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Sharma B, Dhiman C, Hasan GM, Shamsi A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological Features and Therapeutic Implications of Plumbagin in Cancer and Metabolic Disorders: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3033. [PMID: 39275349 PMCID: PMC11397539 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB) is a naphthoquinone extracted from Plumbago indica. In recent times, there has been a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential importance of naphthoquinones, both natural and artificial, in the pharmacological world. Numerous studies have indicated that PLB plays a vital role in combating cancers and other disorders. There is substantial evidence indicating that PLB may have a significant role in the treatment of breast cancer, brain tumours, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other conditions. Moreover, its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties offer promising avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A number of studies have identified various pathways that may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of PLB. These include cell cycle regulation, apoptotic pathways, ROS induction pathways, inflammatory pathways, and signal transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, STAT3/PLK1/AKT, and others. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the diverse pharmacological roles of PLB, examining the mechanisms through which it operates and exploring its potential applications in various medical conditions. In addition, we have conducted a review of the various formulations that have been reported in the literature with the objective of enhancing the efficacy of the compound. However, the majority of the reviewed data are based on in vitro and in vivo studies. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the safety and efficacy of PLB in humans and to ascertain its potential integration into therapeutic regimens for cancer and chronic diseases, rigorous clinical trials are essential. Finally, by synthesizing current research and identifying gaps in knowledge, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of PLB and its therapeutic prospects, paving the way for future studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Chitra Dhiman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Imtiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Solanki R, Jodha B, Prabina KE, Aggarwal N, Patel S. Recent advances in phytochemical based nano-drug delivery systems to combat breast cancer: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roy A. Plumbagin: A Potential Anti-cancer Compound. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:731-737. [PMID: 33200707 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201116144421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease, which has significantly increased in both developed and developing nations. Treatment of cancer utilizing radiotherapy or chemotherapy actuates a few issues which incorporate spewing, sickness, unpalatable reactions, and so forth. In this specific situation, an alternative drug source, which can effectively treat cancer is of prime importance. Products that are obtained from plant sources are utilized for the treatment of various diseases due to their non-harmful nature. Medicinal plants contain different bioactive compounds, which possess an important role in the prevention of different diseases such as cancer. Plumbagin is a bioactive compound, which is mainly present in Plumbaginaceae family and has been explored for its anticancer activity. Plumbagin basically inactivates the Akt/NF-kB, MMP-9 and VEGF pathways that are essential for cancer cell development. Therefore, it is important to review the role of plumbagin in different cancer cells in order to find an alternative drug to overcome this disease. The present review provides a summary of anticancer activity of plumbagin in various cancers and its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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Singh N, Kushwaha P, Gupta A, Prakash O. Recent Advances of Novel Therapeutic Agents from Botanicals for Prevention and Therapy of Breast Cancer: An Updated Review. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394715666181129101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the foremost common malignancies and the second leading
cause for cancer-related deaths in females. Varied treatment approaches are projected to cause a
subject matter reduction in the fatality rate. Carcinoma treatment is highly challenging due to
therapeutic resistance and reoccurrence. Several studies have revealed that bioactive compounds
isolated from natural products such as plants, vegetables, and marine origins have a therapeutic
and preventive role in breast carcinoma. Utilization of these bioactive agents in amelioration of
cancer as complementary and alternative therapy increases day by day due to growing scientific
shreds of evidence of the biomedical innovation and clinical trials. Due to the safe nature of these
photochemical investigators are focusing on the investigation of lead compounds from traditional
herbal medicine to discover new lead anticancer agents in the single pure compound. This review
highlights the mechanism of action and future prospects of novel medicinal agents from botanical
sources that have chemoprevention activity against breast carcinoma together with other types of
body cancer. The major bioactive, which are used as a remedy for the prevention and treatment of
breast cancer, is summarized and explored here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Poonam Kushwaha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Amresh Gupta
- Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences, Near Indira Canal, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
