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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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2
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Kishore DR, Goel K, Shekhar C, Satyanarayana G. An Access to Benzo[ a]fluorenes, Benzo[ b]fluorenes, and Indenes Triggered by Simple Lewis Acid. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2178-2203. [PMID: 35108008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report illustrates BF3·OEt2 promoted intramolecular cascade cycloaromatization of 1,7-ynones toward synthesizing structurally diverse benzofluorene scaffolds. Remarkably, the present protocol promotes the formation of two consecutive C-C bonds intramolecularly and undergoes aromatization under mild reaction conditions to afford the tetracyclic benzo[a]fluorene frameworks. Besides, the formation of indenes was observed when 1-bromo-2-iodoarenes are relatively more electron-rich when compared with the one originating from the terminal arylacetylenes, under controlled conditions, wherein triple bond polarity has been just reversed due to the change of electronic effects exerted by the strong +M group of 1-bromo-2-iodoarenes, which is in conjugation to the connected triple bond. The same concept to generate indenes has also been extended by using aliphatic alkyne tethered ynones. Further, it was noticed that 1,7-ynones bearing the more electron-rich 1-bromo-2-iodoarenes than the arene ring arriving from the terminal arylacetylenes lead to benzo[b]fluorenes, under thermodynamic conditions, instead of delivering the benzo[a]fluorenes. In addition, this method features metal-free conditions, easily accessible starting materials, operational simplicity, gram-scale synthesis, and a wide range of substrate scopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakoju Ravi Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy District, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy District, Telangana, India
| | - Chander Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy District, Telangana, India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad Kandi 502 285, Sangareddy District, Telangana, India
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Zhang D, Xu D, Chen X, Zhou H, Xu G. Divergent Entry to Walsucochin Nortriterpenoids: Total Syntheses of (±)-Walsucochin A and (±)-Walsucochinoids C-F. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7271-7279. [PMID: 33978408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nortriterpenoids isolated from Walsura cochinchinensis have attracted much attention from both synthetic and medicinal chemists, yet only recently have efficient synthetic approaches to any members appeared. Shown here is that the common intermediate with a 6/6/5/6-fused tetracyclic ring nucleus can be converted to walsucochin family members. The first total syntheses of (±)-walsucochin A, (±)-walsucochinoids C-F, and their analogues were achieved in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Flores-Bocanegra L, Augustinović M, Raja HA, Kurina SJ, Maldonado AC, Burdette JE, Falkinham JO, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial drimane meroterpenoids from a fungus of the Stictidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota). Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen X, Zhang D, Xu D, Zhou H, Xu G. Remote C-H Activation Strategy Enables Total Syntheses of Nortriterpenoids (±)-Walsucochin B and (±)-Walsucochinoids M and N. Org Lett 2020; 22:6993-6997. [PMID: 32822191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Total syntheses of (±)-walsucochin B and (±)-walsucochinoids M and N have been achieved from farnesyl bromide. The key steps of the synthetic sequence are the titanocene-mediated radical cyclization and base-induced cycloaromatization for the rapid construction of the 6/6/5/6-fused tetracyclic skeleton. Importantly, a Cu-mediated remote C-H hydroxylation reaction has been developed to site-selectively install the oxygen function at the C-7 position of the target molecules, thus solving the biggest challenge for the synthesis of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Liu HM, Chen D, Xu WD, Dang LZ, Qin HB. Total synthesis of (−)-akaol A via a conformational constraint strategy. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00375k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our synthesis of akaol A features a well-designed Friedel–Crafts cyclization, which ensures a cis-fused B/C ring through a conformational constraint strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Wen-Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Photochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Li-Zhi Dang
- China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co
- Ltd
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Photochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
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Antifungal activities of secondary metabolites isolated from liquid fermentations of Stereum hirsutum (Sh134-11) against Botrytis cinerea (grey mould agent). Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1048-1054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Jiménez F, Fernández A, Boulifa E, Mansour AI, Alvarez-Manzaneda R, Chahboun R, Alvarez-Manzaneda E. Diastereoselective Intramolecular Heck Reaction Assisted by an Acetate Group: Synthesis of the Decahydrobenzofluorene Derivative Dasyscyphin E. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9550-9559. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Jiménez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ettahir Boulifa
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique Appliquée, Département de Chimie,
Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, 93040 Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Ibn Mansour
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique Appliquée, Département de Chimie,
Faculté des Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, 93040 Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Ramón Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Area
de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química
y Física, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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11
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Kakde BN, Kumar N, Mondal PK, Bisai A. Approach to Merosesquiterpenes via Lewis Acid Catalyzed Nazarov-Type Cyclization: Total Synthesis of Akaol A. Org Lett 2016; 18:1752-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badrinath N. Kakde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Nivesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
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Shan WG, Ying YM, Ma LF, Zhan ZJ. Drimane-Related Merosesquiterpenoids, a Promising Library of Metabolites for Drug Development. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63473-3.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Sanjuán AM, Rashid MA, García-García P, Martínez-Cuezva A, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Rodríguez F, Sanz R. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations and Alkoxycyclizations ofortho-(Alkynyl)styrenes. Chemistry 2014; 21:3042-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Akhaouzan A, Fernández A, Mansour AI, Alvarez E, Haidöur A, Alvarez-Manzaneda R, Chahboun R, Alvarez-Manzaneda E. First synthesis of antitumoral dasyscyphin B. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6176-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Kakde BN, De S, Dey D, Bisai A. Metal triflate-catalyzed cyclization of arylvinylcarbinols: formal synthesis of (±)-dichroanone and (±)-taiwaniaquinone H. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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García-García P, Rashid MA, Sanjuán AM, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Sanz R. Straightforward Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[a]fluorenes through Au(I)-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 3] Cycloadditions. Org Lett 2012; 14:4778-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-García
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Muhammad A. Rashid
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Ana M. Sanjuán
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Fernández-Rodríguez
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
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Alvarez-Manzaneda E, Chahboun R, Alvarez E, Fernández A, Alvarez-Manzaneda R, Haidour A, Ramos JM, Akhaouzan A. First enantiospecific synthesis of marine sesquiterpene quinol akaol A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:606-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang L, Xie X, Liu J, Qi J, Ma D, She X. Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Dasyscyphin D. Org Lett 2011; 13:2956-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201047m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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