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Lin Z, Assaraf YG, Kwok HF. Peptides for microbe-induced cancers: latest therapeutic strategies and their advanced technologies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10197-4. [PMID: 39008152 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern associated with multiple distinct factors, including microbial and viral infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the role of microorganisms, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), as well as viruses for example human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in the development of human malignancies. Substantial attention has been focused on the treatment of these microorganism- and virus-associated cancers, with promising outcomes observed in studies employing peptide-based therapies. The current paper provides an overview of microbe- and virus-induced cancers and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We discuss an assortment of peptide-based therapies which are currently being developed, including tumor-targeting peptides and microbial/viral peptide-based vaccines. We describe the major technological advancements that have been made in the design, screening, and delivery of peptides as anticancer agents. The primary focus of the current review is to provide insight into the latest research and development in this field and to provide a realistic glimpse into the future of peptide-based therapies for microbe- and virus-induced neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Lin
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Instituteof Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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2
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Haque S, Hussain A, Joshi H, Sharma U, Sharma B, Aggarwal D, Rani I, Ramniwas S, Gupta M, Tuli HS. Melittin: a possible regulator of cancer proliferation in preclinical cell culture and animal models. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17709-17726. [PMID: 37919474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melittin is a water-soluble cationic peptide derived from bee venom that has been thoroughly studied for the cure of different cancers. However, the unwanted interactions of melittin produce hemolytic and cytotoxic effects that hinder their therapeutic applications. To overcome the shortcomings, numerous research groups have adopted different approaches, including conjugation with tumor-targeting proteins, gene therapy, and encapsulation in nanoparticles, to reduce the non-specific cytotoxic effects and potentiate their anti-cancerous activity. PURPOSE This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into the chemopreventive activity of melittin and its nanoversion in combination with standard anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer. METHODS We looked over the pertinent research on melittin's chemopreventive properties in online databases such as PubMed and Scopus. CONCLUSION In the present article, the anti-cancerous effects of melittin on different cancers have been discussed very nicely, as have their possible mechanisms of action to act against different tumors. Besides, it interacts with different signal molecules that regulate the diverse pathways of cancerous cells, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We also discussed the recent progress in the synergistic combination of melittin with standard anti-cancer drugs and a nano-formulated version of melittin for targeted delivery to improve its anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 11022801, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, 13306, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Bunty Sharma
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markendashwar College of Medical Sciences and Research (MMCMSR), Sadopur, Ambala, 134007, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
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3
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Yu X, Jia S, Yu S, Chen Y, Zhang C, Chen H, Dai Y. Recent advances in melittin-based nanoparticles for antitumor treatment: from mechanisms to targeted delivery strategies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:454. [PMID: 38017537 PMCID: PMC10685715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a naturally occurring cytolytic peptide, melittin (MLT) not only exhibits a potent direct tumor cell-killing effect but also possesses various immunomodulatory functions. MLT shows minimal chances for developing resistance and has been recognized as a promising broad-spectrum antitumor drug because of this unique dual mechanism of action. However, MLT still displays obvious toxic side effects during treatment, such as nonspecific cytolytic activity, hemolytic toxicity, coagulation disorders, and allergic reactions, seriously hampering its broad clinical applications. With thorough research on antitumor mechanisms and the rapid development of nanotechnology, significant effort has been devoted to shielding against toxicity and achieving tumor-directed drug delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MLT. Herein, we mainly summarize the potential antitumor mechanisms of MLT and recent progress in the targeted delivery strategies for tumor therapy, such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimulus-responsive targeting. Additionally, we also highlight the prospects and challenges of realizing the full potential of MLT in the field of tumor therapy. By exploring the antitumor molecular mechanisms and delivery strategies of MLT, this comprehensive review may inspire new ideas for tumor multimechanism synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Siyu Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Haidan Chen
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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4
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Sun D, Li S, Huang H, Xu L. Neurotoxicity of melittin: Role of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system in synaptic plasticity dysfunction. Toxicology 2023; 497-498:153628. [PMID: 37678661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Melittin (Mel), a main active peptide component of bee venom, has been proven to possess strong antitumor activity. Previous studies have shown that Mel caused severe cell membrane lysis and acted on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, this study was designed to investigate the effects of Mel on CNS and explore the potential mechanism. We confirmed the neurotoxic effect of melittin by in vivo and in vitro experiments. After subcutaneous administration of Mel (4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg) for 14 days, the mice exhibited obvious depression-like behavior in a dose dependent manner. Besides, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signaling pathway was mostly enriched in hippocampus. Consistently, we found that Mel distinctly inhibited the activity of OXPHOS complex I and induced oxidative stress injury. Moreover, Mel significantly induced synaptic plasticity dysfunction in hippocampus via BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. Taken together, the neurotoxic effect of Mel was involved in impairing OXPHOS system and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. These novel findings provide new insights into fully understanding the health risks of Mel and are conducive to the development of Mel related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lixing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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5
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Li X, Zhu S, Li Z, Meng Y, Huang S, Yu Q, Li B. Melittin induces ferroptosis and ER stress-CHOP-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:398-410. [PMID: 36194238 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2131551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melittin is a natural polypeptide present in bee venom, with significant anti-tumor activity. Melittin has been reported to induce cell death in lung carcinoma cell line A549 cells, suggesting an excellent potential for treating lung cancer. However, the core mechanism underlying melittin-induced cell death in A549 cells remains unclear. This work reports that melittin induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, upregulates intracellular Fe2+ levels, disrupts the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 antioxidant system, and increases lipid peroxide accumulation, eventually inducing cell death, indicating that ferroptosis may be involved in the antitumor effects of melittin in A549 cells. Furthermore, A549 cells treated with the ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine demonstrated that these inhibitors could reverse the cell death induced by melittin, further confirming that melittin induces A549 cell death via ferroptosis. Furthermore, the results also illustrated that melittin activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) apoptotic signal, closely associated with high-level intracellular ROS. The ER stress inhibitor, 4-Phenyl butyric acid, was used to confirm that ER stress-CHOP apoptotic signaling is another molecular mechanism of melittin-induced A549 cell death. Thus, our results demonstrate that ferroptosis and ER stress-CHOP signaling are key molecular mechanisms of melittin-induced cell death in lung cancer.Key policy highlightsMelittin upregulates intracellular Fe2+ levels, leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxides in A549 cells.Melittin disrupts the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 antioxidant system in A549 cells.Melittin induces activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-C/EBP homologous protein apoptosis signal.Ferroptosis and ER stress are the core molecular mechanisms underlying melittin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sujie Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiyao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University 730030, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University 730030, Lanzhou, China
