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Singh SB. Discovery, synthesis, activities, structure-activity relationships, and clinical development of combretastatins and analogs as anticancer drugs. A comprehensive review. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:298-322. [PMID: 38009216 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1982 to up to the end of 2022Bioassay guided purification of the extracts of Combretum caffrum led to the discovery of six series of combretastatins A-D with cytotoxic activities ranging from sub nM to >50 μM ED50's against a wide variety of cancer cell lines. Of these, cis-stilbenes combretastatins A-4 and A-1 were the most potent, exhibiting in vivo efficacy against a wide variety of tumor types in murine models. These antimitotic agents inhibited tubulin polymerization by reversibly binding to the colchicine binding sites. They inhibited tumor growth by a novel antivascular and antineogenesis mechanism in which they stopped blood flows to the blood vessels causing necrosis. Over 20 clinical trials of the phosphate prodrugs of combretastatin A-4 (CA4P) and A-1 (CA1P) showed objective and stable responses against many tumor types, with increased survival times of many patients along with the confirmed cure of certain patients inflicted with anaplastic thyroid cancers. Medicinal chemistry efforts led to the identification of three new leads (AVE8062, BNC105P, SCB01A) with improved in vitro and in vivo potency and an often-improved cellular spectrum. Unfortunately, these preclinical improvements did not translate clinically in any meaningful way. Objectively, CA4P remained the best compound and has garnered many Orphan drug designations by FDA. Clinical trials with tumor genetic mapping, particularly from previous responders, may help boost the success of these compounds in future studies. A comprehensive review of combretastatin series A-D, including bioassay guided discovery, total syntheses, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, biological and mechanistic studies, and preclinical and clinical evaluations of the isolated combretastatins and analogs, along with the personal perspective of the author who originated this project, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- Charles A Dana Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti (RISE), Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
- SBS Pharma Consulting LLC, Edison, NJ 08820, USA
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2
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Nainwal LM, Alam MM, Shaquiquzzaman M, Marella A, Kamal A. Combretastatin-based compounds with therapeutic characteristics: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:703-731. [PMID: 31369715 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1651841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Combretastatins represent a potent class of phenolic-stilbene natural products that function as colchicine binding site inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and have been advanced as promising anticancer lead compounds. Among them, combretastatin A-4 is the most potent lead molecule due to its broad spectrum cytotoxicity against a variety of tumors. However, low water solubility due to its high lipophilic nature and inter-conversion of olefinic double bond from more active cis to less active trans-conformation poses limitations to its clinical utility. However, different approaches including prodrugs, salt formations, structural modifications, prevention of inter-conversion of the olefinic bond and changes to the substitution pattern on the rings of combretastatin A-4 were investigated and successfully resulted in different combretastatin-based molecules that demonstrated varying levels of potency against different types of tumors during their in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Areas covered: This review covers the patents over a period of 2008-2018. Expert opinion: Molecular hybridization and prodrug designing imparted multi-targeted actions to combretastatin derivatives. Currently, various combretastatin derivatives are under clinical trials. These derivatives could be used to treat disorders other than cancer, due to their vascular disrupting action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Akranth Marella
- Regulatory Affairs Division, Genpact India Pvt Ltd , Mumbai , India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , New Delhi , India
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Maguire CJ, Carlson GJ, Ford JW, Strecker TE, Hamel E, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of structurally diverse α-conformationally restricted chalcones and related analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1445-1456. [PMID: 31534659 PMCID: PMC6734540 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous members of the combretastatin and chalcone families of natural products function as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization through a binding interaction at the colchicine site on β-tubulin. These molecular scaffolds inspired the development of many structurally modified derivatives and analogues as promising anticancer agents. A productive design blueprint that involved molecular hybridization of the pharmacophore moieties of combretastatin A-4 (CA4) and the chalcones led to the discovery of two promising lead molecules referred to as KGP413 and SD400. The corresponding water-soluble phosphate prodrug salts of KGP413 and SD400 selectively damaged tumor-associated vasculature, thus highlighting the potential development of these