies that have been developed to date, such as click chemistry-ABPP, competitive strategies and, recently, more advanced strategies, including isoTOP-ABPP, fluoPol-ABPP, and qNIRF-ABPP. The isoTOP-ABPP strategy has been coupled with quantitative proteomics to identify the active sites of proteins and explore whole proteomes with specific amino acid profiling. FluoPol-ABPP combined with HTS can be used to discover new compounds for some substrate-free enzymes. The qNIRF-ABPP strategy has a number of applications for in vivo imaging. In this review, we will further discuss the applications of these advanced strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Life and Environmental Science Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Dasari R, La Clair JJ, Kornienko A. Irreversible Protein Labeling by Paal-Knorr Conjugation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1792-1796. [PMID: 28715110 PMCID: PMC5766258 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of new chemical reactions in a biological context has advanced bioconjugation methods for both fundamental research and commercial arenas. Recent adaptations of reactions such as Huisgen 1,3-dipolar or Diels-Alder cycloadditions have enabled the labeling of specific residues in biomolecules by the attachment of molecules carrying azides, alkynes, or strained alkenes. Although these are fundamental tools, there is a need for the discovery of reactions that can label native proteins. We report herein the adaptation of the Paal-Knorr reaction to label lysine residues in proteins via pyrrole linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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7
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Wright MH, Sieber SA. Chemical proteomics approaches for identifying the cellular targets of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 33:681-708. [PMID: 27098809 PMCID: PMC5063044 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on chemical probes to identify the protein binding partners of natural products in living systems.
Covering: 2010 up to 2016 Deconvoluting the mode of action of natural products and drugs remains one of the biggest challenges in chemistry and biology today. Chemical proteomics is a growing area of chemical biology that seeks to design small molecule probes to understand protein function. In the context of natural products, chemical proteomics can be used to identify the protein binding partners or targets of small molecules in live cells. Here, we highlight recent examples of chemical probes based on natural products and their application for target identification. The review focuses on probes that can be covalently linked to their target proteins (either via intrinsic chemical reactivity or via the introduction of photocrosslinkers), and can be applied “in situ” – in living systems rather than cell lysates. We also focus here on strategies that employ a click reaction, the copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), to allow minimal functionalisation of natural product scaffolds with an alkyne or azide tag. We also discuss ‘competitive mode’ approaches that screen for natural products that compete with a well-characterised chemical probe for binding to a particular set of protein targets. Fuelled by advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and bioinformatics, many modern strategies are now embracing quantitative proteomics to help define the true interacting partners of probes, and we highlight the opportunities this rapidly evolving technology provides in chemical proteomics. Finally, some of the limitations and challenges of chemical proteomics approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - S A Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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8
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Ma DL, Wu C, Dong ZZ, Tam WS, Wong SW, Yang C, Li G, Leung CH. The Development of G-Quadruplex-Based Assays for the Detection of Small Molecules and Toxic Substances. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1851-1860. [PMID: 28470784 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
G-Quadruplexes can be induced to form guanine-rich DNA sequences by certain small molecules or metal ions. In concert with an appropriate signal transducer, such as a fluorescent dye or a phosphorescent metal complex, the ligand-recognition event can be transduced into a luminescent response. This focus review aims to highlight recent examples of aptamer-based and metal-mediated G-quadruplex assays for the detection of small molecules and toxic substances in the last three years. We discuss the mechanisms and features of the different assays and present an outlook and a perspective for the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University
| | - Zhen-Zhen Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University
| | - Wing-Sze Tam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University
| | - Sze-Wan Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
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9
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Harder B, Tian W, La Clair JJ, Tan AC, Ooi A, Chapman E, Zhang DD. Brusatol overcomes chemoresistance through inhibition of protein translation. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1493-1500. [PMID: 28019675 PMCID: PMC5404829 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The NRF2 pathway activates a cell survival response when cells are exposed to xenobiotics or are under oxidative stress. Therapeutic activation of NRF2 can also be used prior to insult as a means of disease prevention. However, prolonged expression of NRF2 has been shown to protect cancer cells by inducing the metabolism and efflux of chemotherapeutics, leading to both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance to cancer drugs. This effect has been termed the "dark side" of NRF2. In an effort to combat this chemoresistance, our group discovered the first NRF2 inhibitor, the natural product brusatol, however the mechanism of inhibition was previously unknown. In this report, we show that brusatol's mode of action is not through direct inhibition of the NRF2 pathway, but through the inhibition of both cap-dependent and cap-independent protein translation, which has an impact on many short-lived proteins, including NRF2. Therefore, there is still a need to develop a new generation of specific NRF2 inhibitors with limited toxicity and off-target effects that could be used as adjuvant therapies to sensitize cancers with high expression of NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Harder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - James J. La Clair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology. School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA,University of Arizona Cancer Center (UACC), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85271, USA,Correspondence: Dr. Donna D. Zhang,
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10
