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Yang HD, Tang ZS, Xue TT, Xu HL, Hou BL, Zhu YY, Su ZH, Xu HB. Monoterpenoids from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and their inhibitory effects on neutrophil elastase, 5-lipoxygenase, andcyclooxygenase-2 in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113851. [PMID: 37683990 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four monoterpenoids, including three previously undescribed compounds (1-3), were isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith (Acanthopanacis Cortex). Their structures were unambiguously established based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESIMS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR), and the absolute configurations of 1-3 were elucidated by comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In addition, the structure of 8 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory activities of 1-24 against neutrophil elastase, 5-lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were studied in vitro for the first time, and the results showed that compound 24 possessed a significant inhibitory effect on COX-2 with an IC50 value of 1.53 ± 0.10 μΜ. This research first reported the presence of monoterpenoids in Acanthopanacis Cortex, including one monoterpenoid 2 with an unusual 4/5 bicyclic lactone system, and compounds 4 and 5 have never been reported in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Dong Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Tao-Tao Xue
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Huai-Li Xu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Ya-Ya Zhu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Zeng-Hu Su
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China.
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Kharb A, Sharma S, Sharma A, Nirwal N, Pandey R, Bhattacharyya D, Chauhan RS. Capturing acyltransferase(s) transforming final step in the biosynthesis of a major Iridoid Glycoside, (Picroside-II) in a Himalayan Medicinal Herb, Picrorhiza kurroa. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5567-5576. [PMID: 35581509 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picrorhiza kurroa has been reported as an age-old ayurvedic hepato-protection to treat hepatic disorders due to the presence of iridoids such as picroside-II (P-II), picroside-I, and kutkoside. The acylation of catalpol and vanilloyl coenzyme A by acyltransferases (ATs) is critical step in P-II biosynthesis. Since accumulation of P-II occurs only in roots, rhizomes and stolons in comparison to leaves uprooting of this critically endangered herb has been the only source of this compound. Recently, we reported that P-II acylation likely happen in roots, while stolons serve as the vital P-II storage compartment. Therefore, developing an alternate engineered platform for P-II biosynthesis require identification of P-II specific AT/s. METHODS AND RESULTS In that direction, egg-NOG function annotated 815 ATs from de novo RNA sequencing of tissue culture based 'shoots-only' system and nursery grown shoots, roots, and stolons varying in P-II content, were cross-compared in silico to arrive at ATs sequences unique and/or common to stolons and roots. Verification for organ and accession-wise upregulation in gene expression of these ATs by qRT-PCR has shortlisted six putative 'P-II-forming' ATs. Further, six-frame translation, ab initio protein structure modelling and protein-ligand molecular docking of these ATs signified one MBOAT domain containing AT with preferential binding to the vanillic acid CoA thiol ester as well as with P-II, implying that this could be potential AT decorating final structure of P-II. CONCLUSIONS Organ-wise comparative transcriptome mining coupled with reverse transcription real time qRT-PCR and protein-ligand docking led to the identification of an acyltransferases, contributing to the final structure of P-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Kharb
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeti Nirwal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roma Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipto Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Bennett University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants in Myanmar. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 114:135-251. [PMID: 33792861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59444-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myanmar is a country with rich natural resources and of these, medicinal plants play a vital role in the primary health care of its population. The people of Myanmar have used their own system of traditional medicine inclusive of the use of medicinal plants for 2000 years. However, systematic and scientific studies have only recently begun to be reported. Researchers from Japan, Germany, and Korea have collaborated with researchers in Myanmar on medicinal plants since 2000. During the past two decades, over 50 publications have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Altogether, 433 phytoconstituents, including 147 new and 286 known compounds from 26 plant species consisting of 29 samples native to Myanmar, have been collated. In this contribution, phytochemical and biological investigations of these plants, including information on traditional knowledge are compiled and discussed.
