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Dantas-Pereira L, Cunha-Junior EF, Andrade-Neto VV, Bower JF, Jardim GAM, da Silva Júnior EN, Torres-Santos EC, Menna-Barreto RFS. Naphthoquinones and Derivatives for Chemotherapy: Perspectives and Limitations of their Anti-trypanosomatids Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1807-1824. [PMID: 33167829 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201109111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, Sleeping sickness and Leishmaniasis, caused by trypanosomatids Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp., respectively, are considered neglected tropical diseases, and they especially affect impoverished populations in the developing world. The available chemotherapies are very limited, and a search for alternatives is still necessary. In folk medicine, natural naphthoquinones have been employed for the treatment of a great variety of illnesses, including parasitic infections. This review is focused on the anti-trypanosomatid activity and mechanistic analysis of naphthoquinones and derivatives. Among all the series of derivatives tested in vitro, naphthoquinone-derived 1,2,3-triazoles were very active on T. cruzi infective forms in blood bank conditions, as well as in amastigotes of Leishmania spp. naphthoquinones containing a CF3 on a phenyl amine ring inhibited T. brucei proliferation in the nanomolar range, and naphthopterocarpanquinones stood out for their activity on a range of Leishmania species. Some of these compounds showed a promising selectivity index (SI) (30 to 1900), supporting further analysis in animal models. Indeed, high toxicity to the host and inactivation by blood components are crucial obstacles to be overcome to use naphthoquinones and/or their derivatives for chemotherapy. Multidisciplinary initiatives embracing medicinal chemistry, bioinformatics, biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology need to be encouraged to allow the optimization of these compounds. Large scale automated tests are pivotal for the efficiency of the screening step, and subsequent evaluation of both the mechanism of action in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo is essential for the development of a novel, specific and safe derivative, minimizing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Dantas-Pereira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edézio F Cunha-Junior
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valter V Andrade-Neto
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Torres-Santos
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubem F S Menna-Barreto
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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do Espirito Santo BLS, Santana LF, Kato Junior WH, de Araújo FDO, Bogo D, Freitas KDC, Guimarães RDCA, Hiane PA, Pott A, Filiú WFDO, Arakaki Asato M, Figueiredo PDO, Bastos PRHDO. Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194513. [PMID: 33019745 PMCID: PMC7582350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia is a genus of Clusiaceae, distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa, New Caledonia, Polynesia, and Brazil. Garcinia plants contain a broad range of biologically active metabolites which, in the last few decades, have received considerable attention due to the chemical compositions of their extracts, with compounds which have been shown to have beneficial effects in several diseases. Our work had the objective of reviewing the benefits of five Garcinia species (G. brasiliensis, G. gardneriana, G. pedunculata, G. cambogia, and G. mangstana). These species provide a rich natural source of bioactive compounds with relevant therapeutic properties and anti-inflammatory effects, such as for the treatment of skin disorders, wounds, pain, and infections, having demonstrated antinociceptive, antioxidant, antitumoral, antifungal, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, vasodilator, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. This demonstrates the relevance of the genus as a rich source of compounds with valuable therapeutic properties, with potential use in the prevention and treatment of nontransmissible chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Larissa Spontoni do Espirito Santo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Wilson Hino Kato Junior
- Graduate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Felipe de Oliveira de Araújo
- Graduate of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Arakaki Asato
- Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratory PRONABio (Bioactive Natural Products)-Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira Bastos
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
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Demenciano SDC, Silva MCBLE, Alexandrino CAF, Kato Junior WH, Figueiredo PDO, Garcez WS, Campos RP, Guimarães RDCA, Sarmento UC, Bogo D. Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143201. [PMID: 32674257 PMCID: PMC7397228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, the antioxidant potential, and the chemical profile obtained from the whole fruit and from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana, a fruit tree from Brazilian Cerrado. To determine in vitro antiproliferative activity, the following neoplastic cell lines were considered, along with an immortalized nontumor cell line. The antioxidant potential was determined, and the evaluation of antiradical air activity was performed. The levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were determined. The chemical profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization interface. The chloroform fraction of the leaf showed antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content had lower values in fruits and higher in leaves. The content of carotenoids for fruits and leaves was expressive. The ethanolic extract and the hexane and chloroform fractions of fruits were active in all neoplastic lines tested. The leaves showed cytotoxic activity in the hexane fraction in the breast carcinoma line. The analysis of data obtained verified the presence of dimers, monomers, and tetramers of hexoses, polycarboxylic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, biflavonoids, and benzophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone da Cunha Demenciano