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Pradubyat N, Sakunrangsit N, Mutirangura A, Ketchart W. NADPH: Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mediated anti-cancer effects of plumbagin in endocrine resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153133. [PMID: 31790893 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PLB is a natural naphthoquinone compound isolated from the roots of Plumbago indica plant. Our previous study reported the inhibitory effect of Plumbagin (PLB) on human endocrine resistant breast cancer cell growth and cell invasion. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Since PLB is a naphthoquinone compound, it can be reduced by the cytosolic NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme. NQO1 expression is upregulated in various types of aggressive cancer including breast cancer. This study investigated the impact of NQO1 on anti-cancer effects of PLB in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. STUDY DESIGN This study was an in vitro study using ER-positive cell line (MCF7) and endocrine-resistant cell lines (MCF7/LCC2 and MCF7/LCC9 cells). METHODS The roles of NQO1 in anti-cancer activity of PLB were investigated by using NQO1 knockdown cells, NQO1 inhibitor and NQO1 overexpressed cells. To study the impact of NQO1 on the effects of PLB on cell viability, apoptosis, invasion and generation of ROS, the following assays were used: MTT assays, annexin V-PE/7-ADD staining flow cytometry, matrigel invasion assays and DCFHDA assays. To study the mechanism of how NQO1 mediated PLB effects in tamoxifen response and apoptosis, we assessed the levels of mRNA expression by using qRT-PCR. RESULTS 1. In this study, NQO1 was upregulated in endocrine-resistant cells. 2. PLB did not change the expression of NQO1 but it was able to increase NQO1 activity. 3. The inhibitory effects of PLB on cell proliferation, cell invasion and expression of tamoxifen resistant gene were attenuated in NQO1 knockdown cells or in the presence of NQO1 inhibitor. 4. The effects of PLB to induce apoptosis and generate ROS were also decreased when NQO1 activity was inhibited or when the NQO1 expression was reduced. 5. The anti-cancer effects of PLB increased when NQO1 was upregulated. CONCLUSION The effects of PLB in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells is dependent on NQO1's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Pradubyat
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming cancer drug resistance research unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Sakunrangsit N, Ketchart W. Plumbagin inhibited AKT signaling pathway in HER-2 overexpressed-endocrine resistant breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 868:172878. [PMID: 31863768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The important mechanism of endocrine resistance is the crosstalk between estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 signaling pathways. Aside from ER downregulation, there was an increase in HER2 expression and increased activation of the downstream AKT/ERK pathways in endocrine-resistant cells (MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9) which is similar to HER2-overexpressed (SKBR3) cells. However, nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3), the important ER-coactivator, that upregulated in endocrine-resistant cells did not express in HER2-overexpressed (SKBR3) cells. NCOA3 was able to activate AKT/ERK signalling pathway. Our previous study reported that plumbagin (PLB), a naphthoquinone compound, had a potent cytotoxic activity against endocrine-resistant cells. This study aimed to further investigate the mechanism of anti-cancer effects of PLB on ER and HER-2 signaling. PLB can inhibit estradiol (E2)-induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 wild-type cells but had no effect in the resistant cells. It also inhibited HER2 expression in both endocrine-resistant and HER-2 overexpressed cells. Therefore, the mechanism of PLB may be regulated through HER-2 signaling. PLB inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT) and pERK1/2 and induced apoptosis and reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and pro-caspase 3 and Cleaved Caspase 3 protein in both endocrine-resistant and HER-2 overexpressed cells. However, the inhibitory effect of PLB was more obvious when pre-treated the cells with AKT inhibitor only in HER-2 overexpressed cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of PLB on pAKT was attenuated when NCOA3 was downregulated. Our finding suggested that the inhibitory effect of PLB on AKT signaling pathways regulated through NCOA3 in HER2-overexpressed endocrine-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Kawiak A, Domachowska A, Krolicka A, Smolarska M, Lojkowska E. 3-Chloroplumbagin Induces Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells Through MAPK-Mediated Mcl-1 Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:784. [PMID: 31404252 PMCID: PMC6675870 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance acquired toward anti-cancer agents is a significant drawback in breast cancer therapy. A key factor contributing to drug resistance is apoptosis suppression associated with the upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Specifically, the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein has been shown to play a significant role in drug resistance, making it an important therapeutic target. The present study aimed at determining the antiproliferative activity of 3-chloroplumbagin (ChPL), a naphthoquinone derived from a Dionaea sp., toward breast cancer cells and examining the involvement of Mcl-1 inhibition in ChPL-induced cell death. The results showed that ChPL inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway through down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. The induction of apoptosis by ChPL was found to be mediated through MAP kinase signaling inhibition. ChPL inhibited the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK proteins in breast cancer cells, and increased apoptosis induction in cells with reduced ERK expression. Furthermore, ERK silencing decreased the expression of Mcl-1 in ChPL-treated cells. The results of this research indicate that ChPL induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through MAPK-mediated Mcl-1 inhibition, suggesting further research into its potential in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Domachowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krolicka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Smolarska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Crystal structures and biological activity of homologated (N)-n-alkylammonium salts of 2-bromo-3-oxido-1,4-naphthoquinone. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kawiak A, Domachowska A, Lojkowska E. Plumbagin Increases Paclitaxel-Induced Cell Death and Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells through ERK-Mediated Apoptosis Induction. