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Mao X, Li H, Zheng J. Effects of xenobiotics on CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation and bioactivation of estradiol. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:1-49. [PMID: 36823774 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2177671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous estradiol (E2) exerts diverse physiological and pharmacological activities, commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to E2 potentially increases estrogenic cancer risk. Reportedly, CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation of E2 is largely concerned with its balance between detoxification and carcinogenic pathways. Among the three key CYP1 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mainly catalyze the formation of nontoxic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), while CYP1B1 specifically catalyzes the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2). 4-OH-E2 can be further metabolized to electrophilic quinone intermediates accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage. Since abnormal alterations in CYP1 activities can greatly affect the bioactivation process of E2, regulatory effects of xenobiotics on CYP1s are essential for E2-associated cancer development. To date, thousands of natural and synthetic compounds have been found to show potential inhibition and/or induction actions on the three CYP1 members. Generally, these chemicals share similar planar polycyclic skeletons, the structural motifs and substituent groups of which are important for their inhibitory/inductive efficiency and selectivity toward CYP1 enzymes. This review comprehensively summarizes these known inhibitors and/or inductors of E2-metabolizing CYP1s based on chemical categories and discusses their structure-activity relationships, which would contribute to better understanding of the correlation between xenobiotic-regulated CYP1 activities and estrogenic cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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2
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Shimada T, Nagayoshi H, Murayama N, Sawai A, Kim V, Kim D, Yamazaki H, Guengerich FP, Takenaka S. Oxidation of 3'-methoxyflavone, 4'-methoxyflavone, and 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone and their derivatives having 5,7-dihydroxyl moieties by human cytochromes P450 1B1 and 2A13. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:134-145. [PMID: 35387543 PMCID: PMC9896170 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2062486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of 3'-methoxyflavone, 4'-methoxyflavone, and 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone and their derivatives containing 5,7-dihydroxyl groups by human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 1B1 and 2A13 was determined using LC-MS/MS systems.3'-Methoxyflavone and 4'-methoxyflavone were mainly O-demethylated to form 3'-hydroxyflavone and 4'-hydroxyflavone, respectively, and then 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone at higher rates with CYP1B1 than with CYP2A13. 4'-Methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone (acacetin) was found to be demethylated by CYP1B1 and 2A13 to form 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) at rates of 0.098-1 and 0.42 min-1, respectively. 3'-Methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone was also demethylated by both P450s, with CYP2A13 being more active.3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone was a good substrate for CYP1B1 but not for CYP2A13 and was found to be mainly O-demethylated to form 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone (at a rate of 4.2 min-1) and also several ring-oxygenated products having m/z 299 fragments. Molecular docking analysis supported the proper orientation for formation of these products by CYP1B1.Our present results showed that 3'- and 4'-methoxyflavone can be oxidised to their O-demethylated products and, to a lesser extent, to ring oxidation products by both P450s 1B1 and 2A13 and that 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone is a good substrate for CYP1B1 in forming both O-demethylated and ring-oxidation products. Introduction of a 57diOHF moiety into these methoxylated flavonoids caused decreased in oxidation by CYP1B1 and 2A13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Nagayoshi
- Laboratory of Food Sanitation, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuki Sawai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Vitchan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F. Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
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Lotfizadeh R, Sepehri H, Attari F, Delphi L. Flavonoid Calycopterin Induces Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells In-vitro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:391-401. [PMID: 33680039 PMCID: PMC7758012 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113410.