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
| | - Magalli Costa Barbosa Lima e Silva
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Almeida Farias Alexandrino
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Wilson Hino Kato Junior
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Raquel Pires Campos
- Laboratory PRONABio (Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products)—Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (W.H.K.J.); (P.d.O.F.); (R.P.C.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
| | - Ulana Chaves Sarmento
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Foods, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Molecular Biology and Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Foods and Nutrition (Facfan), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.d.C.D.); (M.C.B.L.eS.); (C.A.F.A.); (D.B.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil;
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Maia NL, de Barros M, de Oliveira LL, Cardoso SA, Dos Santos MH, Pieri FA, Ramalho TC, da Cunha EFF, Moreira MAS. Synergism of Plant Compound With Traditional Antimicrobials Against Streptococcus spp. Isolated From Bovine Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1203. [PMID: 29928266 PMCID: PMC5998740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that causes major losses in the dairy industry. Streptococcus spp. are among the main agents of this disease. Increased resistance to antibiotics is one of the causes of therapeutic failure. Plants, due to their broad chemodiversity, are an interesting source of new molecules with antibacterial activity. Using these compounds along with traditional antibiotics is a possible method for reversing resistance. The objective of this work was to determine the interactions between the activities of guttiferone-A and 7-epiclusianone, two active substances isolated from the fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis, and traditional antibiotics against Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis and known to be resistant to them. First, the MIC for the antibiotics and bioactive compounds was determined, followed by their activities, alone and in combination. Then, their cytotoxicity was measured in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Finally, molecular docking simulations were performed to elucidate molecular details of the interactions between β-lactamase and the compounds binding to it (clavulanic acid, ampicillin, 7-epiclusianone, and guttiferone-A). The bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Both antibiotics showed predominantly synergistic antibacterial activities in combination with guttiferone-A or 7-epiclusianone. These two active substances were not cytotoxic at synergistic concentrations and both showed strong binding to β-lactamase, which may explain the reversal of ampicillin resistance. These substances are promising for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Maia
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Barros
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leandro L de Oliveira
- Immunochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Silvia A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H Dos Santos
- Synthesis of Agrochemicals Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Pieri
- Department of Basic Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria A S Moreira
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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The natural compound 7-epiclusianone inhibits superoxide dismutase activity in Schistosoma mansoni. J Helminthol 2017; 92:535-543. [PMID: 28974276 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis - caused by trematodes from the genus Schistosoma - affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Growing resistance to therapy with praziquantel (PZQ) has encouraged the search for novel treatments against this neglected disease. The compound 7-epiclusianone (7-epi) - isolated from 'bacupari' (the fruit of the Gracinia brasiliensis tree) - has promising activity against Schistosoma mansoni in vitro, damaging the parasite's tegument. However, the target and mechanism of action of 7-epi have not been identified. Here, we examined the possibility that 7-epi harms the tegument by inhibiting parasite superoxide dismutase (SOD), which protects the tegument from damage by reactive oxygen species produced by host immune cells. Molecular docking analysis in silico suggested strong interactions between 7-epi and S. mansoni cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SmCtSOD) at allosteric cavities. Schistosoma mansoni couples were cultivated ex vivo with 12.44-198.96 μm 7-epi for 24 h, and then parasite extracts were tested for lipid peroxidation (as a surrogate for oxidative stress), and SOD activity and expression. Lipid peroxidation levels increased after incubation with concentrations ≥99.48 μm 7-epi, and this compound reduced SOD activity at concentrations ≥24.87 μm. However, contact with 7-epi did not alter SOD expression, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our results show that the inhibition of SmCtSOD is partly responsible for the tegument detachment observed after incubation with 7-epi, but is not the only cause of the antiparasitic action of this compound in vitro.