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Varol A, Sezen S, Evcimen D, Zarepour A, Ulus G, Zarrabi A, Badr G, Daştan SD, Orbayoğlu AG, Selamoğlu Z, Varol M. Cellular targets and molecular activity mechanisms of bee venom in cancer: recent trends and developments. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2024576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Varol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serap Sezen
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilhan Evcimen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamal Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Immunology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Asya Gülistan Orbayoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Selamoğlu
- Department Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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7
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Abdulmalek S, Mostafa N, Gomaa M, El‑Kersh M, Elkady AI, Balbaa M. Bee venom-loaded EGFR-targeting peptide-coupled chitosan nanoparticles for effective therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting EGFR-mediated MEK/ERK pathway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272776. [PMID: 35947632 PMCID: PMC9365195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's most risky diseases due to the lack of clear and cost-effective therapeutic targets. Currently, the toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic medications and the development of multidrug resistance is driving research into targeted therapies. The nano-biomedical field's potential for developing an effective therapeutic nano-sized drug delivery system is viewed as a significant pharmaceutical trend for the encapsulation and release of numerous anticancer therapies. In this regard, current research is centered on the creation of biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) for the selective and sustained release of bee venom into liver cancer cells. Furthermore, surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and GE11 peptide-conjugated bee venom-CSNPs allows for the targeting of EGFR-overexpressed liver cancer cells. A series of in vitro and in vivo cellular analyses were used to investigate the antitumor effects and mechanisms of targeted bee venom-CSNPs. Targeted bee venom-CSNPs, in particular, were found to have higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells than SMMC-7721 cells, as well as stronger cellular uptake and a substantial reduction in cell migration, leading to improved cancer suppression. It also promotes cancer cell death in EGFR overexpressed HepG2 cells by boosting reactive oxygen species, activating mitochondria-dependent pathways, inhibiting EGFR-stimulated MEK/ERK pathway, and elevating p38-MAPK in comparison to native bee venom. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced mice, it has anti-cancer properties against tumor tissue. It also improved liver function and architecture without causing any noticeable toxic side effects, as well as inhibiting tumor growth by activating the apoptotic pathway. The design of this cancer-targeted nanoparticle establishes GE11-bee venom-CSNPs as a potential chemotherapeutic treatment for EGFR over-expressed malignancies. Finally, our work elucidates the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer selectivity of targeted bee venom-CSNPs and outlines therapeutic strategies to target liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Abdulmalek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nouf Mostafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gomaa
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El‑Kersh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman I. Elkady
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Balbaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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8
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Ye R, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Wei X, Shi S, Chen Y, Zhu W, Wang A, Yang L, Xu Y, Peng J. Stable Loading and Delivery of Melittin with Lipid-Coated Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Tumor Therapy with Negligible Systemic Toxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55902-55912. [PMID: 34793125 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melittin is a potential anticancer candidate with remarkable antitumor activity and ability to overcome tumor drug resistance. However, the clinical applications of melittin are largely restricted by its severe hemolytic activity and nonspecific cytotoxicity after systemic administration. Here, a biocompatible and stable melittin-loaded lipid-coated polymeric nanoparticle (MpG@LPN) formulation that contains a melittin/poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticle inner core, a lipid membrane middle layer, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG-targeting molecule outer shell was designed. The formulations were prepared by applying a self-assembly procedure based on intermolecular interactions, including electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effect. The core-shell MpG@LPN presented high efficiency for melittin encapsulation and high stability in physiological conditions. Hemolysis and cell proliferation assays showed that the PEG-modified MpG@LPN had almost no hemolytic activity and nonspecific cytotoxicity even at high concentrations. The modification of targeting molecules on the MpG@LPNs allowed for the selective binding with target tumor cells and cytolytic activity via apoptosis induction. In vivo experiments revealed that MpG@LPNs can remarkably inhibit the growth of tumors without the occurrence of hemolysis and tissue toxicity. Results suggested that the developed MpG@LPN with a core-shell structure can effectively address the main obstacles of melittin in clinical applications and has great potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sanyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuetan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wanxin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liuxin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali City 671000, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Guha S, Ferrie RP, Ghimire J, Ventura CR, Wu E, Sun L, Kim SY, Wiedman GR, Hristova K, Wimley WC. Applications and evolution of melittin, the quintessential membrane active peptide. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114769. [PMID: 34543656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melittin, the main venom component of the European Honeybee, is a cationic linear peptide-amide of 26 amino acid residues with the sequence: GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-NH2. Melittin binds to lipid bilayer membranes, folds into amphipathic α-helical secondary structure and disrupts the permeability barrier. Since melittin was first described, a remarkable array of activities and potential applications in biology and medicine have been described. Melittin is also a favorite model system for biophysicists to study the structure, folding and function of peptides and proteins in membranes. Melittin has also been used as a template for the evolution of new activities in membranes. Here we overview the rich history of scientific research into the many activities of melittin and outline exciting future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Guha
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan P Ferrie
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jenisha Ghimire
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ventura
- Seton Hall University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Wu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leisheng Sun
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah Y Kim
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory R Wiedman
- Seton Hall University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wimley C Wimley