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:878-885. [PMID: 30810041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ERK is a component of mitogen-activated protein kinases that controls a range of cellular processes including cell proliferation and survival. The upregulation of ERK has been associated with apoptosis inhibition in response to various stimuli including chemotherapeutic agents. Research has suggested that the upregulation of ERK signaling by the anticancer agent paclitaxel leads to acquired resistance of cells to this compound. The presented research focused on determining the role of plumbagin, a naturally derived naphthoquinone, in the sensitization of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced cell death and the involvement of ERK signaling in this process. The results of the study indicated that plumbagin increases the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, a synergistic effect between plumbagin and paclitaxel was observed. Plumbagin was shown to decrease levels of phosphorylated ERK in breast cancer cells and abrogated paclitaxel-induced ERK phosphorylation. The role of ERK in plumbagin-mediated sensitization of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel was shown through the enhancement of the synergistic effect between compounds in cells with decreased ERK expression. Furthermore, plumbagin reduced p-ERK levels in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells and resensitized paclitaxel-resistant cells to this compound. These results imply that plumbagin inhibits ERK activation in breast cancer cells, which plays a role in the sensitization of cells to paclitaxel-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk , Abrahama 58 , 80-307 , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Anna Domachowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk , Abrahama 58 , 80-307 , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk , Abrahama 58 , 80-307 , Gdansk , Poland
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Tripathi SK, Panda M, Biswal BK. Emerging role of plumbagin: Cytotoxic potential and pharmaceutical relevance towards cancer therapy. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:566-582. [PMID: 30685472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone derived yellow crystalline phytochemical. Plumbagin has a wide range of biological effects including cytotoxicity against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the pleiotropic nature of plumbagin, it shows the anticancer effect by targeting several molecular mechanisms including apoptosis and autophagic pathways, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenic pathways, anti-invasion and anti-metastasis pathways. Among many signaling pathways the key regulatory genes regulated by plumbagin are NF-kβ, STAT3, and AKT, etc. Plumbagin is also a potent inducer of ROS, suppressor of cellular glutathione, and causes DNA strand break by oxidative DNA base damages. In vivo studies suggested that plumbagin significantly reduces the tumor weight and volume in dose-dependent manner without any side effects in tested model organisms. Another exciting aspect of plumbagin is the ability to re-sensitize the chemo and radioresistant cancer cells when used in combination or alone. Nano encapsulation of plumbagin overcomes the poor water solubility and bioavailability obstacles, enhancing the pharmaceutical relevance with better therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, plumbagin can be introduced as a future phytotherapeutic anticancer drug after fully satisfied preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India.
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Batra SK, Shonka NA. Natural products: a hope for glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22194-22219. [PMID: 29774132 PMCID: PMC5955138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an overall dismal survival averaging one year despite multimodality therapeutic interventions including surgery, radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Few drugs are FDA approved for GBM, and the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to standard therapy increases the median survival by only 2.5 months. Targeted therapy appeared promising in in vitro monolayer cultures, but disappointed in preclinical and clinical trials, partly due to the poor penetration of drugs through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have intrinsic resistance to initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and acquire further resistance via deregulation of many signaling pathways. Due to the failure of classical chemotherapies and targeted drugs, research efforts focusing on the use of less toxic agents have increased. Interestingly, multiple natural compounds have shown antitumor and apoptotic effects in TMZ resistant and p53 mutant GBM cell lines and also displayed synergistic effects with TMZ. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on natural products or product analogs used to modulate the BBB permeability, induce cell death, eradicate CSCs and sensitize GBM to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicole A. Shonka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Chen H, Wang H, An J, Shang Q, Ma J. Plumbagin induces RPE cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p38 MARK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in PVR. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 29534723 PMCID: PMC5851073 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the effects of plumbagin (PLB) on ARPE-19 cells and underlying mechanism. Methods Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 5, 15, and 25 μM) of PLB for 24 h or with 15 μM PLB for 12, 24 and 48 h. Then cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and DAPI staining, while apoptosis and cell cycle progression of ARPE cells were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the level of main regulatory proteins was examinated by Western boltting and the expression of relative mRNA was tested by Real-Time PCR. Results PLB exhibited potent inducing effects on cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis of ARPE cells via the modulation of Bcl-2 family regulators in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. PLB induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathways contributing to the anti-proliferative activities in ARPE cells. Conclusions This is the first report to show that PLB could inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells through down-regulation of modulatory signaling pathways. The results open new avenues for the use of PLB in prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Shang XF, Liu YQ, Guo X, Miao XL, Chen C, Zhang JX, Xu XS, Yang GZ, Yang CJ, Li JC, Zhang XS. Application of Sustainable Natural Resources in Agriculture: Acaricidal and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Naphthoquinones and Their Analogs against Psoroptes cuniculi. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1609. [PMID: 29371639 PMCID: PMC5785474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As important secondary plant metabolites, naphthoquinones exhibit a wide range of biological activities. However, their potential as sustainable alternatives to synthetic acaricides has not been studied. This study for the first time investigates the acaricidal activity of naphthoquinones against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo activity, the skin irritation effects, the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory activities against mite acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the two compounds that displayed the best insecticidal activity in vitro were evaluated. Among fourteen naphthoquinones and their analogs, juglone and plumbagin were observed to possess the strongest acaricidal activities against P. cuniculi with LC50 values of 20.53 ppm and 17.96 ppm, respectively, at 24 h. After three treatments, these two chemicals completely cured naturally infested rabbits in vivo within 15 days, and no skin irritation was found in any of the treated rabbits. Compared to plumbagin, juglone presented no or weak cytotoxicity against HL-7702 cells. Moreover, these two chemicals significantly inhibited AChE and GST activity. These results indicate that juglone has promising toxicity against P. cuniculi, is safe for both humans and animals at certain doses, and could be used as a potential alternative bio-acaricide for controlling the development of psoroptic mange in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center of Qinghai University, Qinghai University Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lou Miao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 335 Jiangouyan, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone metabolite induces mitochondria mediated apoptosis-like cell death in Leishmania donovani: an ultrastructural and physiological study. Apoptosis 2018; 21:941-53. [PMID: 27315817 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are known to exhibit a broad range of biological activities against microbes, cancer and parasitic diseases and have been widely used in Indian traditional medicine. Plumbagin is a plant-derived naphthoquinone metabolite (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) reported to inhibit trypanothione reductase, the principal enzyme and a validated drug target involved in detoxification of oxidative stress in Leishmania. Here, we report the mechanistic aspects of cell death induced by plumbagin including physiological effects in the promastigote form and ultrastructural alterations in both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani which till now remained largely unknown. Our observations show that oxidative stress induced by plumbagin resulted in depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, depletion in ATP levels, elevation of cytosolic calcium, increase in caspase 3/7-like protease activity and lipid peroxidation in promastigotes. Apoptosis-like cell death induction post plumbagin treatment was confirmed by biochemical assays like Annexin V/FITC staining, TUNEL as well as morphological and ultrastructural studies. These findings collectively highlight the mode of action and importance of oxidative stress inducing agents in effectively killing both forms of the Leishmania parasite and opens up the possibility of exploring plumbagin and its derivatives as promising candidates in the chemotherapy of Leishmaniasis.
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Rajalakshmi S, Vyawahare N, Pawar A, Mahaparale P, Chellampillai B. Current development in novel drug delivery systems of bioactive molecule plumbagin. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:209-218. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1417865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Niraj Vyawahare
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Paresh Mahaparale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Bothiraja Chellampillai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
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Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Kong X, Luo J, Xu T, Zhou Y, Pan Z, Xie Y, Zhao L, Lu Y, Han X, Li Z, Liu L. Plumbagin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human leukemic Kasumi-1 cells through upregulation of TRAIL death receptor expression, activation of caspase-8 and inhibition of cFLIP. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3423-3432. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Cai Y, He C, Chen M, Li H. Anticancer Properties and Pharmaceutical Applications of Plumbagin: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:423-441. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that plumbagin, a bioactive naphthoquinone isolated from three major plant families viz. Plumbaginaceae, Ebenceae and Droseraceae, definitively exhibits anticancer potential in diverse cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Plumbagin shows antineoplastic effects via multi-channel molecular mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the disruption of the cell cycle, the inhibition of invasion and metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis. Plumbagin inhibits the growth of cancer cells mainly through the modulation of the signals of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, Ras, and so on. The pharmaceutical applications of plumbagin combined with nanocarriers to achieve better therapeutic efficiency are discussed in this review Among them, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, micelles, and nisosomes are used in cancer treatment. The anticancer study of plumbagin in vivo is also summarized in this review. On the whole, we aim to review the research progress of plumbagin both in pharmacological and pharmaceutical filed, which may provide some reference for further research of plumbagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Plumbagin sensitizes breast cancer cells to tamoxifen-induced cell death through GRP78 inhibition and Bik upregulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43781. [PMID: 28287102 PMCID: PMC5347125 DOI: 10.1038/srep43781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a major chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum, and a prosurvival component of the unfolded protein response. GRP78 is upregulated in many types of cancers, including breast cancer. Research has suggested that GRP78 overexpression confers chemoresistance to anti-estrogen agents through a mechanism involving the inhibition of a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, Bik. In the present research the role of plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, in GRP78-associated cell death inhibition was examined. The results demonstrated that plumbagin inhibits GRP78 activity and GRP78 inhibition contributes to plumbagin-mediated cell death induction. Furthermore, Bik upregulation was associated with plumbagin-induced cell death and an increase in plumbagin-mediated Bik induction was observed upon GRP78 downregulation. Plumbagin sensitized estrogen-positive breast cancer cells to tamoxifen and the association of GRP78 inhibition and Bik upregulation in plumbagin-mediated cell sensitization was shown. Collectively, the results of this research suggest that plumbagin inhibits the antiapoptotic activity of GRP78 leading to Bik upregulation and apoptosis induction, which contributes to the sensitization of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen.