molecules as vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). These previous studies prompted our current investigation of conformationally restricted chalcones. Herein, we report the synthesis of cyclic chalcones and related analogues that incorporate structural motifs of CA4, and evaluation of their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines [NCI-H460 (lung), DU-145 (prostate), and SK-OV-3 (ovarian)]. While these molecules proved inactive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50 > 20 μM), eight molecules demonstrated good antiproliferative activity (GI50 < 20 μM) against all three cancer cell lines, and compounds 2j and 2l demonstrated sub-micromolar cytotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge these molecules represent the most potent (based on GI50) cyclic chalcones known to date, and are promising lead molecules for continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Maguire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798-7348 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (254) 710 4117
| | - Graham J Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798-7348 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (254) 710 4117
| | - Jacob W Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798-7348 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (254) 710 4117
| | - Tracy E Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798-7348 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (254) 710 4117
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch , Developmental Therapeutics Program , Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis , National Cancer Institute , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Institutes of Health , Frederick , MD 21702 , USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798-7348 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (254) 710 4117
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798-7348 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (254) 710 4117
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BODIPY-derived ratiometric fluorescent sensors: pH-regulated aggregation-induced emission and imaging application in cellular acidification triggered by crystalline silica exposure. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Zefirov NA, Zefirova ON. Heterocycles as classical and nonclassical ring B isosters in combretastatin A-4. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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6
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of a new group of heterocyclic analogues of the combretastatins. Molecules 2014; 19:7881-900. [PMID: 24962392 PMCID: PMC6270788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new analogs of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 1) with the A or B-ring replaced by a 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurocoumarin or a furocoumarin residue have been designed and synthesized by employing a cross-coupling approach. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity with respect to model cancer cell lines (CEM-13, MT-4, U-937) using conventional MTT assays. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that compounds 2, 3, 6–8 in which the (Z)-styryl substituent was connected to the 2-position of the 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrofurocoumarin core, demonstrated increased potency compared to 3-(Z)-styrylfurocoumarins 4, 5, 9–11. The methoxy-, hydroxyl- and formyl- substitution on the aromatic ring of the (Z)-styryl moiety seems to play an important role in this class of compounds. Compounds 2 and 3 showed the best potency against the CEM-13 cell lines, with CTD50 values ranging from 4.9 to 5.1 μM. In comparison with CA-4, all synthesized compounds presented moderate cytotoxic activity to the T-cellular human leucosis cells MT-4 and lymphoblastoid leukemia cells CEM-13, but most of them were active in the human monocyte cell lines U-937.
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Jedhe GS, Paul D, Gonnade RG, Santra MK, Hamel E, Nguyen TL, Sanjayan GJ. Correlation of hydrogen-bonding propensity and anticancer profile of tetrazole-tethered combretastatin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4680-4. [PMID: 23809851 PMCID: PMC3774141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-tethered combretastatin analogues with extended hydrogen-bond donors at the ortho-positions of the aryl A and B rings were developed and evaluated for their antitubulin and antiproliferative activity. We wanted to test whether intramolecular hydrogen-bonding used as a conformational locking element in these analogues would improve their activity. The correlation of crystal structures with the antitubulin and antiproliferative profiles of the modified analogues suggested that hydrogen-bond-mediated conformational control of the A ring is deleterious to the bioactivity. In contrast, although there was no clear evidence that intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the B ring enhanced activity, we found that increased substitution on the B ring had a positive effect on antitubulin and antiproliferative activity. Among the various analogues synthesized, compounds 5d and 5e, having hydrogen-bonding donor groups at the ortho and meta-positions on the 4-methoxy phenyl B ring, are strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and antiproliferative agents having IC50 value in micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh S. Jedhe
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Manas K. Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Tam Luong Nguyen