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Antibacterial Activity of 7-Epiclusianone and Its Novel Copper Metal Complex on Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Their Cytotoxicity in MAC-T Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050823. [PMID: 28513553 PMCID: PMC6154111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma that adversely affects bovine health and dairy production worldwide despite significant efforts to eradicate it. The aim of this work was to characterize the antimicrobial activity of 7-epiclusianone (7-epi), a compound extracted from the Rheedia brasiliensis fruit, its complex with copper against Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis, and to assess their cytotoxicity to bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T). The complex 7-epiclusianone-Cu (7-epi-Cu) was an amorphous green solid with optical activity. Its vibrational spectrum in the infrared region showed absorption bands in the high-frequency region, as well as bands that can be attributed to the unconjugated and conjugated stretching of the free ligand. The complex was anhydrous. One of the tested bacterial strains was not sensitive to the compounds, while the other three had MIC values of 7.8 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values between 15.6 and 31.3 µg mL-1. These two compounds are bacteriostatic, did not cause damage to the cell wall and, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, did not induce bacterial adhesion. The compounds were not cytotoxic. Based on these results, 7-epi and 7-epi-Cu exhibited desirable antimicrobial properties and could potentially be used in bovine mastitis treatment.
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Natural polyprenylated benzophenone: keto-enol tautomerism from density functional calculations and the AIM theory. J Mol Model 2017; 23:140. [PMID: 28361442 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to investigate the structure and tautomeric equilibrium of epiclusianone, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone with interesting biological activities. Two different exchange-correlation functionals were employed, namely ωB97x-D and M06-2x, including implicit solvent models (benzene and DMSO). Our results for the thermodynamic properties show that the isomer in which the H atom is bonded to the oxygen away from the benzene ring is the most stable tautomer form of the epiclusianone, thus confirming previous charge density analysis from X-ray diffraction data (Martins et al. J Braz Chem Soc 18(8):1515-1523, 22).
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A systematic review for anti-inflammatory property of clusiaceae family: a preclinical approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:960258. [PMID: 24976853 PMCID: PMC4058220 DOI: 10.1155/2014/960258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Clusiaceae family (sensu lato) is extensively used in ethnomedicine for treating a number of disease conditions which include cancer, inflammation, and infection. The aim of this review is to report the pharmacological potential of plants of Clusiaceae family with the anti-inflammatory activity in animal experiments. Methods. A systematic review about experiments investigating anti-inflammatory activity of Clusiaceae family was carried out by searching bibliographic databases such as Medline, Scopus and Embase. In this update, the search terms were "anti-inflammatory agents," "Clusiaceae," and "animals, laboratory." Results. A total of 255 publications with plants this family were identified. From the initial 255 studies, a total of 21 studies were selected for the final analysis. Studies with genera Allanblackia, Clusia, Garcinia or Rheedia, and Hypericum showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The findings include a decrease of total leukocytes, a number of neutrophils, total protein concentration, granuloma formation, and paw or ear edema formation. Other interesting findings included decreased of the MPO activity, and inflammatory mediators such as NF- κ B and iNOS expression, PGE2 and Il-1 β levels and a decrease in chronic inflammation. Conclusion. The data reported suggests the anti-inflammatory effect potential of Clusiaceae family in animal experiments.