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Plumbagin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:229-246. [PMID: 27771927 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kawiak A, Domachowska A. Plumbagin Suppresses the Invasion of HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of IKKα-Mediated NF-κB Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164064. [PMID: 27727280 PMCID: PMC5058502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-overexpressing breast cancers account for about 30% of breast cancer occurrences and have been correlated with increased tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is overexpressed in a subset of HER2-positive breast cancers and its upregulation has been associated with the metastatic potential of HER2-overexpressing tumors. The present study aimed at determining the potential of plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone, to inhibit the invasion of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and determine the involvement of NF-κB inhibition in plumbagin-mediated cell invasion suppression. In the present research we showed that plumbagin inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The suppression of NF-κB activation corresponded with the inhibition of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and downregulation of NF-κB-regulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression. Plumbagin suppressed the invasion of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and the inhibition of cell invasion was associated with the ability of plumbagin to inhibit NF-κB transcriptional activity. The silencing of NF-κB p65 increased the sensitivity of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells to plumbagin-induced cell invasion inhibition. NF-κB inhibition was associated with IκB kinase α (IKKα) activity suppression and inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. The knockdown of IKKα resulted in increased sensitivity of HER2-positive cells to plumbagin-induced suppression of NF-κB transcriptional activity and expression of MMP-9. In conclusion, plumbagin inhibits the invasion of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through the inhibition of IKKα-mediated NF-κB activation and downregulation of NF-κB-regulated MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk & Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Subfaculty of Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Domachowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk & Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Plumbagin triggers DNA damage response, telomere dysfunction and genome instability of human breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:256-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Kawiak A, Lojkowska E. Ramentaceone, a Naphthoquinone Derived from Drosera sp., Induces Apoptosis by Suppressing PI3K/Akt Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147718. [PMID: 26840401 PMCID: PMC4739616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays an important role in processes critical for breast cancer progression and its upregulation confers increased resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation. The present study aimed at determining the activity of ramentaceone, a constituent of species in the plant genera Drosera, toward breast cancer cells and defining the involvement of PI3K/Akt inhibition in ramentaceone-mediated cell death induction. The results showed that ramentaceone exhibited high antiproliferative activity toward breast cancer cells, in particular HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. The mode of cell death induced by ramentaceone was through apoptosis as determined by cytometric analysis of caspase activity and Annexin V staining. Apoptosis induction was found to be mediated by inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling and through targeting its downstream anti-apoptotic effectors. Ramentaceone inhibited PI3-kinase activity, reduced the expression of the PI3K protein and inhibited the phosphorylation of the Akt protein in breast cancer cells. The expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was decreased and the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Bak, were elevated. Moreover, inhibition of PI3K and silencing of Akt expression increased the sensitivity of cells to ramentaceone-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that ramentaceone induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through PI3K/Akt signaling inhibition. These findings suggest further investigation of ramentaceone as a potential therapeutic agent in breast cancer therapy, in particular HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80–822, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Subfaculty of Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Tuwima 15, 80–210, Gdansk, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ewa Lojkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80–822, Gdansk, Poland
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Khaw AK, Sameni S, Venkatesan S, Kalthur G, Hande MP. Plumbagin alters telomere dynamics, induces DNA damage and cell death in human brain tumour cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 793:86-95. [PMID: 26520377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant products may possess much potential in palliative therapy and supportive strategies of current cancer treatments with lesser cytotoxicity to normal cells compared to conventional chemotherapy. In the current study, anti-cancer properties of plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone, on brain cancer cells were determined. Plumbagin treatment resulted in the induction of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, followed by suppression of the colony forming ability of the brain tumour cells. These effects were substantiated by upregulation of PTEN, TNFRSF1A and downregulation of E2F1 genes, along with a drop in MDM2, cyclin B1, survivin and BCL2 protein expression. Plumbagin induced elevated levels of caspase-3/7 activity as well. For the first time, we show here that plumbagin inhibits telomerase in brain tumour cells and results in telomere shortening following chronic long-term treatment. This observation implies considerable cytotoxicity of plumbagin towards cancer cells with higher telomerase activity. Collectively, our findings suggest plumbagin as a potential chemotherapeutic phytochemical in brain tumour treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aik Kia Khaw
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Safoura Sameni
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shriram Venkatesan
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Clinical Embryology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138597, Singapore.