- Target Structure-Based Drug Discovery Group, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Gangadhar J. Sanjayan
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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Aprile S, Zaninetti R, Del Grosso E, Genazzani AA, Grosa G. Metabolic fate of combretastatin A-1: LC-DAD-MS/MS investigation and biological evaluation of its reactive metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 78-79:233-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Zaninetti R, Cortese SV, Aprile S, Massarotti A, Canonico PL, Sorba G, Grosa G, Genazzani AA, Pirali T. A Concise Synthesis of Pyrazole Analogues of Combretastatin A1 as Potent Anti-Tubulin Agents. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:633-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Lipeeva AV, Shul’ts EE, Shakirov MM, Tolstikov GA. Synthesis of (Z)-styrylfurocoumarins as the heterocyclic analogues of combretastatins. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500812120038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Increased endothelial cell selectivity of triazole-bridged dihalogenated A-ring analogues of combretastatin A–1. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1749-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Serial monitoring of human systemic and xenograft models of leukemia using a novel vascular disrupting agent. Leukemia 2012; 26:1771-8. [PMID: 22343591 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of acute leukemia have resulted in significantly improved remission rates, although disease relapse poses a significant risk. By utilizing sensitive, non-invasive imaging guidance, detection of early leukemic infiltration and the extent of residual tumor burden after targeted therapy can be expedited, leading to more efficient treatment planning. We demonstrated marked survival benefit and therapeutic efficacy of a new-generation vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin-A1-diphosphate (OXi4503), using reporter gene-imaging technologies and mice systemically administered luc+ and GFP+ human leukemic cells (LCs). Before treatment, homing of double-transduced cells was serially monitored and whole-body cellular distributions were mapped using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Imaging findings strongly correlated with quantitative GFP expression levels in solid organs/tissues, suggesting that the measured BLI signal provides a highly sensitive and reliable biomarker of tumor tissue burden in systemic leukemic models. Such optical technologies can thereby serve as robust non-invasive imaging tools for preclinical drug discovery and for rapidly screening promising therapeutic agents to establish potency, treatment efficacy and survival advantage. We further show that GFP+ HL-60 cells reside in close proximity to VE-cadherin- and CD31-expressing endothelial cells, suggesting that the perivascular niche may have a critical role in the maintenance and survival of LCs.
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of 1,2,3-triazole analogs of combretastatin A-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Tanpure RP, George CS, Sriram M, Strecker TE, Tidmore JK, Hamel E, Charlton-Sevcik AK, Chaplin DJ, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. An Amino-Benzosuberene Analogue That Inhibits Tubulin Assembly and Demonstrates Remarkable Cytotoxicity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012; 3:720-724. [PMID: 23772309 DOI: 10.1039/c2md00318j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of a small-molecule benzosuberene-based phenol that demonstrates remarkable picomolar cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines and strongly inhibits tubulin polymerization (1-2 µM) inspired the design and synthesis of a variety of new, structurally diverse benzosuberene derivatives. An efficient synthetic route to functionalized benzosuberenes was developed. This methodology utilized a Wittig reaction, followed by a selective alkene reduction and ring-closing cyclization to form the core benzosuberone structure. This synthetic route facilitated the preparation of a 6-nitro-1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl) benzosuberene derivative and its corresponding 6-amino analogue in good yield. The 6-amino analogue was a strong inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (1.2 µM), demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines examined (GI50 = 33 pM against SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer, for example), and exhibited a concentration dependent disruption of a pre-established capillary-like network of tubules formed from human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas, 76798-7348, United States
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Tanpure RP, Nguyen BL, Strecker TE, Aguirre S, Sharma S, Chaplin DJ, Siim BG, Hamel E, Lippert JW, Pettit GR, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Regioselective synthesis of water-soluble monophosphate derivatives of combretastatin A-1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1568-1574. [PMID: 21718055 PMCID: PMC3275140 DOI: 10.1021/np200104t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The natural products combretastatin A-4 (CA4) and combretastatin A-1 (CA1) are potent cancer vascular disrupting agents and inhibitors of tubulin assembly (IC₅₀ = 1-2 μM). The phosphorylated prodrugs CA4P and CA1P are undergoing human clinical trials against cancer. CA1 is unique due to its incorporation of a vicinal phenol, which has afforded the opportunity to prepare