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Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Siqueira CS, Dos Santos VS, Carollo CA, Damasceno-Junior GA. Unraveling the adaptive chemical traits of Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reissek in response to fire in pantanal wetlands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11860. [PMID: 37481615 PMCID: PMC10363117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study on the effects of fire on Rhamnidium elaeocarpum, a widely distributed woody species found in the Pantanal wetlands, using LC-MS metabolomics, total phenolic and tannin content analysis, and thermogravimetric behavior. We sampled individuals from four groups: No Fire, Fire 2019, Fire 2020, and APD 20 (individuals whose aerial parts had died during the 2020 fire event). We found that recent fires had no significant impact on the species' phenolic metabolism except for those in the fourth group. These specimens showed a decline in secondary metabolites due to leaching. The high levels of phenolics in R. elaeocarpum suggest that this species has a biochemical tolerance to the stress caused by seasonal fires. Metabolomic profiling revealed the presence of proanthocyanidin oligomers, which protect against oxidative stress and post-fire environmental disturbances. However, the passage of fire also led to a high incidence of toxic karwinaphthopyranone derivatives, which could be a concern for the species' medicinal use. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the species is thermotolerant, with an intrinsic relationship between the secondary compounds and thermotolerance. Our research has deepened the comprehension of how fire affects the metabolic processes of woody plants. The challenge now lies in determining if the identified chemical changes are adaptive characteristics that evolved over time or merely transient responses to external environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Sório Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Faculdade Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Samúdio Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Faculdade Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Faculdade Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Awale S, Baba H, Phan ND, Kim MJ, Maneenet J, Sawaki K, Kanda M, Okumura T, Fujii T, Okada T, Maruyama T, Okada T, Toyooka N. Targeting Pancreatic Cancer with Novel Plumbagin Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Mechanism, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37257133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors grow in an "austerity" tumor microenvironment characterized by nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. This leads to the activation of adaptive pathways in pancreatic cancer cells, promoting tolerance to nutrition starvation and aggressive malignancy. Conventional anticancer drugs are often ineffective against tumors that grow in such austerity condition. Plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone, has shown potent preferential cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions. Therefore, we synthesized a series of plumbagin derivatives and found that 2-(cyclohexylmethyl)-plumbagin (3f) was the most promising compound with a PC50 value of 0.11 μM. Mechanistically, 3f was found to inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, leading to cancer cell death under nutrient-deprived conditions. In vivo studies using pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models confirmed the efficacy of 3f, demonstrating significant inhibition of tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 3f represents a highly promising lead for anticancer drug development based on an antiausterity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nguyen Duy Phan
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Juthamart Maneenet
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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New secondary metabolites with immunosuppressive and BChE inhibitory activities from an endophytic fungus Daldinia sp. TJ403-LS1. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105091. [PMID: 34153809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five new acetylenic phenol derivatives (1-4 and 7), one new benzofuran derivative (8), one new naphthol derivative (9), and two known analogues (5 and 6), were isolated and identified from an endophytic fungus Daldinia sp. TJ403-LS1 that was isolated from the medicinally valuable plant Anoectochilus roxburghii. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In addition, compound 1 exhibited remarkable immunosuppressive activity against LPS and anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs activated murine splenocytes proliferation with the same IC50 values of 0.06 μM and BChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 6.93 ± 0.71 μM, and compounds 6, 8 and 9 showed excellent BChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 16.00 ± 0.30, 23.33 ± 0.55, and 15.53 ± 0.39 μM, respectively (positive drug neostigmine, IC50 = 49.60 ± 6.10 μM), highlighting the promising potentials to be designed and developed as immunosuppressive and BChE inhibitory agents.