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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El Bakary NM, Alsharkawy AZ, Shouaib ZA, Barakat EMS. Role of Bee Venom and Melittin on Restraining Angiogenesis and Metastasis in γ-Irradiated Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma-Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420944476. [PMID: 32735464 PMCID: PMC7401046 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420944476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis and apoptosis evasion are common hallmarks of cancer. The present work was an endeavor to evaluate the influence of bee venom (BV) or its major constituent melittin (MEL) as antiapoptotic and angiogenic regulator modifier on the tumor growth and the cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation targeting the improvement of cancer therapeutic protocols. BV (0.56 mg/kg/day) and MEL (500 µg/kg body weight/day) were injected intraperitoneally to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole-body exposed to 1 Gray (Gy) of γ-radiation (2 fractionated doses). Treatment with BV or MEL markedly suppresses the proliferation of tumor in EAC mice. The concentrations of m-RNA for angiogenic factors (TNF-α, VEGF) as well as MMPs 2 and 9 activities and NO concentration were significantly decreased, combined with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity) and normal cells redox tone (catalase and free radicals content) compared with EAC mice. Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by BV or MEL in the EAC mice group or EAC + R group. Exposure to γ-radiation sustained the modulatory effect of BV on tumor when compared with EAC + BV mice. Convincingly, the role of BV or MEL as a natural antiangiogenic in the biological sequelae after radiation exposure is verified. Hence, BV and its major constituent MEL might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Mir Hassani Z, Nabiuni M, Parivar K, Abdirad S, Karimzadeh L. Melittin inhibits the expression of key genes involved in tumor microenvironment formation by suppressing HIF-1α signaling in breast cancer cells. Med Oncol 2021; 38:77. [PMID: 34076777 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HIF-1α has critical roles in the formation of tumor microenvironment by regulating genes involved in angiogenesis and anaerobic respiration. TME fuels tumors' growth and metastasis and presents therapy with several challenges. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if Melittin disrupts HIF-1α signaling pathway in breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 was cultured in the presence of different doses of Melittin, and MTT assay was carried out to measure Melittin's cytotoxic effects. Cells were exposed to 5% O2 to mimic hypoxic conditions and Melittin. Western blot was used to measure HIF-1α protein levels. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR to measure relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tumor microenvironment formation. Our results revealed that Melittin effectively inhibits HIF-1α at transcriptional and translational/post-translational level. HIF-1α protein and mRNA level were significantly decreased in Melittin-treated groups. It is found that inhibition of HIF-1α by Melittin is through downregulation of NFκB gene expression. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a downregulation in VEGFA and LDHA expression due to inhibition of HIF-1α protein by Melittin. In addition, cell toxicity assay showed that Melittin inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cell line through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways by upregulating TNFA and BAX expression. Melittin suppresses the expression of genes responsible for formation of TME physiological hallmarks by suppressing HIF-1α signaling pathway. Our results suggest that Melittin can modulate tumor microenvironment by inhibition of VEGFA and LDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabih Mir Hassani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 31979-37551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 31979-37551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Abdirad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latifeh Karimzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhou J, Wan C, Cheng J, Huang H, Lovell JF, Jin H. Delivery Strategies for Melittin-Based Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17158-17173. [PMID: 33847113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melittin (MLT) has been studied preclinically as an anticancer agent based on its broad lytic effects in multiple tumor types. However, unsatisfactory tissue distribution, hemolysis, rapid metabolism, and limited specificity are critical obstacles that limit the translation of MLT. Emerging drug delivery strategies hold promise for targeting, controlled drug release, reduced side effects, and ultimately improved treatment efficiency. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of diverse carriers to deliver MLT, with an emphasis on the design and mechanisms of action. We further outline the opportunities for MLT-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Guo Life Science Center, Wuhan Shengrun Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
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13
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Yu R, Wang M, Wang M, Han L. Melittin suppresses growth and induces apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer cells via down-regulation of TGF-β-mediated ERK signal pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 54:e9017. [PMID: 33331417 PMCID: PMC7747877 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of melittin on growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. This study also explored the potential anti-cancer mechanism of melittin in NSCLC cells. The results demonstrated that melittin suppressed growth, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro. Melittin increased pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and Apaf-1 gene expression. Melittin inhibited tumor growth factor (TGF)-β expression and phosphorylated ERK/total ERK (pERK/tERK) in NSCLC cells. However, TGF-β overexpression (pTGF-β) abolished melittin-decreased TGF-β expression and pERK/tERK in NSCLC cells. Treatment with melittin suppressed tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival during the 120-day observation in vivo. Treatment with melittin increased TUNEL-positive cells and decreased expression levels of TGF-β and ERK in tumor tissue compared to the control group. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that melittin inhibited growth, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells through down-regulation of TGF-β-mediated ERK signaling pathway, suggesting melittin may be a promising anti-cancer agent for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Community Health Service Center, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
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14
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An JS, Lee JY, Kim E, Ahn H, Jang YJ, Shin B, Hwang S, Shin J, Yoon YJ, Lee SK, Oh DC. Formicolides A and B, Antioxidative and Antiangiogenic 20-Membered Macrolides from a Wood Ant Gut Bacterium. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2776-2784. [PMID: 32892623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two new macrolides, formicolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from Streptomyces sp. BA01, a gut bacterial strain of the wood ant (Formica yessensis). Their 20-membered macrocyclic lactone structures were established using NMR and mass spectrometric data. The relative configurations of the formicolides were determined by J-based configuration analysis utilizing ROESY, HETLOC, and HECADE NMR spectroscopic data. Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of the bacterial strain enabled us to identify the type-I polyketide synthase pathway employing a trans-acyltransferase system. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 are proposed based on detailed analysis of the sequences of the ketoreductases in the modular gene cluster and statistical comparative analysis of the experimental NMR chemical shifts and quantum mechanical calculations. Formicolides A and B (1 and 2) induced quinone reductase activity in murine Hepa-1c1c7 cells and antiangiogenic activity by suppression of tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soo An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Jang
- Natura Center of Life and Environment, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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El-Seedi H, Abd El-Wahed A, Yosri N, Musharraf SG, Chen L, Moustafa M, Zou X, Al-Mousawi S, Guo Z, Khatib A, Khalifa S. Antimicrobial Properties of Apis mellifera's Bee Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070451. [PMID: 32664544 PMCID: PMC7404974 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) is a rich source of secondary metabolites from honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and volatile metabolites. The compounds contribute to the venom’s observed biological functions as per its anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The antimicrobial action of BV has been shown in vitro and in vivo experiments against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The synergistic therapeutic interactions of BV with antibiotics has been reported. The synergistic effect contributes to a decrease in the loading and maintenance dosage, a decrease in the side effects of chemotherapy, and a decrease in drug resistance. To our knowledge, there have been no reviews on the impact of BV and its antimicrobial constituents thus far. The purpose of this review is to address the antimicrobial properties of BV and its compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Al-Rayan Research and Innovation Center, Al-Rayan Colleges, Medina 42541, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt; (A.A.E.-W.); (N.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.E.-S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +46-18-4714207 (H.E.-S.)
| | - Aida Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt; (A.A.E.-W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt; (A.A.E.-W.); (N.Y.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Moustafa Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, Safat 13060, Kuwait; (M.M.); (S.A.-M.)