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Shukla P, Singh R. Potential pharmacological interventions against hematotoxicity: an overview. Expert Rev Hematol 2015; 8:505-14. [PMID: 25843128 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.1031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Various treatment regimens, including chemotherapy, are known to induce heavy oxidative stress on the system, which in turn leads to adverse effects on healthy tissues. Blood being prone to oxidative stress is affected the most. At this juncture, it might not be prudent to anticipate having chemotherapeutic agents with no hematotoxicity; the best way forward is to look for potential anti-hematotoxic compounds, which could be supplemented to exposed patients, thus reducing the toxic burden on blood cells. We mined existing literature for reviewing possible interventions against hematotoxicity and figured that there is a great lacuna in this field in terms of not having such useful information at one place. This review presents the possible entities based on their antioxidant potentials, including their mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shukla
- Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110 001, India
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Zou Y, Qin X, Xiong H, Zhu F, Chen T, Wu H. Apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells triggered by evodiamine through MTDH-dependent signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5187-93. [PMID: 25652471 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH), a novel oncoprotein, has been implicated in the carcinogenesis in various aspects of tumor malignancy. Overexpression of the MTDH promotes the survival and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Agent that can suppress MTDH activation would have potential to be developed for cancer therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of evodiamine in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cell line and the inhibitory effect of evodiamine on MTDH pathway. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays demonstrated that evodiamine or MTDH short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited proliferation of A549 cells via induction of apoptosis. Besides, evodiamine or MTDH shRNA-induced activation of the caspase-3 in A549 cells under same conditions. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed that treatment of A549 cells with evodiamine or MTDH shRNA resulted in an increase of proapoptotic protein Bax expression but decreased the expression levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and MTDH, which altogether account for apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that the evodiamine suppress the proliferation of lung cancer cells, at least, in part, via inhibition of MTDH expression and activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Ono T, Ota A, Ito K, Nakaoka T, Karnan S, Konishi H, Furuhashi A, Hayashi T, Yamada Y, Hosokawa Y, Kazaoka Y. Plumbagin suppresses tumor cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oral Dis 2015; 21:501-11. [PMID: 25580997 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plumbagin (PL), a naturally occurring quinoid, exerts antitumoral effects in diverse types of cancer cells. However, the effect of PL on tumor cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of PL, in human OSCC cells. METHODS The effect of PL on the cell growth and apoptosis of OSCC cell lines was evaluated using MTT and Annexin V assays, respectively. The effect of PL on mitochondrial membrane potential loss and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS MTT assay showed that PL dose-dependently suppressed OSCC cell growth, with IC50 values ranging from 3.87 to 14.6 μM. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PL treatment resulted in a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Notably, ROS generation was significantly elevated after PL treatment. Furthermore, a ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), clearly suppressed the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of caspase-3/7 activity, and apoptosis after PL treatment. CONCLUSION This study provides the considerable evidence of the tumor-suppressive effect of PL, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
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Plumbagin induces growth inhibition of human glioma cells by downregulating the expression and activity of FOXM1. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:469-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zou Y, Zhang P, Zhu F, Xiong H. WITHDRAWN: Evodiamine triggers apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via targeting MTDH-mediated signaling pathway. Pharmacotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sagar S, Esau L, Moosa B, Khashab NM, Bajic VB, Kaur M. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by a plumbagin derivative in estrogen positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:170-80. [PMID: 24164046 PMCID: PMC3894702 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113136660369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin [5-hydroxy- 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthaquinone] is a well-known plant derived anticancer lead compound. Several efforts have been made to synthesize its analogs and derivatives in order to increase its anticancer potential. In the present study, plumbagin and its five derivatives have been evaluated for their antiproliferative potential in one normal and four human cancer cell lines. Treatment with derivatives resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of various cancer cell lines. Prescreening of compounds led us to focus our further investigations on acetyl plumbagin, which showed remarkably low toxicity towards normal BJ cells and HepG2 cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis induction were determined by APOPercentage staining, caspase-3/7 activation, reactive oxygen species production and cell cycle analysis. The modulation of apoptotic genes (p53, Mdm2, NF-kB, Bad, Bax, Bcl-2 and Casp-7) was also measured using real time PCR. The positive staining using APOPercentage dye, increased caspase-3/7 activity, increased ROS production and enhanced mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes suggested that acetyl plumbagin exhibits anticancer effects on MCF-7 cells through its apoptosis-inducing property. A key highlighting point of the study is low toxicity of acetyl plumbagin towards normal BJ cells and negligible hepatotoxicity (data based on HepG2 cell line). Overall results showed that acetyl plumbagin with reduced toxicity might have the potential to be a new lead molecule for testing against estrogen positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mandeep Kaur