both diphosphate and regioisomeric monophosphate derivatives. Here, we describe the first synthetic routes suitable for the regiospecific preparation of the CA1-monophosphates CA1MPA (8a/b) and CA1MPB (4a/b). The essential regiochemistry necessary to distinguish between the two vicinal phenolic groups was accomplished with a tosyl protecting group strategy. Each of the four monophosphate analogues (including Z and E isomers) demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines comparable to their corresponding diphosphate congeners. Furthermore, Z-CA1MPA (8a) and Z-CA1MPB (4a) were inactive as inhibitors of tubulin assembly (IC₅₀ > 40 μM), as anticipated in this pure protein assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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Soussi MA, Aprile S, Messaoudi S, Provot O, Del Grosso E, Bignon J, Dubois J, Brion JD, Grosa G, Alami M. The Metabolic Fate of isoCombretastatin A-4 in Human Liver Microsomes: Identification, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Metabolites. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1781-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Shopsowitz K, Lelj F, MacLachlan MJ. Regioselectivity in the Nitration of Dialkoxybenzenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1285-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102113t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shopsowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Francesco Lelj
- La.M.I. and LaSCAMM INSTM Sezione Basilicata, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, Via dellʼAteneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Edwards DJ, Hadfield JA, Wallace TW, Ducki S. Tubulin-binding dibenz[c,e]oxepines as colchinol analogues for targeting tumour vasculature. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:219-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Schobert R, Biersack B, Dietrich A, Effenberger K, Knauer S, Mueller T. 4-(3-Halo/amino-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-aryloxazoles and -N-methylimidazoles That Are Cytotoxic against Combretastatin A Resistant Tumor Cells and Vascular Disrupting in a Cisplatin Resistant Germ Cell Tumor Model. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Katharina Effenberger
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Knauer
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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Tanpure RP, Strecker TE, Chaplin DJ, Siim BG, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Regio- and stereospecific synthesis of mono-beta-d-glucuronic acid derivatives of combretastatin A-1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1093-1101. [PMID: 20496923 DOI: 10.1021/np100108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic routes have been established for the preparation of regio- and stereoisomerically pure samples of the mono-beta-d-glucuronic acid derivatives of combretastatin A-1, referred to as CA1G1 (5a) and CA1G2 (6a). Judicious choice of protecting groups for the catechol ring was required for the regiospecific introduction of the glucuronic acid moiety. The tosyl group proved advantageous in this regard. The two monoglucuronic acid analogues demonstrate low cytotoxicity (compared to CA1, 2) against selected human cancer cell lines, with CA1G1 being slightly more potent than CA1G2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA
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Yamashita K, Masuda A, Hoshino Y, Komatsu S, Numazawa M. Assay of labile estrogen o-quinones, potent carcinogenic molecular species, by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with phenazine derivatization. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 119:141-8. [PMID: 20188833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective assay method for labile estrogen o-quinones, estrone (E(1))-2,3-quinone (Q), E(1)-3,4-Q, estradiol (E(2))-2,3-Q and E(2)-3,4-Q, based on the use of phenazine (Phz) derivatization with o-phenylenediamine and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was described. The Phz derivatives of four estrogen o-quinones were purified by solid phase extraction and analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The protonated molecule was observed as a base peak for all Phz derivatives in their ESI-mass spectra (positive mode). In multiple reaction monitoring, the transition from [M+H]+ to m/z 231 was chosen for quantification. Calibration curves for the o-quinones were obtained using standard catechol estrogens after sodium metaperiodate treatment and Phz derivatization. Using this method, these four estrogen o-quinones were analyzed with the limit of quantification of 5 ng/ml in acetonitrile (MeCN)-blank matrix (1:4, v/v), respectively, on a basis of the weight of catechol estrogens. Assay accuracy and precision for four estrogen o-quinones were 89.6-113.0% and 3.1-12.6% (5, 125 and 2000 ng/ml in MeCN-blank matrix). Applications of this method enabled to determine the catalytic activities on hydroxylation and subsequent oxidation of E(1) and E(2) of Mushroom tyrosinase and rat liver microsomal fraction. It was confirmed by this method that tyrosinase exhibited 2- and 4-hydroxylation and further oxidation activities for catechols in the ring-A of estrogens. Whereas rat liver microsomal fraction possessed only 2- and 4-hydroxylation activities, and further oxidation activity for catechol estrogens was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouwa Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-Chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan.