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Wu SB, Long C, Kennelly EJ. Structural diversity and bioactivities of natural benzophenones. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1158-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural benzophenones are a class of compounds with more than 300 members, mainly in the Clusiaceae family. We review key benzophenones, and provide an in-depth discussion of their great structural diversity and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Biao Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Minzu Unversity of China
- Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Lehman College, and The Graduate Center
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Minzu Unversity of China
- Beijing 100081, China
| | - Edward J. Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Minzu Unversity of China
- Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Lehman College, and The Graduate Center
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Anholeti da Silva MC, Heringer AP, Figueiredo MR, de Paiva SR. SEPARATION OF CLUSIANONE FROM CLUSIA FLUMINENSIS PLANCH. AND TRIANA (CLUSIACEAE) BY HIGH SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY (HSCCC). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.631261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Anholeti da Silva
- a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Setor de Botânica/Pós graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Alan Patrick Heringer
- b Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Maria Raquel Figueiredo
- b Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Selma Ribeiro de Paiva
- a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Setor de Botânica/Pós graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
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Santa-Cecília FV, Santos GB, Fuzissaki CN, Derogis PB, Freitas LA, Gontijo VS, Stringheta PC, Nagem TJ, Brigagão MR, Santos MHD. 7-Epiclusianone, the Natural Prenylated Benzophenone, Inhibits Superoxide Anions in the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst. J Med Food 2012; 15:200-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V. Santa-Cecília
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gérsika B. Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina N. Fuzissaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B.M.C. Derogis
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lissara A.S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S. Gontijo
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Stringheta
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tanus J. Nagem
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maísa R.P.L. Brigagão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Santa-Cecília FV, Freitas LA, Vilela FC, Veloso CDC, da Rocha CQ, Moreira ME, Dias DF, Giusti-Paiva A, dos Santos MH. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of 7-epiclusianone, a prenylated benzophenone from Garcinia brasiliensis. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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The total synthesis of hyperpapuanone, hyperibone L, epi-clusianone and oblongifolin A. Nat Chem 2011; 3:938-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Arantes JM, Francisco AF, de Abreu Vieira PM, Silva M, Araújo MSS, de Carvalho AT, Pedrosa ML, Carneiro CM, Tafuri WL, Martins-Filho OA, Elói-Santos SM. Trypanosoma cruzi: desferrioxamine decreases mortality and parasitemia in infected mice through a trypanostatic effect. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:401-8. [PMID: 21620835 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) is a potent iron chelator that is also known to modulate inflammation and act as an efficient antioxidant under normal conditions and under oxidative stress. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the efficacy of DFO in the treatment of viral, bacterial and protozoan infections. DFO is known to reduce the intensity of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice even during a course of therapy that is not effective in maintaining anaemia or low iron levels. To further clarify these findings, we investigated the action of DFO on mouse T. cruzi infection outcomes and the direct impact of DFO on parasites. Infected animals treated with DFO (5 mg/animal/day) for 35 days, beginning 14 days prior to infection, presented lower parasitemia and lower cumulative mortality rate. No significant effect was observed on iron metabolism markers, erythrograms, leukograms or lymphocyte subsets. In the rapid method for testing in vivo T. cruzi susceptibility, DFO also induced lower parasitemia. In regard to its direct impact on parasites, DFO slightly inhibited the growth of amastigotes and trypomastigotes in fibroblast culture. Trypan blue staining showed no effects of DFO on parasite viability, and only minor apoptosis in trypomastigotes was observed. Nevertheless, a clear decrease in parasite mobility was detected. In conclusion, the beneficial actions of DFO on mice T. cruzi infection seem to be independent of host iron metabolism and free of significant haematological side effects. Through direct action on the parasite, DFO has more effective trypanostatic than trypanocidal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusa Marilda Arantes
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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15
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Carroll AR, Suraweera L, King G, Rali T, Quinn RJ. Guttiferones O and P, prenylated benzophenone MAPKAPK-2 inhibitors from Garcinia solomonensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1699-1701. [PMID: 19681589 DOI: 10.1021/np900246t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two prenylated benzophenones, guttiferones O (1) and P (2), were isolated from the stem bark of the Papua New Guinean plant Garcina solomonensis. The structures of these compounds and their relative configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods. Both compounds inhibited the phosphorylation of the synthetic biotinylated peptide substrate KKLNRTLSVA by the serine/threonine protein kinase MAPKAPK-2 with IC(50) values of 22.0 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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16
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Identification of a bioactive compound isolated from Brazilian propolis type 6. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5332-5. [PMID: 19497755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A prenylated benzophenone, hyperibone A, was isolated from the hexane fraction of Brazilian propolis type 6. Its structure was determined by spectral analysis including 2D NMR. This compound exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa tumor cells (IC(50)=0.1756microM), strong antimicrobial activity (MIC range-0.73-6.6microg/mL; MBC range-2.92-106microg/mL) against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Actinomyces naeslundii, and the results of its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were considered good.