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Building 2, Level 4, R-4336, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal- 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mallavadhani UV, Prasad CV, Shrivastava S, Naidu VGM. Synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel 5,6-fused hybrids of juglone based 1,4-naphthoquinones. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:84-91. [PMID: 24953027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Six novel 5,6-fused hybrids such as dihydrobenzofuran-quinone (4a and 4b), benzofuran-quinone (5a and 5b) and chromene-quinone (6a and 6b) of juglone based 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized by employing a three step protocol with the cyclisation of o-allyl phenol as the key step. The anticancer activity of the newly synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro against seven human cancer cell lines including cervix (ME-180 and HeLa), breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC-3) and colon (HT-29) by using MTT assay. The screening results showed that majority of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant anticancer activity. In particular, compounds 6a and 6b showed potent activities than the standard drug etoposide against prostate and breast cancer cell lines respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that compounds 6a and 6b induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase in PC-3 and MDA-MB-453 cells respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chakka Vara Prasad
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Shweta Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education& Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education& Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
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Raghu D, Karunagaran D. Plumbagin downregulates Wnt signaling independent of p53 in human colorectal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1130-1134. [PMID: 24828199 DOI: 10.1021/np4010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (1), a naphthoquinone, induces cell death and affects various signaling pathways in cancer cells. Wnt signaling is active constitutively in colorectal cancer and plays an important role in its progression and pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that 1 is likely to modulate Wnt signaling, and this compound was studied for its effect on this pathway in human colorectal cancer cells. Plumbagin (1) was found to downregulate Wnt signaling when assessed by a TOPFlash/FOPFlash reporter activity assay and also decreased the expression of several coactivators and downstream targets of Wnt signaling such as β-catenin, TCF7L2, p300, Bcl9l, c-Myc, vimentin, and cyclinD1 in SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Using isogenic HCT116p53+/+ and HCT116p53-/- colorectal cancer cells, it was found that compound 1-mediated downregulation of Wnt signaling is p53-independent. Interestingly, treatment with 1 upregulated the expression of HBP1 (a negative regulator of Wnt signaling) in these cells. The results obtained show for the first time that downregulation of Wnt signaling could be one of the molecular mechanisms by which plumbagin exerts its inhibitory effects in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Raghu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai, India 600036
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Yan W, Wang TY, Fan QM, Du L, Xu JK, Zhai ZJ, Li HW, Tang TT. Plumbagin attenuates cancer cell growth and osteoclast formation in the bone microenvironment of mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:124-34. [PMID: 24384612 PMCID: PMC4075744 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derived from the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, on human breast cancer cell growth and the cancer cell-induced osteolysis in the bone microenvironment of mice. METHODS Human breast cancer cell subline MDA-MB-231SA with the ability to spread and grow in the bone was tested. The cell proliferation was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected with Annexin V/PI double-labeled flow cytometry. Red fluorescent protein-labeled MDA-MB-231SArfp cells were injected into the right tibia of female BALB/c-nu/nu mice. Three days after the inoculation, the mice were injected with plumbagin (2, 4, or 6 mg/kg, ip) 5 times per week for 7 weeks. The growth of the tumor cells was monitored using an in vivo imaging system. After the mice were sacrificed, the hind limbs were removed for radiographic and histological analyses. RESULTS Plumbagin (2.5-20 μmol/L) concentration-dependently inhibited the cell viability and induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231SA cells in vitro (the IC50 value of inhibition of cell viability was 14.7 μmol/L). Administration of plumbagin to breast cancer bearing mice delayed the tumor growth by 2-3 weeks and reduced the tumor volume by 44%-74%. The in vivo imaging study showed that plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited MDA-MB-231SArfp cell growth in bone microenvironment. Furthermore, X-ray images and micro-CT study demonstrated that plumbagin reduced bone erosion area and prevented a decrease in bone tissue volume. Histological studies showed that plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited the breast cancer cell growth, enhanced the cell apoptosis and reduced the number of TRAcP-positive osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Plumbagin inhibits the cell growth and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in mice bone microenvironment, leading to significant reduction in osteolytic lesions caused by the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Wendeng Zhenggu Hospital of Shandong Province, Wendeng 264400, China