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Ma S, Wang X, Lai F, Lou C. The beneficial pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of picroside II: Evidence of its benefits from in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 130:110421. [PMID: 32674016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa, the dried rhizome of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth, is a famous Chinese herb that has been traditionally used in China. Picroside II (PII), a glycoside derivative, is the main bioactive constituent of Picrorhiza kurroa. In the past several decades, bioactive components from Picrorhiza kurroa have attracted the attention of researchers due to their promising therapeutic effects. A large number of studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of PII for the prevention and treatment of some diseases, such as organic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, liver damage, inflammation, cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. In the present paper, we aimed to provide an overview of the pharmacology of PII, focusing on its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Meanwhile, the plant tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic properties were also described. Due to its beneficial pharmacological effects in I/R injury, PII may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for organic I/R injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangying Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feifan Lai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chenghua Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Morikawa T, Inoue N, Nakanishi Y, Manse Y, Matsuura H, Okino K, Hamasaki S, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O, Ninomiya K. Collagen synthesis-promoting and collagenase inhibitory activities of constituents isolated from the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104584. [PMID: 32247053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new acylated phenylethanoid glycosides, kurroaosides A (14), B (15), and C (16), and a new acylated cucurbitane-type triterpene glycoside, kurroaoside D (17), were isolated from a methanol extract of the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Plantaginaceae) along with 29 known isolates including 10 acylated phenylethanoid glycosides (18-27), three cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides (32-34), and a nortriterpene glycoside (35). The structures of these new compounds (14-17), including their stereochemistry, were determined based on chemical and physicochemical evidence derived from NMR and MS analysis. Among the isolates, acylated iridoid glycosides, picrosides I (8), II (9), III (10), and IV (11) and 6-feruloylcatalpol (12), phenylethanoid glycosides (14-16), triterpene glycosides, cucurbitacin B 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (32) and 25-acetoxy-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5-en-22-one (35), and an acetophenone glycoside, picein (36), significantly promoted collagen synthesis at 10-30 μM, with no cytotoxicity being observed at the effective concentrations. Furthermore, acylated phenylethanoid glycosides, calceolarioside A (19, IC50 = 69.2 μM), plantamajoside (20, 51.8 μM), isoplantamajoside (21, 76.8 μM), and scroside E (23, 65.5 μM), exhibited collagenase inhibitory activity equivalent to that of positive agents caffeic acid (75.6 μM) and epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (75.4 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Okino
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Hamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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6
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Morikawa T, Nakanishi Y, Inoue N, Manse Y, Matsuura H, Hamasaki S, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O, Ninomiya K. Acylated iridoid glycosides with hyaluronidase inhibitory activity from the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112185. [PMID: 31678786 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seven new acylated iridoid glycosides, picrorhizaosides A-G (1-7), were isolated from the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Plantaginaceae), in addition to six known iridoid glycosides (8-13). The structures of these new iridoids, including their stereochemistry, were determined based on chemical and physicochemical evidence derived from NMR and MS analysis. Of the isolates, picrorhizaosides D (4, IC50 = 43.4 μM) and E (5, 35.8 μM); picrosides I (8, 60.7 μM), II (9, 22.3 μM), and IV (11, 59.2 μM); and minecoside (13, 57.2 μM), exhibited a similar or stronger hyaluronidase inhibitory activity than those of the antiallergic medicines disodium cromoglycate (64.8 μM), ketotifen fumarate (76.5 μM), and tranilast (227 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Hamasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan; Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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7
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Barsain BL, Yadav SK. Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth., an Endangered Himalayan Elixir- Medicinal Importance and Exploration of Biotechnological Approaches in Picroside Production. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190625144322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the history of P. kurrooa Royle ex Benth., popularly known as “Kutki