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Pettit GR, Minardi MD, Hogan F, Price PM. An efficient synthetic strategy for obtaining 4-methoxy carbon isotope labeled combretastatin A-4 phosphate and other Z-combretastatins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:399-403. [PMID: 20028026 PMCID: PMC2862752 DOI: 10.1021/np9004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Human cancer and other clinical trials under development employing combretastatin A-4 phosphate (1b, CA4P) should benefit from the availability of a [(11)C]-labeled derivative for positron emission tomography (PET). In order to obtain a suitable precursor for addition of a [(11)C]methyl group at the penultimate step, several new synthetic pathways to CA4P were evaluated. Geometrical isomerization (Z to E) proved to be a challenge, but it was overcome by development of a new CA4P synthesis suitable for 4-methoxy isotope labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
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Pettit RK, Pettit GR, Hamel E, Hogan F, Moser BR, Wolf S, Pon S, Chapuis JC, Schmidt JM. E-Combretastatin and E-resveratrol structural modifications: Antimicrobial and cancer cell growth inhibitory β-E-nitrostyrenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6606-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Shirali A, Sriram M, Hall JJ, Nguyen BL, Guddneppanavar R, Hadimani MB, Ackley JF, Siles R, Jelinek CJ, Arthasery P, Brown RC, Murrell VL, McMordie A, Sharma S, Chaplin DJ, Pinney KG. Development of synthetic methodology suitable for the radiosynthesis of combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and its corresponding prodrug CA1P. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:414-421. [PMID: 19161336 DOI: 10.1021/np800661r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology has been established suitable for the preparation of combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and its corresponding phosphate prodrug salt (CA1P) in high specific activity radiolabeled form. Judicious selection of appropriate phenolic protecting groups to distinguish positions on the A-ring from the B-ring of the stilbenoid was paramount for the success of this project. Methylation of the C-4' phenolic moiety by removal of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting group in the presence of methyl iodide was accomplished in excellent yield without significant Z to E isomerization. This step (carried out with (12)C-methyl iodide as proof of concept in this study) represents the process in which a (14)C radioisotope could be incorporated in an actual radiosynthesis. CA1 is a natural product isolated from the African bush willow tree (Combretum caffrum) that has important medicinal value due, in part, to its ability to inhibit tubulin assembly. As a prodrug, CA1P (OXi4503) is in human clinical trials as a vascular disrupting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Shirali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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Pettit GR, Thornhill A, Melody N, Knight JC. Antineoplastic agents. 578. Synthesis of stilstatins 1 and 2 and their water-soluble prodrugs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:380-388. [PMID: 19228038 DOI: 10.1021/np800608c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient syntheses of 3,4-methylenedioxy-4',5-dimethoxy-2',3'-dihydroxy-Z-stilbene (stilstatin 1, 2), 3,4,4'-trimethoxy-2',3',5-trihydroxy-Z-stilbene (stilstatin 2, 5), and respective phosphate prodrugs have been summarized. Both 2 and 5 were accessed via a convergent step synthesis using phosphonium bromides 6 and 21 in Wittig reactions with 2,3-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4'-methoxybenzaldehyde 14. Deprotection of silyl ethers 15 and 26 with TBAF furnished 2 and 5, respectively. Phosphorylation of 2 and 5 afforded the phosphoric acid intermediates 17 and 28 for prodrug development. These phosphoric acid precursors were employed in parallel series of reactions to produce a selection of metal cation prodrug candidates. The biological activities of stilstatins 1 (2) and 2 (5) and their respective prodrugs were evaluated against a panel of one murine (P388) and six human cancer cell lines. Compared to combretastatin A-2 (1), stilstatin 1 (2) has an additional vicinal hydroxy group on the B ring, the presence of which was detrimental to the cancer cell line potency; in vivo, however, compound 2 would be predicted to have greater anticancer activity resulting from the o-quinone mechanism of action analogous to that of combretastatin A-1 (4). The substitution of a hydroxy group for a methoxy group on the A ring of combretastatin A-1 (4), resulting in stilstatin 2 (5), gave rise to a modest level of inhibition consistent with that found for 4 against cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
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Brown RT, Murrell VL, McMordie A, Sriram M, Pinney KG, Sharma S, Chaplin DJ. Carbon-14 radiosynthesis of combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and its corresponding phosphate prodrug (CA1P). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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