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Saleh Al-Mousawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, Safat 13060, Kuwait; (M.M.); (S.A.-M.)
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang 25200, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Shaden Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (H.E.-S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +46-18-4714207 (H.E.-S.)
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Yao J, Zhang Z, Li S, Li B, Wang XH. Melittin inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells by regulating key genes based on bioinformatics and experimental assays. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:655-670. [PMID: 31691530 PMCID: PMC6933335 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumour effect of melittin (MEL) has recently attracted considerable attention. Nonetheless, information regarding the functional role of MEL in bladder cancer (BC) is currently limited. Herein, we investigated the effect of MEL on critical module genes identified in BC. In total, 2015 and 4679 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with BC were identified from the GSE31189 set and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, respectively. GSE‐identified DEGs were mapped and analysed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to determine BC‐involved crucial genes and signal pathways. Coupled with protein–protein interaction network and Molecular Complex Detection analyses, Modules 2 and 4 were highlighted in the progression of BC. In in‐vitro experiments, MEL inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of UM‐UC‐3 and 5637 cells. The expression of NRAS, PAK2, EGFR and PAK1 in Module 4—enriched in the MAPK signalling pathway—was significantly reduced after treatment with MEL at concentrations of 4 or 6 μg/mL. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses revealed MEL inhibited the expression of genes at the mRNA (ERK1/2, ERK5, JNK and MEK5), protein (ERK5, MEK5, JNK and ERK1/2) and phosphorylation (p‐ERK1/2, p‐JNK, and p‐38) levels. This novel evidence indicates MEL exerts effects on the ERK5‐MAK pathway—a branch of MAPK signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings provide a theoretical basis for MEL application in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Sun X, Meng L, Qiao W, Yang R, Gao Q, Peng Y, Bian Z. Vascular endothelial growth factor A/Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 axis promotes human dental pulp stem cell migration via the FAK/PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1691-1703. [PMID: 31267530 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and the underlying molecular mechanisms on the migration of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODOLOGY The expression of VEGFA in inflammatory pulp tissue and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated dental pulp cells was examined by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. The migration of hDPSCs was detected using transwell migration and wound healing assays. The activation of FAK, PI3K, Akt and p38 signalling was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Silence RNA (siRNA) technology was utilized to knockdown the expression of VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR). PF573228 (inhibitor of FAK), LY294002 (inhibitor of PI3K), SB203580 (inhibitor of p38) and SU5416 (inhibitor of VEGFR2) were employed to investigate the effect of VEGFA on the migratory mechanism of hDPSCs. Data were analysed statistically using the Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The expression levels of VEGFA in inflammatory pulp tissue in vivo and LPS-stimulated dental pulp cells in vitro were significantly greater than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor A promoted the migration of hDPSCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Several signalling pathways, including FAK, PI3K, Akt and p38, were activated by VEGFA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in hDPSCs. The VEGFA-induced migration of hDPSCs was significantly inhibited with drug inhibitors such as PF573228, LY294002, SB203580 or SU5416 (P < 0.05). These signalling pathways activated by VEGFA stimulation were significantly suppressed by pre-treatment with inhibitor of VEGFR2 (SU5416) or transfection with siRNA of VRGFR2 (P < 0.05) but not VEGFR1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Vascular endothelial growth factor A/VEGFR2 axis promoted the migration of hDPSCs via the FAK/PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for cell migration of hDPSCs, which may contribute to the remodelling of pulp tissue and dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - R Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Z Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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18
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Xia F, Gao F, Yao H, Zhang G, Gao B, Lu Y, Wang X, Qian Y. Identification of angiogenesis-inhibiting peptides from Chan Su. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 163:105445. [PMID: 31252070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chan Su is a traditional medicine prepared from toxic secretions from the auricular and skin glands of Chinese toads. Previous studies show that active components in Chan Su can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. To study the effect of Chan Su peptides on angiogenesis, fresh Chan Su was collected and its component peptides were isolated by an extraction and precipitation method. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the Chan Su component peptides revealed that there were more than 18 peptide component peaks. We demonstrate that Chan Su peptides inhibit angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Western blots indicated that Chan Su peptides inhibited the protein expression of VEGF165 and Ras, leading us to conclude that Chan Su peptide components exert anti-angiogenic effects by suppressing the VEGF165-VEGFR2-Ras signalling pathway. Finally, we identified the partial amino acid sequences of seven Chan Su peptides using the shotgun proteomics method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Xia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Huili Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiangjun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yongchang Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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19
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Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculations and biochemical evaluation of a novel oxime ligand with complexes. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Melittin Constrains the Expression of Identified Key Genes Associated with Bladder Cancer. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5038172. [PMID: 29854840 PMCID: PMC5960535 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5038172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is aimed at investigating the effect of melittin on identified key genes in bladder cancer (BC) and further providing a theoretical basis for BC treatment. GSE35014 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BC cells and control. Results showed that a total of 389 upregulated and 169 downregulated genes were identified. Subsequently, GO analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and PPI network analysis were employed to disclose the crucial genes and signaling pathways involved in BC. Fifteen module-related DEGs and their associated signaling pathways were obtained according to the PPI network and modular analyses. Based on the analysis of articles retrieved in the PubMed database, we found that melittin could induce apoptosis and constrain the progression of tumor cells as a result of regulating critical cancer-related signaling pathways, such as PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Furthermore, PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways were also found to be associated with module-related DEGs according to biological analyses. At last, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that melittin could constrain the expression of module-related DEGs (LPAR1, COL5A1, COL6A2, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3) associated with PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways in BC cells. Functional assays revealed that melittin could constrain the proliferative and migrated abilities of BC cells. Conjointly, these findings provide a theoretical basis for these six genes as drug-sensitive markers of melittin in BC treatment.