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is enumerated as one of the most prevalent cancers in men, with a mortality rate of 18%. Chemotherapy is considered as a common strategy for cancer treatment; however, toxic side effects and drug resistance associated with chemotherapy are major drawbacks with this approach. It is well known that a diet rich in flavonoids can reduce the incidence of many types of cancer in a significant manner, and it was proved that methoxy flavones have greater bioavailability compared to the nonmethylated ones. Calycopterin is a tetramethoxy flavone which was demonstrated to have anti-proliferative effects on colon, gastric, and osteosarcoma cancer cells. Therefore, in the current study, we have evaluated the apoptotic effects of this flavonoid on two prostate cancer cell lines in-vitro. The MTT assay revealed that after 48 h treatment with this flavonoid, cell viability reduced to 50% compared to the control group. However, calycopterin treatment of healthy HUVEC did not cause any significant reduction in cell viability. Moreover, the clonogenic assay demonstrated that after 14 days, colony size and numbers reduced significantly in calycopterin treated cells. In addition, the percentage of the sub-G1 population in calycopterin-treated cells augmented significantly compared to untreated group. Also, calycopterin-treated cells demonstrated shiny condensed nuclei with fragmented DNA indicative of apoptosis. Finally, a significant reduction in the migration ability was observed in both lines subjected to calycopterin after 48 h. To conclude, our results demonstrated the apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects of calycopterin in both hormone-dependent and independent prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Lotfizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houri Sepehri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Cirsiliol Suppressed Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in B16F10 Malignant Melanoma Cells through Alteration of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030608. [PMID: 30708951 PMCID: PMC6386903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer which has a propensity for metastasis. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a primordial role in the progression of metastatic disease. Metastatic melanoma is resistant to conventional therapies. Hence, researchers have been exploring alternative approaches, including the utility of bioactive phytochemicals to manage metastatic disease. In the present study, we investigated the potential of cirsiliol, a flavonoid isolated from Centaurea jacea L., in modulating the aggressive behavior of B16F10 metastatic melanoma cells, including EMT, and associated molecular mechanisms of action. Cirsiliol was found to be effective in restraining the colony formation and migration of fibronectin-induced B16F10 metastatic melanoma cells. Cirsiliol inhibited the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Cirsiliol also suppressed the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (also known as Akt)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway which, in turn, caused upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, Snail and Twist. Based on these results, cirsiliol may be considered a promising compound against EMT in the therapeutic management of malignant melanoma.
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Das B, Sarkar N, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Dietary phytochemicals in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and associated enzymes: A promising anticancer therapeutic approach. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 56:196-218. [PMID: 30472212 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological phenomenon that plays a primordial role for initiation of metastasis. It renders cancer cells with increased self-renewal and tumor-initiating capabilities and exacerbated resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy. Hence, regulation of EMT stands out to be an important strategy in controlling the behavior of malignant cells. Despite the enormous amount of preclinical data on the implication of EMT in cancer progression, there is still lack of routine clinical translation at therapeutic levels. The need of EMT-modulating drugs with high efficacy and low cytotoxicity has led to studies involving the evaluation of the efficacy of a plethora of various classes of phytochemicals present in dietary sources of fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes the role of these different classes of phytochemicals, their natural/synthetic analogs, and their nano-formulations in regulation of EMT in various preclinical models through attenuation of primary signaling pathways. Numerous proteins, transcription factors and enzymes targeted by various classes of phytochemicals in repression of EMT has been presented in this review. Additionally, we have critically analyzed the existing literature and provided views on new direction for accelerating the discovery of novel drug candidates which could be cautiously administered without concomitant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India.
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Antidiabetic and antiparasitic potentials: Inhibition effects of some natural antioxidant compounds on α-glycosidase, α-amylase and human glutathione S-transferase enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:741-746. [PMID: 30076927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferase (GST) was purified from fresh blood erythrocytes using affinity column chromatography. Also, α-amylase from porcine pancreas and α-glycosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as target enzymes. In this study, these compounds were tested on α-amylase, α-glycosidase, and GST enzymes and demonstrated effective inhibitor compounds with Ki values in the range of 8.34-40.78 μM against GST, and 120.53-892.36 nM against α-glycosidase. Additionally, the phenolic molecules were tested for the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme which determined effective inhibition profile with IC50 values in the range of 175.01-626.58 nM. Indeed, these molecules can be elective inhibitors of GST, α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes as antidiabetic and antiparasitic agents.