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Ambrose AJ, Santos EA, Jimenez PC, Rocha DD, Wilke DV, Beuzer P, Axelrod J, Kumar Kanduluru A, Fuchs PL, Cang H, Costa-Lotufo LV, Chapman E, La Clair JJ. Ritterostatin G N 1 N , a Cephalostatin-Ritterazine Bis-steroidal Pyrazine Hybrid, Selectively Targets GRP78. Chembiochem 2017; 18:506-510. [PMID: 28074539 PMCID: PMC5562448 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural products discovered by using agnostic approaches, unlike rationally designed leads or those obtained through high-throughput screening, offer the ability to reveal new biological pathways and, hence, serve as an important vehicle to unveil new avenues in drug discovery. The ritterazine-cephalostatin family of natural products displays robust and potent antitumor activities, with sub-nanomolar growth inhibition against multiple cell lines and potent activity in xenograft models. Herein, we used comparative cellular and molecular biological methods to uncover the ritterazine-cephalostatin cytotoxic mode of action (MOA) in human tumor cells. Our findings indicated that, whereas ritterostatin GN 1N , a cephalostatin-ritterazine hybrid, binds to multiple HSP70s, its cellular trafficking confines activity to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based HSP70 isoform, GRP78. This targeting results in activation of the unfolding protein response (UPR) and subsequent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P. O. Box 210207, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Evelyne A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Paula C Jimenez
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11.070-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo D Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Diego V Wilke
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Paolo Beuzer
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Josh Axelrod
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Present address: On Target Laboratories, 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Philip L Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hu Cang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P. O. Box 210207, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1052, USA
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11
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Nakayama A, Nishio S, Otani A, Mera A, Osawa A, Tanino K, Namba K. Substituent Effect at the C4-Position of 1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:830-7. [PMID: 27373639 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various 2,4-disubstituted-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes possessing methyl and phenyl groups at the C4-position were synthesized. Fluorescence observation of the synthetic 4-methyl- and 4-phenyl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes revealed that the introduction of a substituent at the C4-position allowed a long-wavelength shift of the fluorescence maximum. Furthermore, the phenyl group at the C4-position was found to induce a substantial increase in the extinction coefficient value.
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12
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Liu ZY, Zhang HY, Bi Y, Liu XX, Lu J, Zhang XC, Xu JY, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Design and synthesis of 28-hydroxy protopanaxadiol as a novel probe template. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:1523-1528. [PMID: 28107791 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1280488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore the antitumour mechanism of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) while maintaining its uncovered pharmacological active site 3-hydroxyl, 28-hydroxy protopanaxadiol (17), a small molecular probe template of PPD was first designed and synthesised based on the Baldwin's reaction. Thus, 28-hydroxyl of 17 was built successfully as a derivatized site of molecular probe's functional and report groups. The important intermediates and final product were confirmed by ESI-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra with good yield. These studies provided a valuable basis for probe research of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yun Liu
- a School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong , Yantai University , Yantai , China
| | - Heng-Yuan Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yi Bi
- a School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong , Yantai University , Yantai , China
| | - Xian-Xuan Liu
- a School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong , Yantai University , Yantai , China
| | - Jing Lu
- a School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong , Yantai University , Yantai , China
| | - Xiao-Chen Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong , Yantai University , Yantai , China
| | - Jin-Yi Xu
- b State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- c Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,d Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- c Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,d Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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13
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Beuzer P, Axelrod J, Trzoss L, Fenical W, Dasari R, Evidente A, Kornienko A, Cang H, La Clair JJ. Single dish gradient screening of small molecule localization. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8241-5. [PMID: 27530345 PMCID: PMC5284121 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding trafficking in cells and tissues is one of the most critical steps in exploring the mechanisms and modes of action (MOAs) of a small molecule. Typically, deciphering the role of concentration presents one of the most difficult challenges associated with this task. Herein, we present a practical solution to this problem by developing concentration gradients within single dishes of cells. We demonstrate the method by evaluating fluorescently-labelled probes developed from two classes of natural products that have been identified as potential anti-cancer leads by STORM super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Beuzer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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14
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McCulloch IP, La Clair JJ, Jaremko MJ, Burkart MD. Fluorescent Mechanism-Based Probe for Aerobic Flavin-Dependent Enzyme Activity. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1598-601. [PMID: 27271974 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diversity in non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide secondary metabolism is facilitated by interactions between biosynthetic domains with discrete monomer loading and their cognate tailoring enzymes, such as oxidation or halogenation enzymes. The cooperation between peptidyl carrier proteins and flavin-dependent enzymes offers a specialized strategy for monomer selectivity for oxidization of small molecules from within a complex cellular milieu. In an effort to study this process, we have developed fluorescent probes to selectively label aerobic flavin-dependent enzymes. Here we report the preparation and implementation of these tools to label oxidase, monooxygenase, and halogenase flavin-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Matt J Jaremko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.