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Jaramillo-Rangel G, Chávez-Briones MDL, Niderhauser-García A, Ortega-Martínez M. Toxicity and Anticancer Potential of Karwinskia: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235590. [PMID: 33261194 PMCID: PMC7730948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Karwinskia genus consists of shrubs and small trees. Four toxic compounds have been isolated from Karwinskia plants, which were typified as dimeric anthracenones and named T496, T514, T516, and T544. Moreover, several related compounds have been isolated and characterized. Here we review the toxicity of the fruit of Karwinskia plants when ingested (accidentally or experimentally), as well as the toxicity of its isolated compounds. Additionally, we analyze the probable antineoplastic effect of T514. Toxins cause damage mainly to nervous system, liver, lung, and kidney. The pathophysiological mechanism has not been fully understood but includes metabolic and structural alterations that can lead cells to apoptosis or necrosis. T514 has shown selective toxicity in vitro against human cancer cells. T514 causes selective and irreversible damage to peroxisomes; for this reason, it was renamed peroxisomicine A1 (PA1). Since a significant number of malignant cell types contain fewer peroxisomes than normal cells, tumor cells would be more easily destroyed by PA1 than healthy cells. Inhibition of topoisomerase II has also been suggested to play a role in the effect of PA1 on malignant cells. More research is needed, but the evidence obtained so far indicates that PA1 could be an effective anticancer agent.
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Sánchez-Cruz N, Pilón-Jiménez BA, Medina-Franco JL. Functional group and diversity analysis of BIOFACQUIM: A Mexican natural product database. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 32047598 PMCID: PMC6993822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21540.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural product databases are important in drug discovery and other research areas. An analysis of its structural content, as well as functional group occurrence, provides a useful overview, as well as a means of comparison with related databases. BIOFACQUIM is an emerging database of natural products characterized and isolated in Mexico. Herein, we discuss the results of a first systematic functional group analysis and global diversity of an updated version of BIOFACQUIM. Methods: BIOFACQUIM was augmented through a literature search and data curation. A structural content analysis of the dataset was performed. This involved a functional group analysis with a novel algorithm to automatically identify all functional groups in a molecule and an assessment of the global diversity using consensus diversity plots. To this end, BIOFACQUIM was compared to two major and large databases: ChEMBL 25, and a herein assembled collection of natural products with 169,839 unique compounds. Results: The structural content analysis showed that 15.7% of compounds and 11.6% of scaffolds present in the current version of BIOFACQUIM have not been reported in the other large reference datasets. It also gave a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and molecular fingerprints regarding the previous version of the dataset, as well as a higher similarity to the assembled collection of natural products than to ChEMBL 25, in terms of diversity and frequent functional groups. Conclusions: A total of 148 natural products were added to BIOFACQUIM, which meant a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and fingerprints. Regardless of its relatively small size, there are a significant number of compounds and scaffolds that are not present in the reference datasets, showing that curated databases of natural products, such as BIOFACQUIM, can serve as a starting point to increase the biologically relevant chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Sánchez-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - B Angélica Pilón-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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Sánchez-Cruz N, Pilón-Jiménez BA, Medina-Franco JL. Functional group and diversity analysis of BIOFACQUIM: A Mexican natural product database. F1000Res 2019; 8:Chem Inf Sci-2071. [PMID: 32047598 PMCID: PMC6993822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21540.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural product databases are important in drug discovery and other research areas. Their structural contents and functional group analysis are relevant to increase their knowledge in terms of chemical diversity and chemical space coverage. BIOFACQUIM is an emerging database of natural products characterized and isolated in Mexico. Herein, we discuss the results of a first systematic functional group analysis and global diversity of an updated version of BIOFACQUIM. Methods: BIOFACQUIM was augmented through a literature search and data curation. A structural content analysis of the dataset was done. This involved a functional group analysis with a novel algorithm to identify automatically all functional groups in a molecule and an assessment of the global diversity using consensus diversity plots. To this end, BIOFACQUIM was compared to two major and large databases: ChEMBL 25, and a herein assembled collection of natural products with 169,839 unique compounds. Results: The structural content analysis showed that 16.1% of compounds, 11.3% of scaffolds, and 6.3% of functional groups present in the current version of BIOFACQUIM have not been reported in the other large reference datasets. It also gave a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and molecular fingerprints regarding the previous version of the dataset, as well as a higher similarity to the assembled collection of natural products than to ChEMBL 25, in terms of diversity and frequent functional groups. Conclusions: A total of 148 natural products were added to BIOFACQUIM, which meant a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and fingerprints. Regardless of its relatively small size, there are a significant number of compounds, scaffolds, and functional groups that are not present in the reference datasets, showing that curated databases of natural products, such as BIOFACQUIM, can serve as a starting point to increase the biologically relevant chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Sánchez-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - B. Angélica Pilón-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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Munive L, Gómez-Calvario V, Olivo HF. Manganese triacetate oxidation of methyl 1-hydroxy-2-naphthalene carboxylates. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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