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Ramaraj D, Rathinasamy G, Vairathevar Sivasamy V. Isolation of eupatorin (3′,5-dihydroxy-4′,6,7-trimethoxyflavone) from Albizia odoratissima and its application for l-tryptophan sensing. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tangeretin inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cells via CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzyme induction and CYP1A1/CYP1B1-mediated metabolism to the product 4' hydroxy tangeretin. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 50:274-284. [PMID: 29626627 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavone with multifaceted anticancer activity. In the present study, the metabolism of tangeretin was evaluated in the CYP1 expressing human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 and in the normal breast cell line MCF10A. Tangeretin was converted to 4' OH tangeretin by recombinant CYP1 enzymes and by CYP1 enzymes expressed in MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. This metabolite was absent in MCF10A cells that did not express CYP1 enzymes. Tangeretin exhibited submicromolar IC50 (0.25 ± 0.15 μM) in MDA-MB-468 cells, whereas it was less active in MCF7 cells (39.3 ± 1.5 μM) and completely inactive in MCF10A cells (>100 μM). In MDA-MB-468 cells that were coincubated with the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin, an approximately 70-fold increase was noted in the IC50 (18 ± 1.6 μM) of tangeretin. In the presence of the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin, the conversion of tangeretin to 4' OH tangeretin was significantly reduced in MDA-MB-468 cells (2.55 ± 0.19 μM vs. 6.33 ± 0.12 μM). The mechanism of antiproliferative action involved cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase for MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Tangeretin was further shown to induce CYP1 enzyme activity and CYP1A1/CYP1B1 protein expression in MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. These results suggest that tangeretin inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells via CYP1A1/CYP1B1-mediated metabolism to the product 4' hydroxy tangeretin.
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Surichan S, Arroo RR, Ruparelia K, Tsatsakis AM, Androutsopoulos VP. Nobiletin bioactivation in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by cytochrome P450 CYP1 enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:228-235. [PMID: 29408579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nobiletin is a fully methoxylated flavone that has demonstrated anticancer activity via multiple modes of action. In the present study, the metabolism and further antiproliferative activity of nobiletin was evaluated in the CYP1 expressing human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and the normal breast cell line MCF10A. Nobiletin was metabolized in MDA-MB-468 cells to a single-demethylated derivative assigned NP1. This metabolite was absent in MCF10A cells that did not express CYP1 enzymes. Nobiletin exhibited submicromolar IC50 (0.1 ± 0.04 μM) in MDA-MB-468 cells, whereas it was considerably less active in MCF10A cells (40 μM). In MDA-MB-468 cells that were coincubated with the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin, an approximately 300-fold increase was noted in the IC50 (30 ± 2.4 μM) of nobiletin. In the presence of the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin, the conversion of nobiletin to NP1 was significantly reduced in MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, a significant increase was noted in the population of the cells at the G1 phase, following treatment with nobiletin (10 μM) for 24 h compared with the control cells treated with DMSO (0.1%) alone (55.9 ± 0.14 vs. 45.6 ± 1.96), whereas the cell cycle of MCF10A cells was not significantly altered under the same treatment conditions. Taken collectively, the results suggest that nobiletin is selectively bioactivated in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells via metabolism by the cytochrome P450 CYP1 family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchaiya Surichan
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Randolph R Arroo
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ketan Ruparelia
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, 71409, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, 71409, Crete, Greece.
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Dutour R, Cortés-Benítez F, Roy J, Poirier D. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of New Estrane-Pyridine Derivatives as Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1159-1164. [PMID: 29152048 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a promising therapeutic strategy, as such an inhibitor could modulate the bioactivation of procarcinogens while reducing drug resistance. Based on docking studies, the synthesis of 12 estra-1,3,5(10)-triene derivatives containing a pyridin-3-/4-yl moiety at position C2, C3, or C4 was performed, and we measured their inhibitory activity on CYP1B1 using the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The position of the nitrogen atom in the aromatic ring has little influence on their inhibition potency, but compounds with a pyridinyl at C2 of the steroid nucleus are more potent CYP1B1 inhibitors than those with a pyridinyl at C3 or C4. Estradiol derivatives (OH at C17β) are also 10-fold more potent inhibitors than estrone derivatives (carbonyl at C17). Thus, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-estradiol (4a) is the best CYP1B1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.011 μM) from this series of compounds, and the best steroid inhibitor reported until now. It is also 7.5-fold more potent than the well-known nonsteroidal CYP1B1 inhibitor α-naphthoflavone (IC50 = 0.083 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Dutour