or Kadu” dates back to the Vedic era, it has only been about 69 years since research has focussed
on exploring its pharmacological properties. It is a small perennial medicinal herb
that belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family. Found primarily in the north-western alpine
Himalayan region at the altitudes of 3000-4300 meters (amsl), the plant has immense
therapeutic and medicinal properties. Uniquely gifted, the plant holds its reputation in the
modern system of medicine in the treatment of liver disorders. The species has earned an
endangered status lately due to various issues like unawareness on its conservation,
harvesting methods, and cultivation besides others. Therefore, various new scientific
methods are being developed for its propagation and conservation. This article provides an
overview of the therapeutic properties, various mode of propagation as well as the molecular
aspects of P. kurrooa. Also, the metabolic engineering strategies to modulate its secondary
metabolite picrosides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Lalhal Barsain
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061 (HP), India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061 (HP), India
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8
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Zhang LQ, Chen KX, Li YM. Bioactivities of Natural Catalpol Derivatives. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6149-6173. [PMID: 31218947 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol, a famous molecule of iridoids, possesses extensive pharmacological activities. Our studies found that compounds with low-polarity substituents at the 6-O position of catalpol exhibited higher NF-κB inhibitory potency than catalpol. However, catalpol derivatives are not much focused. Here this review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring catalpol derivatives discovered from 1888 until 2018. It covers their distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and bioactivities from more than 200 peer-reviewed articles, and highlights the structure-activity relationship of catalpol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Win NN, Kodama T, Lae KZW, Win YY, Ngwe H, Abe I, Morita H. Bis-iridoid and iridoid glycosides: Viral protein R inhibitors from Picrorhiza kurroa collected in Myanmar. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:101-107. [PMID: 30794917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new bis-iridoid glycosides, saungmaygaosides A-D (1-4), and six known iridoid glycosides (5-10) were isolated from the n-butanol extract of the stems of Picrorhiza kurroa collected in Myanmar. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques. All of the isolates were assayed for anti-Vpr activity, using TREx-HeLa-Vpr cells. Among the isolates, saungmaygaoside D (4), sylvestroside IV dimethyl acetal (7), and sweroside (8) were the most potent inhibitors with effective doses of 5 and 10 μM, respectively, without showing any notable cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwet Nwet Win
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kodama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, 1-1 Iijimabunkyo-cho, 011-8511 Akita, Japan
| | | | - Yi Yi Win
- Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon 11041, Myanmar
| | - Hla Ngwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon 11041, Myanmar
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Demand, End-Uses, and Conservation of Alpine Medicinal Plant Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D. Y. Hong in Central Himalaya. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6024263. [PMID: 30018658 PMCID: PMC6029480 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6024263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D. Y. Hong of Scrophulariaceae family (hereinafter referred to as Neopicrorhiza) has medicinally important rhizomes with high levels of trade. What factors drive demand for Neopicrorhiza in Central Himalaya is unknown. In this context, a nationwide comprehensive survey was conducted from September 2016 to March 2017 to assess demand, end-uses, and conservation of dry Neopicrorhiza rhizomes in Nepal. A total of 2313 herbal products were surveyed for Neopicrorhiza as an ingredient in 38 retailer shops. Processing industries of Neopicrorhiza in Nepal were interviewed using structured questionnaire. There were 23 herbal industries manufacturing 45 types of ayurvedic medicines as end-products containing Neopicrorhiza. The volume and value of annual demand for dry rhizomes of Neopicrorhiza in Nepal were found as 6076 kg and NRs 8573236 (USD 83235.30), respectively, in 2015/016 with average 264.17 kg/industry and NRs 1410.87 (USD 13.69) per kg. The major uses of ayurvedic medicines containing Neopicrorhiza were to treat a number of disease categories: cardiovascular system/liver (17), cardiovascular system/blood (6), nervous system (6), dermatological system (4), musculoskeletal system (3), digestive system (2), respiratory system (2), genitourinal system (4), and others (1). Despite changing legal regulation, trade and consumption of Neopicrorhiza exist in Nepal. It can be concluded that domestic consumption is not the major cause of resource depletion of Neopicrorhiza in Nepal.