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21
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Qiao H, Fang D, Zhang L, Gu X, Lu Y, Sun M, Sun C, Ping Q, Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Hu L, Di L. Nanostructured Peptidotoxins as Natural Pro-Oxidants Induced Cancer Cell Death via Amplification of Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4569-4581. [PMID: 29336144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Melittin (Mel), one of the host defense peptides derived from the venom of honeybees, demonstrates substantial anticancer properties, which is attributed to augmenting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, little has been reported on its pro-oxidation capacity in cancer oxidation therapy. In this study, an ROS amplifying nanodevice was fabricated through direct complexation of two natural pro-oxidants, Mel and condensed epigallocatechin gallate (pEGCG). The obtained nanocomplex (NC) was further covered with phenylboronic acid derivatized hyaluronic acid (pHA) through the ROS-responsive boronate ester coordination bond to produce pHA-NC. Upon undergoing receptor-mediated endocytosis into cancer cells, the inner cores of pHA-NC will be partially uncovered once pHA corona is degraded by hyaluronidase and will then escape from the lysosome by virtue of cytolytic Mel. The elevated ROS level in the tumor cytoplasm can disrupt the boronate ester bond to facilitate drug release. Both Mel and pEGCG could synergistically amplify oxidative stress and prolong ROS retention in cancer cells, leading to enhanced anticancer efficacy. This ROS cascade amplifier based on selective coordination bond and inherent pro-oxidation properties of natural ingredients could detect and elevate intracellular ROS signals, potentiating to move the tumor away from its homeostasis and make the tumor vulnerable. Compared to previously reported chemosynthetic pro-oxidants, the ROS self-sufficient system, fully composed of natural medicine, from this study provides a new insight in developing cancer oxidation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaochen Gu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba , 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | | | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qineng Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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Xia LJ, Wu YL, Zhang FC. Combination of cecropinXJ and LY294002 induces synergistic cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7522-7528. [PMID: 29344198 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cecropinXJ against human gastric cancer BGC823 cells, either alone, or in combination with a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002. Cell viability and the apoptosis rate were measured using flow cytometry with Annexin-V staining. Additionally, the expression levels of several RAC-α serine/threonine kinase (Akt) phosphorylation-associated proteins and apoptosis-regulating proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. It was observed that the combination of cecropinXJ and LY294002 resulted in significant synergistic cytotoxic and apoptosis effects, as compared with any single agent alone, in a dose-dependent manner. Corresponding to enhanced apoptosis, the expression levels of certain apoptosis-regulating proteins were changed, the most notable being the upregulation of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated death promotor, Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer, Bcl-2 interacting killer, Bcl-2-like protein 11, Bcl-2-like protein 4 and cytochrome c, and the downregulation of phosphorylated-Bad and Bcl-2 proteins. The present study provided a novel therapeutic regimen for the use of the cecropinXJ in combination with LY294002 for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
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Lee C, Bae SJS, Joo H, Bae H. Melittin suppresses tumor progression by regulating tumor-associated macrophages in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54951-54965. [PMID: 28903394 PMCID: PMC5589633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are a major component of tumor stroma. It has been reported that TAMs have M2-like phenotype and facilitate tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis and immunosuppression. Melittin, a major polypeptide of bee venom, has been widely studied as an anti-cancer drug due to its cytotoxicity to malignant cells. However, very little is known regarding the effect of melittin on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This study focuses on the effect of melittin on TAMs in a Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Melittin inhibited the rapid tumor growth compared to the control in vivo. Melittin increased the M1/M2 ratio of TAMs by selectively reducing the number of CD206+ M2-like TAMs while not altering the population of CD86+ M1-like TAMs. Melittin also preferentially binds to M2 macrophages, and this binding was not associated with phagocytosis. Gene and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) and mannose receptor C type 1 (Mrc1/CD206) was reduced in M2-like bone marrow-derived macrophages by melittin treatment, but there was no significant change in the gene level of Vegf and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (Flt1/VEGFR1) in tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, the levels of VEGF and CD31, markers of angiogenesis, were significantly decreased by melittin treatment in tumor tissues. This study revealed a novel role for melittin in tumor treatment and suggested that melittin could be a promising therapeutic agent for targeting M2-like TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo S Bae
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hwansoo Joo
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Rady I, Siddiqui IA, Rady M, Mukhtar H. Melittin, a major peptide component of bee venom, and its conjugates in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:16-31. [PMID: 28536009 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melittin (MEL), a major peptide component of bee venom, is an attractive candidate for cancer therapy. This agent has shown a variety of anti-cancer effects in preclinical cell culture and animal model systems. Despite a convincing efficacy data against variety of cancers, its applicability to humans has met with challenges due to several issues including its non-specific cytotoxicity, degradation and hemolytic activity. Several optimization approaches including utilization of nanoparticle based delivery of MEL have been utilized to circumvent the issues. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the anticancer effects of bee venom and MEL on different kinds of cancers. Further, we also present the available information for the possible mechanism of action of bee venom and/or MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Rady
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Imtiaz A Siddiqui
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mohamad Rady