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology-Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec−Research Center, Québec, Qc, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Francisco Cortés-Benítez
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology-Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec−Research Center, Québec, Qc, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology-Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec−Research Center, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology-Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec−Research Center, Québec, Qc, Canada
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
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Yu JS, Leng PF, Li YF, Wang YQ, Wang Y, An RH, Qi JP. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Suppresses the Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cell Growth and Invasion by Promoting DNA Damage Response Under Oxidative Stress. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1010-1017. [PMID: 28972393 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Song Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng-Fei Leng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Fu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Quan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Hua An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Ping Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Targeting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 with steroid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5272-5276. [PMID: 27687674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) represents a promising therapeutic strategy, because it would enable action at three different levels: (1) by inhibiting the formation of mutagenic 4-hydroxy-estradiol, (2) by inhibiting the bioactivation of procarcinogens, and (3) by reducing drug-resistance. Surprisingly, few steroids were reported as inhibitors of CYP1B1. From a screening performed with 90 steroid derivatives, we identified thioestrone (B19) as an inhibitor (IC50=3.4μM) of CYP1B1. Molecular modeling studies showed that the 3-SH group of B19 is closer (3.36Å) to the iron atom of the heme system than the 3-OH group of enzyme substrates estrone and estradiol (4.26Å and 3.58Å, respectively). B19 also produced a better docking GOLD score that correlated with the inhibitory results obtained. The estrane derivative B19 represents an interesting lead compound that can be easily modified to extend the structure-activity relationship study and to provide a next generation of more powerful CYP1B1 inhibitors.
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Dong J, Zhang Q, Cui Q, Huang G, Pan X, Li S. Flavonoids and Naphthoflavonoids: Wider Roles in the Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Enzymes. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2102-2118. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Qing Cui
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province P.R. China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
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Androutsopoulos VP, Tsatsakis AM. Benzo[a]pyrene sensitizes MCF7 breast cancer cells to induction of G1 arrest by the natural flavonoid eupatorin-5-methyl ether, via activation of cell signaling proteins and CYP1-mediated metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Xu H, Yao N, Xu H, Wang T, Li G, Li Z. Characterization of the interaction between eupatorin and bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14185-203. [PMID: 23839090 PMCID: PMC3742238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction between eupatorin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, and molecular modeling at pH 7.4. Results of UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies illustrated that BSA fluorescence was quenched by eupatorin via a static quenching mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions played major roles in the interaction. Moreover, the efficiency of energy transfer, and the distance between BSA and acceptor eupatorin, were calculated. The effects of eupatorin on the BSA conformation were analyzed using UV-vis, CD, and synchronous fluorescence. Finally, the binding of eupatorin to BSA was modeled using the molecular docking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.X.); (N.Y.); (H.X.); (T.W.); (G.L.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Nannan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.X.); (N.Y.); (H.X.); (T.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Haoran Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.X.); (N.Y.); (H.X.); (T.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.X.); (N.Y.); (H.X.); (T.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.X.); (N.Y.); (H.X.); (T.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.X.); (N.Y.); (H.X.); (T.W.); (G.L.)