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Kil YS, Kim SM, Kang U, Chung HY, Seo EK. Peroxynitrite-Scavenging Glycosides from the Stem Bark of Catalpa ovata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2240-2251. [PMID: 28787158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ten new glycosides, 6,10-O-di-trans-feruloyl catalpol (1), 6,6'-O-di-trans-feruloyl catalpol (2), 3,4-dihydro-6-O-di-trans-feruloyl catalpol (10), (8R,7'S,8'R)-lariciresinol 9'-O-β-d-(6-O-trans-feruloyl)glucopyranoside (17), and ovatosides A-F (18-22, 24), were isolated from the stem bark of Catalpa ovata along with 19 known compounds. All isolates, except 6 (catalposide) and 9 (6-O-veratroyl catalpol), were found to scavenge peroxynitrite (ONOO-) formed by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. In particular, 12 compounds showed potent activity, with IC50 values in the range 0.14-2.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kil
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Pusan 46241, Korea
| | - Unwoo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Pusan 46241, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
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12
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de Oliveira Silva E, Batista R. Ferulic Acid and Naturally Occurring Compounds Bearing a Feruloyl Moiety: A Review on Their Structures, Occurrence, and Potential Health Benefits. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:580-616. [PMID: 33371567 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, also known as ferulic acid (FA), constitutes a bioactive ingredient of many foods that may offer beneficial effects against disorders related to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant properties of FA, establishing relationships to several biological activities already described for this natural product. Next, 387 naturally occurring compounds, all isolated from plants and published between 1990 and 2015, the structures of which bear 1 or more feruloyl moieties, are covered in this review along with their structural formulas, botanical sources, and bioactivities. The compounds' distribution, structural patterns, bioactivities, and perspectives on food research are also succinctly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane de Oliveira Silva
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry, Federal Univ. of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ronan Batista
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry, Federal Univ. of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Tang HY, Bai MM, Tian JM, Pescitelli G, Ivšić T, Huang XH, Lee H, Son YN, Kim JH, Kim YH, Gao JM. Chemical components from the seeds of Catalpa bungei and their inhibitions of soluble epoxide hydrolase, cholinesterase and nuclear factor kappa B activities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
22 compounds, including two rare cage chlorinated iridoids, bungosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated fromCatalpa bungei. of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE, and NF-κB activity.
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14
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Molecular characterization of UGT94F2 and UGT86C4, two glycosyltransferases from Picrorhiza kurrooa: comparative structural insight and evaluation of substrate recognition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73804. [PMID: 24066073 PMCID: PMC3774767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are pivotal in the process of glycosylation for decorating natural products with sugars. It is one of the versatile mechanisms in determining chemical complexity and diversity for the production of suite of pharmacologically active plant natural products. Picrorhiza kurrooa is a highly reputed medicinal herb known for its hepato-protective properties which are attributed to a novel group of iridoid glycosides known as picrosides. Although the plant is well studied in terms of its pharmacological properties, very little is known about the biosynthesis of these important secondary metabolites. In this study, we identified two family-1 glucosyltransferases from P. kurrooa. The full length cDNAs of UGT94F4 and UGT86C4 contained open reading frames of 1455 and 1422 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 484 and 473 amino acids respectively. UGT94F2 and UGT86C4 showed differential expression pattern in leaves, rhizomes and inflorescence. To elucidate whether the differential expression pattern of the two Picrorhiza UGTs correlate with transcriptional regulation via their promoters and to identify elements that could be recognized by known iridoid-specific transcription factors, upstream regions of each gene were isolated and scanned for putative cis-regulatory elements. Interestingly, the presence of cis-regulatory elements within the promoter regions of each gene correlated positively with their expression profiles in response to different phytohormones. HPLC analysis of picrosides extracted from different tissues and elicitor-treated samples showed a significant increase in picroside levels, corroborating well with the expression profile of UGT94F2 possibly indicating its implication in picroside biosynthesis. Using homology modeling and molecular docking studies, we provide an insight into the donor and acceptor specificities of both UGTs identified in this study. UGT94F2 was predicted to be an iridoid-specific glucosyltransferase having maximum binding affinity towards 7-deoxyloganetin while as UGT86C4 was predicted to be a kaempferol-specific glucosyltransferase. These are the first UGTs being reported from P. kurrooa.