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Wang X, Xie J, Lu X, Li H, Wen C, Huo Z, Xie J, Shi M, Tang X, Chen H, Peng C, Fang Y, Deng X, Shen B. Melittin inhibits tumor growth and decreases resistance to gemcitabine by downregulating cholesterol pathway gene CLU in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:1-9. [PMID: 28428074 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melittin is a Chinese traditional medicine for treating chronic inflammation, immunological diseases and cancers, however, the efficacy of melittin and its mechanism for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are still unknown. Here we investigated the anti-cancer activity of melittin and its regulated mechanism(s) in the PDAC models. Melittin was found to suppress tumor growth by promoting cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Interestingly, the microarray analyses demonstrated that melittin significantly regulated cholesterol biosynthesis pathway during treatment. For instance, the cholesterol pathway gene clusterin (CLU) was highly downregulated by melittin which also enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC cells by inhibiting CLU expression. In contrast, overexpression of CLU significantly diminished melittin mediated tumor suppression and gemcitabine sensitization, suggesting that CLU is the target of melittin. Furthermore, in the xenograft mouse model, the combination therapy of melittin and gemcitabine is more efficacious for inhibiting PDAC tumor growth than either single regimen. Taken together, our study has indicated that melittin is capable of suppressing tumor growth and promoting gemcitabine sensitivity in PDAC by downregulating cholesterol pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongxiong Lu
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlei Wen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Huo
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xie
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Zheng J, Lee HL, Ham YW, Song HS, Song MJ, Hong JT. Anti-cancer effect of bee venom on colon cancer cell growth by activation of death receptors and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44437-51. [PMID: 26561202 PMCID: PMC4792567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat arthritis, rheumatism, back pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases. However, the effects of BV on the colon cancer and their action mechanisms have not been reported yet. We used cell viability assay and soft agar colony formation assay for testing cell viability, electro mobility shift assay for detecting DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Western blotting assay for detection of apoptosis regulatory proteins. We found that BV inhibited growth of colon cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. We also found that the expression of death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, p53, p21, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9 was increased by BV treatment in a dose dependent manner (0–5 μg/ml). Consistent with cancer cell growth inhibition, the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also inhibited by BV treatment. Besides, we found that BV blocked NF-κB activation by directly binding to NF-κB p50 subunit. Moreover, combination treatment with BV and p50 siRNA or NF-κB inhibitor augmented BV-induced cell growth inhibition. However, p50 mutant plasmid (C62S) transfection partially abolished BV-induced cell growth inhibiton. In addition, BV significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, these results suggested that BV could inhibit colon cancer cell growth, and these anti-proliferative effects may be related to the induction of apoptosis by activation of DR4 and DR5 and inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84508, USA
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii 461-701, South Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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27
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Application of bee venom and its main constituent melittin for cancer treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:1113-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Chemical characterization, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of bee venom collected in Northeast Portugal. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chaisakul J, Hodgson WC, Kuruppu S, Prasongsook N. Effects of Animal Venoms and Toxins on Hallmarks of Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1571-8. [PMID: 27471574 PMCID: PMC4964142 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are a cocktail of proteins and peptides, targeting vital physiological processes. Venoms have evolved to assist in the capture and digestion of prey. Key venom components often include neurotoxins, myotoxins, cardiotoxins, hematoxins and catalytic enzymes. The pharmacological activities of venom components have been investigated as a source of potential therapeutic agents. Interestingly, a number of animal toxins display profound anticancer effects. These include toxins purified from snake, bee and scorpion venoms effecting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptotic activity and neovascularization. Indeed, the mechanism behind the anticancer effect of certain toxins is similar to that of agents currently used in chemotherapy. For example, Lebein is a snake venom disintegrin which generates anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this review article, we highlight the biological activities of animal toxins on the multiple steps of tumour formation or hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss recent progress in the discovery of lead compounds for anticancer drug development from venom components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeyuth Chaisakul
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.; 3. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naiyarat Prasongsook
- 4. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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30
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XIA LIJIE, WU YANLING, MA JI, YANG JIANHUA, ZHANG FUCHUN. The antibacterial peptide from Bombyx mori cecropinXJ induced growth arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:57-62. [PMID: 27347099 PMCID: PMC4906808 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CecropinXJ is a cationic antimicrobial peptide originally isolated from the larvae of Bombyx mori. The anticancer effect of cecropinXJ has been reported in various tumor cells, including leukemia, gastric and esophageal cancer cells. However, the activity of cecropinXJ on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying mechanism have not been investigated to date. Therefore, the present study investigated the efficacy and associated mechanism of cecropinXJ in Huh-7 cells. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the presence of cell cycle arrested and apoptotic cells. CecropinXJ significantly inhibited the growth of Huh-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. CecropinXJ treatment for 24 h induced S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, in addition to loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, in hepatoma cells. CecropinXJ induced HCC cell apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, cecropinXJ downregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), while upregulated the expression of Bcl-2-associated death promoter and Bcl-2-associated X protein. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that cecropinXJ may be an active anti-HCC agent and provide novel insights into the mechanism of cecropinXJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- LIJIE XIA
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - YANLING WU
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - JI MA
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - JIANHUA YANG
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, TX 77030, USA
| | - FUCHUN ZHANG
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