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15
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Beuzer P, La Clair JJ, Cang H. Color-Coded Super-Resolution Small-Molecule Imaging. Chembiochem 2016; 17:999-1003. [PMID: 26994590 PMCID: PMC5291120 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the development of super-resolution microscopy dates back to 1994, its applications have been primarily focused on visualizing cellular structures and targets, including proteins, DNA and sugars. We now report on a system that allows both monitoring of the localization of exogenous small molecules in live cells at low resolution and subsequent super-resolution imaging by using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) on fixed cells. This represents a powerful new tool to understand the dynamics of subcellular trafficking associated with the mode and mechanism of action of exogenous small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Beuzer
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1052, USA.
| | - Hu Cang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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16
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Álvarez-Micó X, Rocha DD, Guimarães LA, Ambrose A, Chapman E, Costa-Lotufo LV, La Clair JJ, Fenical W. The Hybrid Pyrroloisoindolone-Dehydropyrrolizine Alkaloid (-)-Chlorizidine A Targets Proteins within the Glycolytic Pathway. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2002-6. [PMID: 26267855 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activity of (-)-chlorizidine A, a marine alkaloid containing a unique fusion between a pyrroloisoindolone and dehydropyrrolizine, was explored by using a combination of cellular and molecular methods. Our studies began by applying preliminary SAR evidence gathered from semisynthetic bioactivity evaluations to prepare an active immunoaffinity fluorescent (IAF) probe. This probe was then used to identify two cytosolic proteins, GAPDH and hENO1, as the targets of (-)-chlorizidine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Álvarez-Micó
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA
| | - Danilo D Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil
| | - Andrew Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60.430-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA.
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17
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Rocha DD, Espejo VR, Rainier JD, La Clair JJ, Costa-Lotufo LV. Fluorescent kapakahines serve as non-toxic probes for live cell Golgi imaging. Life Sci 2015; 136:163-7. [PMID: 26141988 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is an ongoing need for fluorescent probes that specifically-target select organelles within mammalian cells. This study describes the development of probes for the selective labeling of the Golgi apparatus and offers applications for live cell and fixed cell imaging. MAIN METHODS The kapakahines, characterized by a common C(3)-N(1') dimeric tryptophan linkage, comprise a unique family of bioactive marine depsipeptide natural products. We describe the uptake and subcellular localization of fluorescently-labeled analogs of kapakahine E. Using confocal microscopy, we identify a rapid and selective localization within the Golgi apparatus. Comparison with commercial Golgi stains indicates a unique localization pattern, which differs from currently available materials, therein offering a new tool to monitor the Golgi in live cells without toxic side effects. KEY FINDINGS This study identifies a fluorescent analog of kapakahine E that is rapidly uptaken in cells and localizes within the Golgi apparatus. SIGNIFICANCE The advance of microscopic methods is reliant on the parallel discovery of next generation molecular probes. This study describes the advance of stable and viable probe for staining the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo D Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vinson R Espejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jon D Rainier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P.O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, USA.