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A Picrorhiza kurroa derivative, picroliv, attenuates the development of dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:751629. [PMID: 23125487 PMCID: PMC3480037 DOI: 10.1155/2012/751629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Picroliv, a Picrorhiza kurroa derivative, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of picroliv on experimental model of UC in mice. Materials and Methods. Picroliv was administrated orally by gavage to mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histology score were observed. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and SOD, MDA concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while the expression of cytokine mRNAs was studied by real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and also ELISA. The expression of NF-κB p65 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. Results. A significant improvement was observed in DAI and histological score in mice treated with picroliv, and incerased MPO activity, MDA concentrations, and the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB p65 in mice with DSS-induced colitis were significantly reduced while decreased SOD level increased following administration of picroliv. Conclusion. The administration of picroliv leads to an amelioration of DSS-induced colitis, suggesting administration of picroliv may provide a therapeutic approach for UC.
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Viljoen A, Mncwangi N, Vermaak I. Anti-inflammatory iridoids of botanical origin. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:2104-27. [PMID: 22414102 PMCID: PMC3873812 DOI: 10.2174/092986712800229005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a manifestation of a wide range of disorders which include; arthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, physical injury and infection amongst many others. Common treatment modalities are usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, paracetamol, indomethacin and ibuprofen as well as corticosteroids such as prednisone. These however, may be associated with a host of side effects due to non-selectivity for cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes involved in inflammation and those with selectivity may be highly priced. Thus, there is a continuing search for safe and effective antiinflammatory molecules from natural sources. Research has confirmed that iridoids exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activity which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammation. Iridoids are secondary metabolites present in various plants, especially in species belonging to the Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Verbenaceae families. Many of these ethnobotanicals have an illustrious history of traditional use alluding to their use to treat inflammation. Although iridoids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as cardiovascular, hepatoprotection, hypoglycaemic, antimutagenic, antispasmodic, anti-tumour, antiviral, immunomodulation and purgative effects this review will acutely focus on their anti-inflammatory properties. The paper aims to present a summary for the most prominent iridoid-containing plants for which anti-inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in vitro and / or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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17
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El-Beltagi HS, Ahmed OK, El-Desouky W. Effect of low doses γ-irradiation on oxidative stress and secondary metabolites production of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) callus culture. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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An N, Wang D, Zhu T, Zeng S, Cao Y, Cui J, Deng X, Song Y. Effects of scrocaffeside A from Picrorhiza Scrophulariiflora on immunocyte function in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:451-8. [PMID: 19694604 DOI: 10.1080/08923970902783092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora is a traditionally used herb for the treatment of various diseases, including tumors and liver infections. In the present report, one glycoside from the methanol extract of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, scrocaffeside A, shows immunomodulatory properties by structure. So we measured various indicators of mammalian immune cells to test its immunostimulation potential. The scrocaffeside A enhanced proliferation of splenocytes and their response to polyclonal T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There was also a significant increase in the activity of peritoneal macrophages and natural killer cell when treated with doses of scrocaffeside A between 5 microg/ml and 125 microg/ml. A dose-dependent increase was also observed in the populations of mature T cell subsets. The production of cytokines and the CD4/CD8 population of splenocytes were also elevated. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, and (IFN)-gamma expressed by cultured splenocytes were significantly increased when the cells were exposed to scrocaffeside A. These results indicate that scrocaffeside A may exert immunoenhancement effects on immune system. In addition to its traditional use in some diseases, it may become a new immunostimulating agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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19