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17
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Naldoni F, Claudino A, Cruz J, Chavasco J, e Silva PF, Veloso M, Santos MD. Antimicrobial Activity of Benzophenones and Extracts from the Fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis. J Med Food 2009; 12:403-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F.J. Naldoni
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A.L.R. Claudino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Básica e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.W. Cruz
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.K. Chavasco
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Básica e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P.M. Faria e Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Básica e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M.P. Veloso
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M.H. Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Química Medicinal, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Almeida LSB, Murata RM, Yatsuda R, Dos Santos MH, Nagem TJ, Alencar SM, Koo H, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial activity of Rheedia brasiliensis and 7-epiclusianone against Streptococcus mutans. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:886-891. [PMID: 18276126 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Rheedia brasiliensis fruit (bacupari) and its bioactive compound against Streptococcus mutans. Hexane, ethyl-acetate and ethanolic extracts obtained (concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 800 microg/ml) were tested against S. mutans UA159 through MIC/MBC assays. S. mutans 5-days-old biofilms were treated with the active extracts (100 x MIC) for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4h (time-kill) and plated for colony counting (CFU/ml). Active extracts were submitted to exploratory chemical analyses so as to isolate and identify the bioactive compound using spectroscopic methods. The bioactive compound (concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 80 microg/ml) was then tested through MIC/MBC assays. Peel and seed hexane extracts showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells at low concentrations and were thus selected for the time kill test. These hexane extracts reduced S. mutans biofilm viability after 4h, certifying of the bioactive compound presence. The bioactive compound identified was the polyprenylated benzophenone 7-epiclusianone, which showed a good antimicrobial activity at low concentrations (MIC: 1.25-2.5 microg/ml; MBC: 10-20 microg/ml). The results indicated that 7-epiclusianone may be used as a new agent to control S. mutans biofilms; however, more studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of action and the anticariogenic potential of such compound found in R. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S B Almeida
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Castardo JC, Prudente AS, Ferreira J, Guimarães CL, Monache FD, Filho VC, Otuki MF, Cabrini DA. Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:405-411. [PMID: 18555627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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20
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Murata RM, Branco de Almeida LS, Yatsuda R, Dos Santos MH, Nagem TJ, Rosalen PL, Koo H. Inhibitory effects of 7-epiclusianone on glucan synthesis, acidogenicity and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 282:174-81. [PMID: 18371068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 7-epiclusianone, a new prenylated benzophenone isolated from the plant Rheedia gardneriana, on some of the virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans associated with biofilm development and acidogenicity. The synthesis of glucans by glucosyltransferases B (GTF B) and C (GTF C) was markedly reduced by 7-epiclusianone showing more than 80% inhibition of enzymatic activity at a concentration of 100 microg mL(-1). Double-reciprocal analysis (Lineweaver-Burk plots) revealed that the inhibition of GTF B activity was noncompetitive (mixed) while GTF C was inhibited uncompetitively. The glycolytic pH drop by S. mutans cells was also disrupted by 7-epiclusianone without affecting the bacterial viability, an effect that can be attributed, in part, to inhibition of F-ATPase activity (61.1+/-3.0% inhibition at 100 microg mL(-1)). Furthermore, topical applications (1-min exposure, twice daily) of 7-epiclusianone (at 250 microg mL(-1)) disrupted biofilm formation and physiology. The biomass (dry-weight), extracellular insoluble polysaccharide concentration and acidogenicity of the biofilms were significantly reduced by the test agent (P<0.05). The data show that 7-epiclusianone disrupts the extracellular and intracellular sugar metabolism of S. mutans, and holds promise as a novel, naturally occurring compound to prevent biofilm-related oral diseases.