| | - Ting-yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qi-ming Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lin Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia-ke Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zan-jing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hao-wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ting-ting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Hook I, Mills C, Sheridan H. Bioactive Naphthoquinones from Higher Plants. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Xu TP, Shen H, Liu LX, Shu YQ. Plumbagin from Plumbago Zeylanica L induces apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines through NF- κB inactivation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2325-31. [PMID: 23725135 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect effects of plumbagin on proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549, H292 and H460 were treated with various concentrations of plumbagin. Cell proliferation rates was determined using both cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assays. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide double-labeled flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Activity of NF-κB was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of both NF-κB regulated apoptotic-related gene and activation of p65 and IκBκ. RESULTS Plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of the lung cancer cells. The IC50 values of plumbagin in A549, H292, and H460 cells were 10.3 μmol/L, 7.3 μmol/L, and 6.1 μmol/L for 12 hours, respectively. The compound concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of the three cell lines. Treatment with plumbagin increased the intracellular level of ROS, and inhibited the activation of NK-κB. In addition to inhibition of NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation, the compound also suppressed the degradation of IκBκ. ROS scavenger NAC highly reversed the effect of plumbagin on apoptosis and inactivation of NK-κB in H460 cell line. Treatment with plumbagin also increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, upregulated the expression of Bax, Bak, and CytC. CONCLUSIONS Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells through an NF-κB-regulated mitochondrial-mediated pathway, involving activation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wei H, Zhang X, Wu G, Yang X, Pan S, Wang Y, Ruan J. Chalcone derivatives from the fern Cyclosorus parasiticus and their anti-proliferative activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:147-52. [PMID: 23891701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new chalcone derivatives, named parasiticins A-C (1-3), were isolated from the leaves of Cyclosorus parasiticus, together with four known chalcones, 5,7-dihydroxy-4-phenyl-8-(3-phenyl-trans-acryloyl)-3,4-dihydro-1-benzopyran-2-one (4), 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxychalcone (5), 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (6), 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-methylchalcone (7). The chemical structures of the new isolated compounds were elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated against six human cancer cell lines in vitro. Compounds 3 and 6 exhibited substantial cytotoxicity against all six cell lines, especially toward HepG2 with the IC₅₀ values of 1.60 and 2.82 μM, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compounds 3 and 6 could induce apoptosis in the HepG2 cell line, which may contribute significantly to their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Pile JE, Navalta JW, Davis CD, Sharma NC. Interventional effects of plumbagin on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1001-6. [PMID: 23742275 PMCID: PMC3752897 DOI: 10.1021/np3008792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (1) is a naphthoquinone constituent of plants that have been used in traditional systems of medicine since ancient times. In the present study, the role of 1 was examined on the amelioration of ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease that is not curable currently. Plumbagin was tested at a dose of 6-10 mg/kg body weight in acute and chronic disease models. Diseased mice receiving 1 at 8-10 mg/kg demonstrated a significant suppression of disease symptoms in both models. However, body weight loss was not restored in either of the models. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17) were reduced significantly by 1 in mice suffering from chronic disease, while cytokine levels remained unaffected in mice with acute disease. However, the percentage of inflammatory (CD14+/CD16+) monocytes present in peripheral blood was significantly reduced by >3-fold (p < 0.05) in treatment groups relative to controls in the acute model. Histological evaluations exhibited the restoration of goblet cells, crypts, and the submucosa along with a significant reduction in monocyte aggregation in colon sections from mice receiving treatment with 1. Restoration in colon size was also observed in the treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Pile
- Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - James W. Navalta
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Cheryl D. Davis
- Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - Nilesh C. Sharma
- Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101
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Lupescu A, Jilani K, Zbidah M, Lang E, Lang F. Enhanced Ca2+ entry, ceramide formation, and apoptotic death of erythrocytes triggered by plumbagin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1956-1961. [PMID: 23110447 DOI: 10.1021/np300611r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1), a natural product from plants with potential anticancer potency, induces apoptosis. Mechanisms involved in 1-induced apoptosis include mitochondrial depolarization, inactivation of NF-κB, and altered expression of anti- and proapoptotic Bcl proteins. Similar to nucleated cells, erythrocytes may undergo suicidal death or eryptosis, which, like apoptosis, results in cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)]i) and ceramide formation. The present study explored whether 1 stimulates eryptosis. Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin-V-binding, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, [Ca(2+)]i from Fluo-3 fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing antibodies. A 48 h exposure to 1 (2 μM) decreased forward scatter and increased annexin-V-binding significantly, events paralleled by increased [Ca(2+)]i and ceramide formation. Exposure to 1 was followed by a slight but significant increase of hemolysis. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) slightly, but significantly blunted the effect of 1 (2 μM) on annexin-V-binding. The present observations demonstrate that 1 may trigger suicidal death of erythrocytes, cells devoid of mitochondria and nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen , Gmelinstraße 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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