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Surichan S, Androutsopoulos VP, Sifakis S, Koutala E, Tsatsakis A, Arroo RRJ, Boarder MR. Bioactivation of the citrus flavonoid nobiletin by CYP1 enzymes in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3320-8. [PMID: 22743247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated cytochrome P450 CYP1-mediated metabolism and CYP1-enzyme induction by naturally occurring flavonoids in cancer cell line models. The arising metabolites often exhibit higher activity than the parent compound. In the present study we investigated the CYP1-mediated metabolism of the citrus polymethoxyflavone nobiletin by recombinant CYP1 enzymes and MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Incubation of nobiletin in MCF7 cells produced one main metabolite (NM1) resulting from O-demethylation in either A or B rings of the flavone moiety. Among the three CYP1 isoforms, CYP1A1 exhibited the highest rate of metabolism of nobiletin in recombinant CYP microsomal enzymes. The intracellular CYP1-mediated bioconversion of the flavone was reduced in the presence of the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1-selective inhibitors α-napthoflavone and acacetin. In addition nobiletin induced CYP1 enzyme activity, CYP1A1 protein and CYP1B1 mRNA levels in MCF7 cells at a concentration dependent manner. MTT assays in MCF7 cells further revealed that nobiletin exhibited significantly lower IC50 (44 μM) compared to cells treated with nobiletin and CYP1A1 inhibitor (69 μM). FACS analysis demonstrated cell a cycle block at G1 phase that was attenuated in the presence of CYP1A1 inhibitor. Taken together the data suggests that the dietary flavonoid nobiletin induces its own metabolism and in turn enhances its cytostatic effect in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, via CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchaiya Surichan
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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Androutsopoulos VP, Papakyriakou A, Vourloumis D, Spandidos DA. Comparative CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 substrate and inhibitor profile of dietary flavonoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2842-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Flavonoids from Artemisia annua L. as antioxidants and their potential synergism with artemisinin against malaria and cancer. Molecules 2010; 15:3135-70. [PMID: 20657468 PMCID: PMC6263261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua is currently the only commercial source of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin. Since artemisinin was discovered as the active component of A. annua in early 1970s, hundreds of papers have focused on the anti-parasitic effects of artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogs dihydroartemisinin, artemether, arteether, and artesunate. Artemisinin per se has not been used in mainstream clinical practice due to its poor bioavailability when compared to its analogs. In the past decade, the work with artemisinin-based compounds has expanded to their anti-cancer properties. Although artemisinin is a major bioactive component present in the traditional Chinese herbal preparations (tea), leaf flavonoids, also present in the tea, have shown a variety of biological activities and may synergize the effects of artemisinin against malaria and cancer. However, only a few studies have focused on the potential synergistic effects between flavonoids and artemisinin. The resurgent idea that multi-component drug therapy might be better than monotherapy is illustrated by the recent resolution of the World Health Organization to support artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), instead of the previously used monotherapy with artemisinins. In this critical review we will discuss the possibility that artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogs might become more effective to treat parasitic diseases (such as malaria) and cancer if simultaneously delivered with flavonoids. The flavonoids present in A. annua leaves have been linked to suppression of CYP450 enzymes responsible for altering the absorption and metabolism of artemisinin in the body, but also have been linked to a beneficial immunomodulatory activity in subjects afflicted with parasitic and chronic diseases.
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Androutsopoulos VP, Papakyriakou A, Vourloumis D, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA. Dietary flavonoids in cancer therapy and prevention: Substrates and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 CYP1 enzymes. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 126:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lorenz M, Kabir MS, Cook JM. A two step synthesis of BzR/GABAergic active flavones via a Wacker-related oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:1095. [PMID: 20161661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A general route for the synthesis of biologically important flavones is reported via a two step sequence employing a catalytic Wacker-Cook oxidation4b as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lorenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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CYP1-mediated antiproliferative activity of dietary flavonoids in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Toxicology 2009; 264:162-70. [PMID: 19666078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the different mechanisms proposed to explain the cancer-protecting effect of dietary flavonoids, substrate-like interactions with cytochrome P450 CYP1 enzymes have recently been explored. In the present study, the metabolism of the flavonoids chrysin, baicalein, scutellarein, sinensetin and genkwanin by recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP1A2 enzymes, as well as their antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-468 human breast adenocarcinoma and MCF-10A normal breast cell lines, were investigated. Baicalein and 6-hydroxyluteolin were the only conversion products of chrysin and scutellarein metabolism by CYP1 family enzymes, respectively, while baicalein itself was not metabolized further. Sinensetin and genkwanin produced a greater number of metabolites and were shown to inhibit strongly in vitro proliferation of MDA-MB-468 cells at submicromolar and micromolar concentrations, respectively, without essentially affecting the viability of MCF-10A cells. Cotreatment of the CYP1 family inhibitor acacetin reversed the antiproliferative activity noticed for the two flavones in MDA-MB-468 cells to 13 and 14 microM respectively. In contrast chrysin, baicalein and scutellarein inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-468 cells to a lesser extent than sinensetin and genkwanin. The metabolism of genkwanin to apigenin and of chrysin to baicalein was favored by CYP1B1 and CYP1A1, respectively. Taken together the data suggests that CYP1 family enzymes enhance the antiproliferative activity of dietary flavonoids in breast cancer cells, through bioconversion to more active products.
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