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21
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Derogis PBMC, Martins FT, de Souza TC, de C Moreira ME, Souza Filho JD, Doriguetto AC, de Souza KRD, Veloso MP, Dos Santos MH. Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of garciniaphenone and keto-enol equilibrium statements for prenylated benzophenones. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:278-282. [PMID: 18236418 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the structural elucidation by IR, UV and MS spectroscopic data along with 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of two benzophenones isolated from the fruit pericarp of Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. (Clusiaceae): garciniaphenone, (1R,5S,7S)-3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-5,7-di(3-methyl-2-butenyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-dione, a novel triprenylated benzophenone; and 7-epi-clusianone, a tetraprenylated benzophenone that has already been extracted from another species of the same family. Furthermore, the keto-enol tautomeric equilibrium at solution-state was described for these compounds by 1D and 2D NMR spectral methods and one attempt to rationalize the different ratios between the noted tautomers was based on stereochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla B M C Derogis
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas-UNIFAL-MG, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 714, CEP 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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22
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Xiao ZY, Mu Q, Shiu WKP, Zeng YH, Gibbons S. Polyisoprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1779-1782. [PMID: 18038963 DOI: 10.1021/np0704147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation using multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus resulted in the isolation of four new polyprenylated benzophloroglucinol derivatives, sampsoniones N-Q (1-4), and four known compounds, 7-epiclusianone (5) and sampsoniones B, L, and R, from the roots of Hypericum sampsonii. The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of spectroscopic data, and the structures of 4 and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. In the bioassay, 7-epiclusianone (5) showed promising activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.3 microM against the NorA overexpressing MDR S. aureus strain SA-1199B; the positive control antibiotic norfloxacin showed activity at MIC 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ciochina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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24
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Cruz AJ, Lemos VS, dos Santos MH, Nagem TJ, Cortes SF. Vascular effects of 7-epiclusianone, a prenylated benzophenone from Rheedia gardneriana, on the rat aorta. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13:442-5. [PMID: 16716915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The vascular effects of 7-epiclusianone on the rat aorta were investigated. In the rat aortic rings with functional endothelia, 7-epiclusianone up to 10microM induced a concentration-dependent vasodilatation of the sustained contractions induced by phenylephrine (0.3microM). At concentrations higher than 10microM, 7-epiclusianone induced a concentration-dependent contraction in the aortic rings. The vasodilator effect of 7-epiclusianone was drastically decreased with L-NAME (100microM) as well as in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Moreover, indomethacin (10microM) induced a significant shift to the left in the vasodilator but did not modify the vasoconstrictor effect of 7-epiclusianone. In arteries without pre-contraction, 7-epiclusianone (3-100microM) induced concentration-dependent contraction only in endothelium-intact and in the presence of L-NAME (100microM). This effect was inhibited by indomethacin (10microM) and ZM230487 (1microM), selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and of 5-lipoxygenase, respectively. We can conclude that at low concentrations 7-epiclusianone induces an endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect in rat aortic rings. At higher concentrations and in conditions where NO synthase was inhibited, 7-epiclusianone induces a vasocontractile effect. Nitric oxide seems to participate in the vasodilatation, while endothelial cyclooxygenase- and 5-lipoxygenase-derived products play a role in the vasoconstrictor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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25
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Cuesta-Rubio O, Piccinelli AL, Rastrelli L. Chemistry and biological activity of polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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26
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Baggett S, Mazzola EP, Kennelly EJ. The benzophenones: Isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Abstract
In this "Critical Review" we made a historical introduction of drugs assayed against Chagas disease beginning in 1912 with the works of Mayer and Rocha Lima up to the experimental use of nitrofurazone. In the beginning of the 70s, nifurtimox and benznidazole were introduced for clinical treatment, but results showed a great variability and there is still a controversy about their use for chronic cases. After the introduction of these nitroheterocycles only a few compounds were assayed in chagasic patients. The great advances in vector control in the South Cone countries, and the demonstration of parasite in chronic patients indicated the urgency to discuss the etiologic treatment during this phase, reinforcing the need to find drugs with more efficacy and less toxicity. We also review potential targets in the parasite and present a survey about new classes of synthetic and natural compounds studied after 1992/1993, with which we intend to give to the reader a general view about experimental studies in the area of the chemotherapy of Chagas disease, complementing the previous papers of Brener (1979) and De Castro (1993).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodriques Coura
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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28
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Biavatti MW, Vieira PC, Fernandes JB, Albuquerque S, Magalhães CM, Pagnocca FC. Chemistry and bioactivity of Raulinoa echinata Cowan, an endemic Brazilian Rutaceae species. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 8:121-124. [PMID: 11315754 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The hexane extract of the stems of Raulinoa echinata afforded the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (6), 1beta,6alpha-dihydroxy-4-(15)-eudesmene (4) and oplopanone (5); the triterpenes squalene, isomultiflorenol (7), isobauerenol (8) and friedelin (9); the protolimonoids melianone (2) and melianodiol (3); and the pyranocoumarin 3-(1'-1'-dimethylallyl)-lomatin (1), which has not been reported previously as a natural product; together with beta-sitosterol. The hexane extract and some of these compounds were assayed in vitro against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Brine shrimp lethality and antimicrobial activities of the crude extract and pure compounds were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Biavatti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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