| | - Letícia V Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Seriniquinone, a selective anticancer agent, induces cell death by autophagocytosis, targeting the cancer-protective protein dermcidin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14687-92. [PMID: 25271322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410932111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products continue to provide vital treatment options for cancer. Although their translation into chemotherapeutics is complex, collaborative programs continue to deliver productive pipelines for cancer chemotherapy. A new natural product, seriniquinone, isolated from a marine bacterium of the genus Serinicoccus, demonstrated potent activity over a select set of tumor cell lines with particular selectivity toward melanoma cell lines. Upon entering the cell, its journey began by localization into the endoplasmic reticulum. Within 3 h, cells treated with seriniquinone underwent cell death marked by activation of autophagocytosis and gradually terminated through a caspase-9 apoptotic pathway. Using an immunoaffinity approach followed by multipoint validation, we identified the target of seriniquinone as the small protein, dermcidin. Combined, these findings revealed a small molecule motif in parallel with its therapeutic target, whose potential in cancer therapy may be significant. This discovery defines a new pharmacophore that displayed selective activity toward a distinct set of cell lines, predominantly melanoma, within the NCI 60 panel. This selectivity, along with the ease in medicinal chemical modification, provides a key opportunity to design and evaluate new treatments for those cancers that rely on dermcidin activity. Further, the use of dermcidin as a patient preselection biomarker may accelerate the development of more effective personalized treatments.
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19
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Farnaes L, La Clair JJ, Fenical W. Napyradiomycins CNQ525.510B and A80915C target the Hsp90 paralogue Grp94. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:418-23. [PMID: 24292715 PMCID: PMC3893886 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular localization and target of the napyradiomycin congeners CNQ525.510B and A80815C were explored using an immunoaffinity fluorescence (IAF) approach. Semi-synthetic methods were used to prepare probes from napyradiomycin CNQ525.510B and derivative A80815C. The results of confocal microscopy indicated that probes from both natural products localized predominantly within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells. Parallel immunoaffinity precipitation efforts using a monoclonal antibody designed against the IAF tag, resulted in the isolation of an Hsp90 family member. This protein was identified as human Grp94 (hGrp94), by its specific mass spectral signature. This observation was validated by Western blot analyses and by the result of an in vitro Grp94 binding assay. The fact that the napyradiomycins CNQ525.510B and A80815C bind to hGrp94, and their associated probes localize within the ER, suggest the use of these materials as molecular probes for monitoring ER-based chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Farnaes
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - James J. La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093- 0378, USA
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
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20
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Yu F, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Xiao S, Wang H, Huang X, Zhu L, Chen K, Zhao C, Zhang C, Yu M, Sun D, Zhang L, Zhou D. Development of oleanane-type triterpenes as a new class of HCV entry inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4300-19. [PMID: 23662817 DOI: 10.1021/jm301910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry inhibitors represents an emerging approach that satisfies a tandem mechanism for use with other inhibitors in a multifaceted cocktail. By screening Chinese herbal extracts, oleanolic acid (OA) was found to display weak potency to inhibit HCV entry with an IC50 of 10 μM. Chemical exploration of this triterpene compound revealed its pharmacophore requirement for blocking HCV entry, rings A, B, and E, are conserved while ring D is tolerant of some modifications. Hydroxylation at C-16 significantly enhanced its potency for inhibiting HCV entry with IC50 at 1.4 μM. Further modification by conjugation of this new lead with a disaccharide at 28-COOH removed the undesired hemolytic effect and, more importantly, increased its potency by ~5-fold (54a, IC50 0.3 μM). Formation of a triterpene dimer via a linker bearing triazole (70) dramatically increased its potency with IC50 at ~10 nM. Mechanistically, such functional triterpenes interrupt the interaction between HCV envelope protein E2 and its receptor CD81 via binding to E2, thus blocking virus and host cell recognition. This study establishes the importance of triterpene natural products as new leads for the development of potential HCV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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21
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Yu W, Jones BD, Kang M, Hammons JC, La Clair JJ, Burkart MD. Spirohexenolide A targets human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (hMIF). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:817-23. [PMID: 23659282 PMCID: PMC3706094 DOI: 10.1021/np3004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Spirohexenolides A and B comprise a unique family of spirotetronate natural products. We report on the identification of their binding to and modulation of human macrophage migration inhibitor factor (hMIF). Using an immunoaffinity-fluorescent labeling method, the properties of this interaction are detailed and evidence is provided that hMIF plays a key role in the cytostatic activity of the spirohexenolides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael D. Burkart
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093–0358, USA. Phone: (858) 534–5673,
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22