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Liu M, Wang H, Liu L, Wang B, Sun G. Melittin-MIL-2 fusion protein as a candidate for cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2016; 14:155. [PMID: 27246873 PMCID: PMC4888606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine fusion protein that modulates the immune response holds great potential for cancer immunotherapy. IL-2 is an effective treatment against advanced cancers. However, the therapeutic efficacy of IL-2 is limited by severe systemic toxicity. Several mutants recombinant IL-2 can increase antitumor activity and minimize systemic toxicity. Melittin is an attractive anticancer candidate because of its wide-spectrum lytic properties. We previously generated a bifunctional fusion protein melittin-MIL-2, composed of melittin and a mutant IL-2. The melittin-MIL-2 inhibited the growth of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. However, whether this antitumor effect could also be used in cancer immunotherapy was unknown. To assess its cancer immunotherapy potential, we further investigated its more effective antitumor immune response and antitumor effect against cancers of different tissue origins in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The specific IL-2 activity of the melittin-MIL-2 fusion protein was tested on the cytokine growth dependent cell line CTLL-2. The cytolytic activity was detected by standard 4-h (51)Cr-release assays. PBMC stimulation in response to the melittin-MIL-2 was determined by IFN-γ release assay. We observed the cancer cell proliferation of different tissue origins by MTT assay. The ability of melittin-MIL-2 to inhibit tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by using human liver (SMMC-7721 cancer cells), lung (A549 cancer cells) and ovarian (SKOV3 cancer cells) cancer xenograft models. To assess the immunity within the tumor microenvironment, the level of some cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-4 was analyzed by ELISA. We injected the MDA-MB-231 cells and the melittin-MIL-2 into mice, and the anti-metastatic effect was examined by counting nodules in the lung. RESULTS The melittin-MIL-2 was more effective in inducing T cell and NK-cell cytotoxicity. The fusion protein significantly increased IFN-γ production in PBMCs. In vitro, the melittin-MIL-2 mediated immune cells killing or directly killed the cancer cell lines of different tissue origins. In vivo, the fusion protein exhibited stronger inhibition on the growth of transplanted human tumors compared to rIL-2. The melittin-MIL-2 treatment promoted the IFN-γ secretion in tumor tissues and decreased the immunosuppressive cells in vivo. Furthermore, the fusion protein reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the evidence that the melittin-MIL-2 can produce stronger immune stimulation and antitumor effects, and the fusion protein is a potent candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Preparation and Characterization of Gelonin-Melittin Fusion Biotoxin for Synergistically Enhanced Anti-Tumor Activity. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2218-2228. [PMID: 27251414 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the applicability of fusion biotoxins combining pore-forming toxins (PFTs) and ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) for the anti-cancer treatment. METHODS Membrane active PFTs tend to destabilize cell membranes of tumor cells, but lack a warhead inducing significant cause of cell death. Cell-impermeable RIPs possess a powerful warhead, yet not able to enter the tumor cells. To address these challenges for anti-tumor effects, we introduced a fusion strategy of conjugating melittin (a PFT) and gelonin (a type 1 RIP) via chemical and recombinant methods, followed by in vitro assays and in vivo animal studies. RESULTS In vitro characterization results confirmed that the chimeric gelonin-melittin fusion proteins retained equivalent intrinsic activity to that of unmodified gelonin in inhibiting protein translation. However, chemically conjugated gelonin-melittin (cGel-Mel) and recombinant chimeric gelonin-melittin fusion (rGel-Mel) exhibited greater cell uptake, yielding a significantly enhanced cytotoxic activity over treatment of gelonin, melittin or physical mixture of gelonin and melittin. Remarkably, cGel-Mel and rGel-Mel displayed 32- and 10-fold lower IC50 than gelonin in the cell lines. The superior anti-tumor efficacy of multivalent cGel-Mel to monovalent rGel-Mel suggested that valency could be a crucial factor for the extent of melittin-mediated cell uptake. Tumoricidal effects observed from animal studies were in good accordance with our findings from the cellular assays. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully demonstrated that fusion of biotoxins could provide a simple yet effective way to synergistically augment their anti-tumor activity.
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Kong GM, Tao WH, Diao YL, Fang PH, Wang JJ, Bo P, Qian F. Melittin induces human gastric cancer cell apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3186-3195. [PMID: 27003995 PMCID: PMC4789993 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the apoptotic effects of melittin on SGC-7901 cells via activation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway in vitro.
METHODS: SGC-7901 cells were stimulated by melittin, and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, morphologic structure with transmission electron microscopy, annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining assay, measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, and analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytochrome C (Cyt C), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (Endo G), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/direct IAP binding protein with low isoelectric point (Diablo), and FAS were analyzed by western blot. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was measured using activity assay kits.
RESULTS: Melittin was incubated at 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 μg/mL for 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h and showed a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of SGC-7901 cell growth. Melittin induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by typical morphological changes. Treatment with 4 μg/mL melittin induced early apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, and the early apoptosis rates were 39.97% ± 3.19%, 59.27% ± 3.94%, and 71.50% ± 2.87% vs 32.63% ± 2.75% for 1, 2, and 4 h vs 0 h (n = 3, P < 0.05); the ROS levels were 616.53% ± 79.78%, 974.81% ± 102.40%, and 1330.94% ± 93.09% vs 603.74% ± 71.99% (n = 3, P < 0.05); the MMP values were 2.07 ± 0.05, 1.78 ± 0.29, and 1.16 ± 0.25 vs 2.55 ± 0.42 (n = 3, P < 0.05); caspase-3 activity was significantly higher compared to the control (5492.3 ± 321.1, 6562.0 ± 381.3, and 8695.7 ± 449.1 vs 2330.0 ± 121.9), but the caspase activity of the non-tumor cell line L-O2 was not different from that of the control. With the addition of the caspase-3 inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO), caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased compared to the control group (1067.0 ± 132.5 U/g vs 8695.7 ± 449.1 U/g). The expression of the Cyt C, Endo G, and AIF proteins in SGC-7901 cells was significantly higher than those in the control (P < 0.05), while the expression of the Smac/Diablo protein was significantly lower than the control group after melittin exposure (P < 0.01). Ac-DEVD-CHO did not, however, have any effect on the expression of caspase-8 and FAS in the SGC-7901 cells.
CONCLUSION: Melittin can induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer (GC) cells through the mitochondria pathways, and it may be a potent agent in the treatment of human GC.