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Mohamed AA, Khalil AA, El-Beltagi HES. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of kaff maryam ( Anastatica hierochuntica) and doum palm ( Hyphaene thebaica). GRASAS Y ACEITES 2009. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.064509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Bhandari P, Kumar N, Singh B, Gupta AP, Kaul VK, Ahuja PS. Stability-Indicating LC–PDA Method for Determination of Picrosides in Hepatoprotective Indian Herbal Preparations of Picrorhiza kurroa. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Harikumar KB, Ahn KS, Badmaev V, Aggarwal BB. Modification of cysteine residue in p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by picroliv suppresses NF-kappaB-regulated gene products and potentiates apoptosis. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8861-70. [PMID: 18974130 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Picroliv, an iridoid glycoside derived from the plant Picrorhiza kurroa, is used traditionally to treat fever, asthma, hepatitis, and other inflammatory conditions. However, the exact mechanism of its therapeutic action is still unknown. Because nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation plays a major role in inflammation and carcinogenesis, we postulated that picroliv must interfere with this pathway by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB-mediated signal cascade. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that pretreatment with picroliv abrogated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced activation of NF-kappaB. The glycoside also inhibited NF-kappaB activated by carcinogenic and inflammatory agents, such as cigarette smoke condensate, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, okadaic acid, hydrogen peroxide, lipopolysaccharide, and epidermal growth factor. When examined for the mechanism of action, we found that picroliv inhibited activation of IkappaBalpha kinase, leading to inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. It also inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65. Further studies revealed that picroliv directly inhibits the binding of p65 to DNA, which was reversed by the treatment with reducing agents, suggesting a role for a cysteine residue in interaction with picroliv. Mutation of Cys(38) in p65 to serine abolished this effect of picroliv. NF-kappaB inhibition by picroliv leads to suppression of NF-kappaB-regulated proteins, including those linked with cell survival (inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, and TNF receptor-associated factor 2), proliferation (cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor), and invasion (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9). Suppression of these proteins enhanced apoptosis induced by TNF. Overall, our results show that picroliv inhibits the NF-kappaB activation pathway, which may explain its anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Anand
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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22
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23
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Ma Y, Cheng S, Leski ML, Luo D, He J. Development and Validation of a Sensitive LC–Tandem-MS Method for the Quantitative Determination of Picroside II in Rat Plasma. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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XIAO YJ, JIANG ZZ, YAO JC, HUANG X, HUANG JF, WANG T, ZHANG LY. Investigation of Picroside II's Impacts on the P450 Activities Using a Cocktail Method. Chin J Nat Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(09)60024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Choudhary MI, Naheed N, Abbaskhan A, Musharraf SG, Siddiqui H. Phenolic and other constituents of fresh water fern Salvinia molesta. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1018-1023. [PMID: 18177906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two glycosides, 6'-O-(3,4-dihydroxy benzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), and 4-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside-3-hydroxy methyl benzoate (2), along with five known compounds methyl benzoate (3), hypogallic acid (4), caffeic acid (5), paeoniflorin (6) and pikuroside (7) were isolated for the first time from a fresh water fern Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. These compounds showed a potent antioxidant radical scavenging activity in a non-physiological assay. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic and CID mass spectrometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
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26
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Gousiadou C, Karioti A, Heilmann J, Skaltsa H. Iridoids from Scutellaria albida ssp. albida. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:1799-804. [PMID: 17532352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three iridoid glycosides, 6'-O-E-p-coumaroylgardoside (1), 6'-O-p-E-coumaroyl-8-epi-loganic acid (2) and scutelloside (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Scutellaria albida subsp. albida, in addition to an anomeric mixture in equilibrium of one iridoid aglycone (4, 4a), nine iridoid glycosides (5-13), four known phenylethanoid glycosides (14-17), and six known phenolic derivatives (18-23).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Gousiadou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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27
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Abstract
A compilation of new naturally occurring iridoid glycosides, iridoid aglycones, iridoid derivatives and bis-iridoids reported during 1994-2005 is provided with available physical and spectral data: mp, [alpha]D, UV, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR as well as natural source with family and references. 418 compounds with 202 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, agartala, India.