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Despras G, Bernard C, Perrot A, Cattiaux L, Prochiantz A, Lortat-Jacob H, Mallet JM. Toward libraries of biotinylated chondroitin sulfate analogues: from synthesis to in vivo studies. Chemistry 2012; 19:531-40. [PMID: 23154924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) oligosaccharidic analogues (di to hexa) were prepared from lactose. In these compounds, the 2-acetamido group was replaced by a hydroxyl group. This modification speeded up the synthesis, and large oligosaccharides were constructed in a few steps from a lactose-originated block. The protecting groups used were as follows; Fmoc for hydroxyl groups to be glycosylated, allyl group for anomeric position protection, and trichoroacetimidate leaving groups were used to prepare up to octasaccharides. We took advantage of the presence of allyl group to develop a click biotinylation, through its transformation into a 3-azido-2-hydroxyl propyl group in two steps (epoxidation and sodium azide epoxide opening). The biotinylating agent was a water-soluble propargylated and biotinylated triethylene glycol (PEG). By using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), it was shown that the di-, tetra-, and hexasaccharides display a binding affinity and selectivity toward HSF/GSF and CXCL12 similar to that of CS-E. A parallel study confirmed their mimicry of natural compounds, based on the hexasaccharide interaction with Otx2, a homeodomain protein involved in brain maturation, thus validating our simplification approach to synthesize bioactive GAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Despras
- UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Claesener M, Breyholz HJ, Hermann S, Faust A, Wagner S, Schober O, Schäfers M, Kopka K. Efficient synthesis of a fluorine-18 labeled biotin derivative. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1189-94. [PMID: 22998841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The natural occurring vitamin biotin, also known as vitamin H or vitamin B(7), plays a major role in various metabolic reactions. Caused by its high binding affinity to the protein avidin with a dissociation constant of about 10(-15)M the biotin-avidin system was extensively examined for multiple applications. We have synthesized a fluorine-18 labeled biotin derivative [(18)F]4 for a potential application in positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Mesylate precursor 3 was obtained by an efficient two-step reaction via a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) from easily accessible starting materials. [(18)F]4 was successfully synthesized by a nucleophilic radiofluorination of precursor 3. A biodistribution study by means of small-animal PET imaging in wt-mice was performed and serum stability was examined. RESULTS Compound [(18)F]4 was obtained from precursor compound 3 with an average specific activity of 16GBq/μmol within 45min and a radiochemical yield of 45±5% (decay corrected). [(18)F]4 demonstrated only negligible decomposition in human serum. A qualitative binding study revealed the high affinity of the synthesized biotin derivative to avidin. Blocking experiments with native biotin showed that binding was site-specific. Biodistribution studies showed that [(18)F]4 was cleared quickly and efficiently from the body by hepatobiliary and renal elimination. CONCLUSION An efficient synthesis for [(18)F]4 was established. In vivo characteristics were determined and demonstrated the pharmacokinetic behaviour of [(18)F]4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Claesener
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Ishikawa F, Haushalter RW, Burkart MD. Dehydratase-specific probes for fatty acid and polyketide synthases. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:769-72. [PMID: 22188524 DOI: 10.1021/ja2082334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We targeted the development of a dehydratase (DH)-specific reactive probe that can facilitate detection, enrichment, and identification of DH enzymes in fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). The first reported mechanism-based inactivator, 3-decynoyl-N-acetylcysteamine (3-decynoyl-NAC), while active against the Escherichia coli β-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester DH FabA, translates poorly to an activity-based probe because of nonspecific reactivity of the thioester moiety. Here we describe the design, synthesis, and utility of a DH-specific probe that contains a sulfonyl 3-alkyne reactive warhead engineered to avoid hydrolysis or nonenzymatic inactivation. When coupled with a fluorescent tag, this probe targets DH enzymes from recombinant type I and type II FAS and PKS enzyme systems and in whole proteomes. Activity studies, including FabA inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility, suggest that this sulfonyl 3-alkyne scaffold selectively targets a common DH mechanism. These studies indicate that the DH-specific mechanism-based probe can greatly accelerate both the functional characterization and molecular identification of virtually any type of FAS and PKS in complex proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA
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25
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Kumar KA, La Clair JJ, Fuchs PL. Synthesis and evaluation of a fluorescent ritterazine-cephalostatin hybrid. Org Lett 2011; 13:5334-7. [PMID: 21913733 PMCID: PMC3264888 DOI: 10.1021/ol202139z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cephalostatin and ritterazine natural products comprise a potent family of bis-steroidal pyrazines that display potent single-digit nanomolar inhibition of tumor cell growth. An active fluorescent ritterazine-cephalostatin hybrid probe was developed using detailed SAR data derived through total synthetic efforts. A combination of time course and confocal imaging studies indicate that this natural product family is rapidly taken up in tumor cells and localizes subcellularly within ER and surrounding the nuclear-ER interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J. La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, USA
| | - Philip L. Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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