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Peng T, Li D, Xu J. Melittin suppresses cathepsin S-induced invasion and angiogenesis via blocking of the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2/MEK1/ERK1/2 pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:610-618. [PMID: 26870255 PMCID: PMC4727048 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin, a significant constituent of Apis mellifera (honeybee) venom, is a water-soluble toxic peptide that has traditionally been used as an antitumor agent. However, the underlying mechanisms by which it inhibits tumor cell growth and angiogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, screening for increased cathepsin S (Cat S) expression levels was performed in MHCC97-H cells and various other hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. A pcDNA3.1-small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-Cat S vector was stably transfected into MHCC97-H cells (shRNA/MHCC97-H) in order to knockdown the expression of Cat S. The effects resulting from the inhibition of Cat S-induced proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis by melittin were examined using cell proliferation, cell viability, flat plate colony formation, migration, wound healing, Transwell migration and ELISA assays. In order to substantiate the evidence for melittin-mediated inhibition of Cat S-induced angiogenesis, Cat S RNA was transfected into primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Cat S-HUVECs) to induce overexpression of the Cat S gene. The effects of melittin on HUVECs were examined using Transwell migration and tube formation assays. The findings demonstrated that melittin was able to significantly suppress MHCC97-H cell (Mock/MHCC97-H) proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, as well as capillary tube formation of Cat S-HUVECs, in a dose-dependent manner. However, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in shRNA/MHCC97-H and in native HUVECs (Mock-HUVECs) were unaffected. In addition, melittin specifically decreased the expression of phosphorylated (activated) Cat S, and components of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway in Mock/MHCC97-H cells. In conclusion, the inhibition of tumor cell growth and anti-angiogenic activity exerted by melittin may be associated with anti-Cat S actions, via the inhibition of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2/MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Wang D, Hu L, Su M, Wang J, Xu T. Preparation and functional characterization of human vascular endothelial growth factor-melittin fusion protein with analysis of the antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1160-8. [PMID: 26166416 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its tyrosine kinase receptors have been identified as key mediators of the regulation of pathologic blood vessel growth and maintenance in the promotion of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Therefore, an alternative approach to destroying tumor endothelium would be to make this tissue particularly sensitive to VEGF-mediated drug delivery. To verify this hypothesis, we generated a protein containing VEGF165 fused to melittin. Melittin is a small linear peptide composed of 26 amino acid residues that can exert toxic or inhibitory effects on many types of tumor cells. This protein is a cytolytic peptide that attacks lipid membranes, leading to significant toxicity. In the present study, the Pichia pastoris expression system was used to express the fusion protein. Under optimal conditions, stable VEGF165-melittin production was achieved using a series of purification steps. The activity of VEGF165-melittin fusion protein was compared with melittin for its ability to suppress the growth of tumor cell line in vitro. The fusion toxin selectively inhibited growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cell line with high expression of VEGFR-2. We found that sensitivity of VEGFR-2 transfected 293 cells to VEGF165-melittin enhanced as the cellular VEGFR-2 density increased. In an in vivo initial experiment, the fusion protein inhibited tumor growth in xenografts assays. Furthermore, successful expression and characterization of the fusion protein demonstrated its efficacy for use as a novel treatment strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Bio-pharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ju Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-engineering Medicine (National Engineering Research Centre of Genetic Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Moreno M, Giralt E. Three valuable peptides from bee and wasp venoms for therapeutic and biotechnological use: melittin, apamin and mastoparan. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1126-50. [PMID: 25835385 PMCID: PMC4417959 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While knowledge of the composition and mode of action of bee and wasp venoms dates back 50 years, the therapeutic value of these toxins remains relatively unexploded. The properties of these venoms are now being studied with the aim to design and develop new therapeutic drugs. Far from evaluating the extensive number of monographs, journals and books related to bee and wasp venoms and the therapeutic effect of these toxins in numerous diseases, the following review focuses on the three most characterized peptides, namely melittin, apamin, and mastoparan. Here, we update information related to these compounds from the perspective of applied science and discuss their potential therapeutic and biotechnological applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Moreno
- Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri i Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri i Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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37
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CecropinXJ inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer BGC823 cells and induces cell death in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2181-93. [PMID: 25826779 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cecropinXJ isolated from the larvae of Bombyx mori selectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the mechanism remains to be determined. In the present study, we examined the antitumor activity of cecropinXJ against human gastric cancer BGC823 cells and explored the mechanism. The results showed that cecropinXJ inhibited the growth of gastric cancer BGC823 cells in vitro and in vivo. MTT and colony formation assays indicated that cecropinXJ suppressed cell proliferation and reduced colony formation of BGC823 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but without inhibitory effect on normal gastric epithelia GES-1 cells. S-phase arrest in BGC823 cells was observed after treatment with cecropinXJ. Annexin V/PI staining suggested that cecropinXJ induced both early and late phases of apoptosis through activation of mitochondrial-mediated caspase pathway, upregulation of Bax expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, cecropinXJ treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and led to release of cytochrome c. Importantly, in vivo study showed that cecropinXJ significantly prevented the growth of xenograft tumor in the BGC823-bearing mice, possibly mediated by the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. These results suggest that cecropinXJ may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Abstract
Melittin is a major active component of bee venom, and it exhibits strong biological activity. Recent reports have demonstrated that melittin has anti-tumor effects on many kinds of tumor cells through direct interaction with cell transduction mediators and influencing cellular signaling pathways, induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death, and inhibition of growth and proliferationin vivo or in vitro. Nanotechnology and genetic engineering provide technical support to the safe and targeted delivery of melittin to the body. This review summarizes recent findings on the anti-tumor potential of melittin in tumors of different types.
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Wu D, Gao Y, Qi Y, Chen L, Ma Y, Li Y. Peptide-based cancer therapy: opportunity and challenge. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:13-22. [PMID: 24836189 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional cancer therapies mainly focus on mass cell killing without high specificity and often cause severe side effects and toxicities. Peptides are a novel class of anticancer agents that could specifically target cancer cells with lower toxicity to normal tissues, which will offer new opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment. Anticancer peptides face several therapeutic challenges. In this review, we present the sources and mechanisms of anticancer peptides and further discuss modification strategies to improve the anticancer effects of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Lixiang Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
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Wang PY, Sun YX, Zhang S, Pang M, Zhang HH, Gao SY, Zhang C, Lv CJ, Xie SY. Let-7c inhibits A549 cell proliferation through oncogenic TRIB2 related factors. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2675-81. [PMID: 23850892 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have tumor suppressive or oncogenic roles in carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of let-7c in suppressing lung cancer cell proliferation. First, let-7c was revealed to be able to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation significantly. TRIB2 was further demonstrated to be a novel target and negatively regulated by let-7c. As downstream signals of TRIB2, the activities of C/EBP-α and phosphorylated p38MAPK were increased obviously in let-7c-treated cells compared with controls. Our results demonstrate that, through regulating the expression of TRIB2 and its downstream factors, let-7c can effectively inhibit A549 cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, YanTai, ShanDong 264003, PR China
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