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Singh YR, Thakur A, Fontes CMGA, Goyal A. A novel thermophilic recombinant obligate xylobiohydrolase (AcGH30A) from Acetivibrio clariflavus orchestrates the deconstruction of xylan polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122295. [PMID: 38858006 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
GH30 xylobiohydrolases, an expanding enzyme category, need deeper insights for optimal use. The primary aim of this study was to characterize a new xylobiohydrolase, AcGH30A of GH30 family from Acetivibrio clariflavus. The gene encoding AcGH30A was cloned using pET28a(+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. AcGH30A was purified by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of AcGH30A showed molecular mass of ~58 kDa. AcGH30A showed optimum temperature 80 °C and optimum pH 7.0. AcGH30A was stable (maintaining >80 % of control activity) in pH range, 4-7 and temperature range, 30 °C -70 °C when incubated for 90 min. AcGH30A displayed melting temperature, 72 °C and half-life, 21 days at 4 °C. The enzyme activity of AcGH30A was enhanced by 10 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions by 25 % and 21 %, respectively, whereas 10 mM Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ ions significantly reduced it. AcGH30A showed activity against various xylan polysaccharides displaying highest Vmax, 139 U.mg-1 and KM, 0.71 mg.ml-1 against 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan under optimum conditions. TLC, HPLC and LC-MS analyses of AcGH30A hydrolyzed products from xylan substrates revealed the release of sole product, xylobiose, confirming it as an obligate xylobiohydrolase. AcGH30A being a highly thermostable enzyme can be potentially utlilized in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumnam Robinson Singh
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Abhijeet Thakur
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- NZYTech - Genes & Enzymes, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Campus do Lumiar, Edifício E - R/C, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arun Goyal
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Wang X, Zhu Q, Li Y. Purification, characterization and bioactivities of a 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan from Aralia echinocaulis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125402. [PMID: 37331542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of active constituents from food plants is an important area of research in pharmaceutical sciences. Aralia echinocaulis is a medicinal food plant that is mainly used to prevent or treat rheumatoid arthritis in China. This paper reported the isolation, purification and bioactivity of a polysaccharide (HSM-1-1) from A. echinocaulis. Its structural features were analyzed according to the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The results indicated that HSM-1-1 was a new 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan mainly composed of xylan and 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid with the molecular weight of 1.6 × 104 Da. Furthermore, the antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities of HSM-1-1 in vitro were investigated, and the results showed that HSM-1-1 had potent proliferation inhibition activity on colon cancer cell SW480 with an inhibition rate of 17.57 ± 1.03 % at a concentration of 600 μg/mL, as measured via MTS methods. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a polysaccharide structure obtained from A. echinocaulis and its bioactivities, and its potential as an adjuvant natural product with antitumor effects is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qiannan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China.
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Engineering a semi-interpenetrating constructed xylan-based hydrogel with superior compressive strength, resilience, and creep recovery abilities. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Strategies to Increase the Biological and Biotechnological Value of Polysaccharides from Agricultural Waste for Application in Healthy Nutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115937. [PMID: 34205897 PMCID: PMC8198840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the extraction and identification of new high added-value compounds from the agro-food industry that will valorize the great amount of by-products generated. Many of these bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects for humans in terms of disease prevention, but they are also of great interest in the food industry due to their effect of extending the shelf life of foods by their well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. For this reason, an additional research objective is to establish the best conditions for obtaining these compounds from complex by-product structures without altering their activity or even increasing it. This review highlights recent work on the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from vegetable by-products, their functional activity, new methodologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from vegetables, possibly increasing their biological activity, and the future of the global functional food and nutraceuticals market.