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28
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Kim IH, Uchiyama N, Kawahara N, Goda Y. Iridoid glycosides and cucurbitacin glycoside from Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2691-6. [PMID: 17070880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Three iridoid glycosides, picrorosides A (1), B (2) and C (3), and a cucurbitacin glycoside, scrophoside A (4), were isolated from the rhizomes of Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Scrophulariaceae), along with two known iridoid glycosides, picrosides I (5) and II (6), and three known cucurbitacin glycosides (7-9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of both chemical and spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Hwi Kim
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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29
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Taskova RM, Gotfredsen CH, Jensen SR. Chemotaxonomy of Veroniceae and its allies in the Plantaginaceae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:286-301. [PMID: 16386770 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In a chemosystematic investigation of tribe Veroniceae (Plantaginaceae), representatives of Camptoloma, Sibthorpia, Veronica subg. Pentasepalae and subg. Hebe, Veronicastrum, Wulfenia, and the related Ellisiophyllum and Globularia were examined for non-flavonoid glycosides. From the 14 species studied, 28 different iridoid glucosides and 10 caffeoyl phenylethanoid glucosides (CPGs), as well as salidroside and arbutin were isolated and characterized by NMR; of these, five compounds were previously unknown. It was found that the representatives of Veroniceae, as well as Globularia, were characterized by mannitol, aucubin, catalpol and catalpol esters. Each of the three studied species of Veronica subg. Hebe contained at least one of the 6-O-catalpol esters typical for Veronica s. str. (verminoside), supporting the inclusion of Hebe in Veronica. However, their main constituents were esters of 6-O-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol; a CPG, hebeoside (2'-beta-xylopyranosyl-verbascoside) was isolated from V. (Hebe) salicifolia. The two species of Veronicastrum also contained 6-O-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol esters, including the previously unknown 2'',3''- and 3'',4''-dicinnamoyl derivatives and, in contrast to the earlier reports, they lacked 6-O-catalpol esters. The main iridoid constituents in the three investigated species of Wulfenia were 10-O-aucubin and 10-O-catalpol esters (isoscrophularioside or globularin) while baldaccioside (10-O-cinnamoyl asystasioside E) was isolated from W. baldaccii. Globularia vulgaris contained 10-O-catalpol esters (e.g., globularin) and, in addition, asperuloside together with its benzoyl analogue named besperuloside. The representatives of Sibthorpia and Ellisiophyllum were almost completely devoid of iridoids; this, however, together with the CPGs present implied a close relationship between the two genera. Camptoloma lyperiiflorum lacked hexitols but contained esters of 6-O-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol different from those found in Veroniceae but known from Buddleja, Scrophularia and Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae s. str.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilka Mladenova Taskova
- Department of Chemistry, The Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang H, Wu FH, Xiong F, Wu JJ, Zhang LY, Ye WC, Li P, Zhao SX. Iridoids from Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora and Their Hepatoprotective Activities in Vitro. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1144-9. [PMID: 16880659 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new non-glycosidic iridoids, piscrocins D (1), E (2), F (6), and G (7), as well as two new iridoid glycosides, piscrosides A (8) and B (9), were isolated from the roots of Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Scrophulariaceae), together with seven known iridoids. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. The hepatoprotective activities of these compounds were evaluated by measuring their effects on CCl(4)-induced hepatocytes damage in vitro, and the structure-activity relationships were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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31
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Küpeli E, Harput US, Varel M, Yesilada E, Saracoglu I. Bioassay-guided isolation of iridoid glucosides with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities from Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 102:170-6. [PMID: 16019176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracts obtained from the herbs of various Veronica species are used as folk remedy worldwide for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments including rheumatism. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. aerial parts were investigated. Methanolic extract of the plant was shown to possess significant inhibitory activity against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model and of p-benzoquinone-induced writhings in mice. Through bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation procedures eight compounds, aquaticoside A (1), aquaticoside B (2), aquaticoside C (3), veronicoside (4), catalposide (5), verproside (6), verminoside (7) and martynoside (8) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. Catapol derivative iridoid glucosides, verproside (6) and catalposide (5), were found to possess potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, per os without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage. Results of the present study supported the utilization of the plant in Turkish folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Etiler 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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Yang FC, Yang SL, Xu LZ. Determination of picroside II in dog plasma by HPLC and its application in a pharmacokinetics study. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:279-84. [PMID: 15651097 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection was developed and validated for determining picroside II in dog plasma. Paeoniflorin was employed as internal standard and the sample pre-treatment procedure consists of deproteinization by addition of acetonitrile. Chromatographic separations were performed on a Shimadzu VP-ODS column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% acetic acid aqueous (v/v), 23:77, v/v, at a rate of 1 mL/min. Detection was carried out at a wavelength of 266 nm. Calibration standards ranged from 0.25 to 500 microg/mL in dog plasma and the mean correlation coefficient of 0.9981 was found for the linear calibration curves (n = 6). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.25 microg/mL. Intra- and inter-assay RSD ranged from 0.70 to 7.5%. Accuracy (%bias) ranged from -6.3 to 6.0%. This method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of picroside II in dogs. The study demonstrated the plasma picroside II concentration-time curves were fitted to the two-compartment open model and showed linear pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chuan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
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33
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Chemical and biological aspects of iridoid bearing plants of temperate region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Albach DC, Gotfredsen CH, Jensen SR. Iridoid glucosides of Paederota lutea and the relationships between Paederota and Veronica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2129-2134. [PMID: 15279984 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In a chemical investigation of the water soluble compounds in Paederota lutea eight known iridoids were isolated together with a new one with a 8,9-double bond, namely paederotoside (10-O-benzoyl-6'-O-alpha-arabino(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranosyl arborescosidic acid) and the 6-hydroxy-flavone glucoside 4'-O-methylscutellarein 7-O-beta-glucopyranoside. The known iridoid glucosides were 8-epiloganic acid, gardoside, aucubin, catalpol and the 6-O-esters of catalpol: veronicoside, catalposide, amphicoside and verproside. The compounds isolated show that Paederota has a glycoside content almost identical to that of a general Veronica species, and this is in good agreement with the results from recent investigations of the phylogeny of Veronica and its closest relatives, where Paederota is placed as a sister-group next to Veronica. In an analysis of the iridoid glucosides from some of these relatives, it is shown that Veronica, Paederota, Picrorhiza and Veronicastrum are all characterized by containing 6-O-esters of catalpol. Some less closely related taxa namely: Lagotis, Wulfenia, Plantago, Aragoa and Globularia instead contain 10-O-esters of catalpol or aucubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk C Albach
- Institut für Botanik der Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria
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Wang H, Sun Y, Ye WC, Xiong F, Wu JJ, Yang CH, Zhao SX. Antioxidative Phenylethanoid and Phenolic Glycosides from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:615-7. [PMID: 15133218 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One new phenylenthanoid glycoside, scroside D (2), was isolated from the roots of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Scrophulariaceae), together with nine known phenylethanoid and phenolic glycosides: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), scroside B (4), hemiphroside A (5), plantainoside D (6), scroside A (7), androsin (8), piceoside (9), and 6-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The antioxidative activities of these isolated compounds were evaluated based on their scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed potent antioxidative effects as those of ascorbic acid and the structure-activity relationship is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R.China
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Harput US, Saracoglu I, Nagatsu A, Ogihara Y. Iridoid glucosides from Veronica hederifolia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1106-8. [PMID: 12192146 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new iridoid glucoside, urphoside A, and six known iridoid glucosides, pikuroside, aucubin, veronicoside, catalposide, amphicoside, and verminoside, were isolated from Veronica hederifolia together with a known megastigmane glucoside, 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta-ionol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and a hexitol, dulcitol. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by the extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
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Joy KL, Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan G, Kuttan R. Effect of Picrorrhiza kurroa extract on transplanted tumours and chemical carcinogenesis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 71:261-266. [PMID: 10904172 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tumour and anti-carcinogenic activity of Picrorrhiza kurroa extract were studied in mice. Administration of 20-methylcholanthrene (20 MC) produced 100% induction of sarcoma in control mice, whereas the tumour incidence and tumour related deaths were significantly inhibited by the oral administration of P. kurroa extract 150 and 750 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The extract was also found to reduce the volume of transplanted solid tumours induced by Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) tumour cell lines and increased the life span of ascites tumour bearing mice. P. kurroa extract inhibited yeast topoisomerase I and II enzyme activity when tested on Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cell cultures. The extract did not inhibit the enzyme involved in the activation of carcinogen and the cell cycle regulatory enzyme cdc2 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Joy
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur 680 553, Kerala, Amala Nagar, India
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