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Liu D, Tang W, Xin Y, Wang ZX, Huang XJ, Hu JL, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Isolation and structure characterization of glucuronoxylans from Dolichos lablab L. hull. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1026-1036. [PMID: 33865892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides were extracted by hot water and alkali in sequence from Dolichos lablab L. hull, and further purified by ion-exchange and gel columns. Hot water extracted D. lablab hull polysaccharide (DLHP) was rich in glucuronoxylan and pectin, and alkali extracted polysaccharide (DLHAP) mostly embraced glucuronoxylan. The structures of purified glucuronoxylans from DLHP and DLHAP were mainly analyzed by HPAEC-PAD, methylation combined with GC-MS, NMR and SEC-MALLS. DLHP-1 was identified as acetylated glucuronoxylan containing →4)-β-Xylp-(1→ backbone with substitution at O-2 site by α-GlcpA/4-O-methyl-α-GlcpA. The molar ratio of β-Xylp to α-GlcpA was 6.9:1, and acetylation was mainly at O-3 site of β-Xylp with acetylation degree of 21.5%. DLHP-1 and DLHP-2 had similar physicochemical properties, except for molecular weight (Mw). DLHAP-1 was the non-methylated glucuronoxylan almost without acetylation, and it had the molar ratio of β-Xylp to α-GlcpA of 5.6:1. Besides, DLHP-1 (Mw of 20.0 × 103 g mol-1) adopted semi-flexible chain, while DLHAP-1 (Mw of 15.4 × 103 g mol-1) showed flexible chain. These results provided a structural basis for study on polysaccharides from D. lablab hull, which was benefit for understanding biological activities and developing functional food or pharmaceuticals of D. lablab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ze-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jie-Lun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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Sharma K, Morla S, Khaire KC, Thakur A, Moholkar VS, Kumar S, Goyal A. Extraction, characterization of xylan from Azadirachta indica (neem) sawdust and production of antiproliferative xylooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1897-1907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yu S, Zhao Y, Zhang FL, Li YQ, Shen W, Sun ZY. Chestnut polysaccharides benefit spermatogenesis through improvement in the expression of important genes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11431-11445. [PMID: 32568099 PMCID: PMC7343452 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been a continuing worldwide decrease in the quality of human spermatozoa, especially in spermatozoa motility and concentration. Many factors are involved in this decline, and great efforts have been made to rescue spermatogenesis; however, there has been little progress in the improvement of sperm quality. Chestnuts are used in traditional Chinese medicine; their major active components are chestnut polysaccharides (CPs). CPs have many biological activities but their effects on spermatogenesis are unknown. The current investigation was designed to explore the impact of CPs on spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that CPs significantly increased sperm motility and concentration (4-fold and 12-fold, respectively), and improved seminiferous tubule development by increasing the number of germ cells after busulfan treatment. CPs dramatically rescued the expression of important genes and proteins (STRA8, DAZL, SYCP1, SYCP3, TNP1 etc.) in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, CPs increased the levels of hormone synthesis proteins such as CYP17A1 and HSD17β1. All the data suggested that CPs improved the testicular microenvironment to rescue spermatogenesis. With CPs being natural products, they may be an attractive alternative for treating infertile patients in the future. At the same time, the deep underlying mechanisms of their action need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yu
- Urology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ya-Qi Li
- Urology Department, Zaozhuang Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining Group, Zaozhuang 277100, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Sun
- Urology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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Liu X, Lin Q, Yan Y, Peng F, Sun R, Ren J. Hemicellulose from Plant Biomass in Medical and Pharmaceutical Application: A Critical Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2430-2455. [PMID: 28685685 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170705113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the non-toxicity, abundance and biodegradability, recently more and more attention has been focused on the exploration of hemicellulose as the potential substrate for the production of liquid fuels and other value-added chemicals and materials in different fields. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the promising application of nature hemicellulose and its derivative products including its degradation products, its new derivatives and hemicellulosebased medical biodegradable materials in the medical and pharmaceutical field, especially for inmmune regulation, bacteria inhibition, drug release, anti-caries, scaffold materials and anti-tumor. METHODS We searched the related papers about the medical and pharmaceutical application of hemicellulose and its derivative products, and summarized their preparation methods, properties and use effects. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-seven papers were included in this review. Forty-seven papers introduced the extraction and application in immune regulation of nature hemicellulose, such as xylan, mannan, xyloglucan (XG) and β-glucan. Seventy-seven papers mentioned the preparation and application of degradation products of hemicellulose for adjusting intestinal function, maintaining blood glucose levels, enhancing the immunity and alleviating human fatigue fields such as xylooligosaccharides, xylitol, xylose, arabinose, etc. The preparation of hemicellulose derivatives were described in thirty-two papers such as hemicellulose esters, hemicellulose ethers and their effects on anticoagulants, adsorption of creatinine, the addition of immune cells and the inhibition of harmful bacteria. Finally, the preparations of hemicellulose-based materials such as hydrogels and membrane for the field of drug release, cell immobilization, cancer therapy and wound dressings were presented using fifty-five papers. CONCLUSION The structure of hemicellulose-based products has the significant impact on properties and the use effect for the immunity, and treating various diseases of human. However, some efforts should be made to explore and improve the properties of hemicellulose-based products and design the new materials to broaden hemicellulose applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qixuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Cui H, Li H, Wang Y, Li S, Xue C. Structural characterization and biological activity of galactoglucan from Castanea mollissima Blume. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Antiproliferative xylan from corn cobs induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Li H, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang S, Li S, Zhou G, Wang S, Zhang J. Extraction, selenylation modification and antitumor activity of the glucan from Castanea mollissima Blume. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:207-217. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Vinnitskiy DZ, Ustyuzhanina NE, Nifantiev NE. Natural bacterial and plant biomolecules bearing α-d-glucuronic acid residues. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kong W, Dai Q, Ren J, Ma N. Homogeneous acylation of xylan with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl in ionic liquid and the adsorption property. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 128:105-11. [PMID: 26005145 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new xylan ester (xylan 3,5-dinitrobenzoate) as a creatinine adsorbent was prepared by the homogeneous acylation of xylan with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in 1-butul-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid. The influences of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution values of xylan esters were discussed. Results indicated that xylan esters with the degree of substitution range from 1.34 to 1.77 were obtained under the given conditions. The FTIR and (13)C NMR spectroscopies provided the evidence of grafting 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl groups onto the backbone of xylan. Moreover, the adsorption properties of the xylan ester for creatinine were also investigated. Isotherm studies showed that the sorption capacities for creatinine were 2.45, 2.08 and 1.86 mg/g for 23, 30 and 37 °C, respectively. Thermodynamic studies performed indicated the sorption process mainly was controlled by the chemical adsorption. Therefore, xylan 3,5-dinitrobenzoate displayed the promising application in the treatment of chronic renal failure by the creatinine adsorption as the new oral adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nianfang Ma
- Biomaterials Research Center, Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
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Gao C, Ren J, Kong W, Sun R, Chen Q. Comparative study on temperature/pH sensitive xylan-based hydrogels: their properties and drug controlled release. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature/pH dual-responsive hydrogels as a new intestinal-targeted carriers were prepared by the grafting copolymerization of xylan possessing different functional groups with AM and NIPAm via ultraviolet irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cundian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Weiqing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- College of Materials Science and Technology
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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Renault E, Barbat-Rogeon A, Chaleix V, Calliste CA, Colas C, Gloaguen V. Partial structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a phenolic–xylan from Castanea sativa hardwood. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:373-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Samanta AK, Jayapal N, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M, Suresh KP, Sampath KT. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from alkali solubilized xylan of natural grass (Sehima nervosum). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 112:199-205. [PMID: 22414575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a process for producing XOS from Sehima nervosum grass was developed. The grass contains 28.1% hemicellulose. NaOH and steam application yielded 98% of original xylan in contrast to 85% by KOH application. Hydrolysis of xylan with commercial xylanase caused breakdown into XOS comprising of xylobiose, xylotriose along with xylose. Response surface model (RSM) revealed highest xylobiose yield (11 g/100g xylan) at pH 5.03, temperature 45.19°C, reaction time 10.11h with enzyme dose 17.41 U. Similarly for maximizing xylotriose yield, ideal hydrolysis conditions were pH 5.11, temperature 40.33°C, reaction time 16.55 h with enzyme dose 13.20 U. A two step process encompassing xylan fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis enabled XOS production from the S. nervosum grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Samanta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Green synthesis of xylan hemicellulose esters. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2896-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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