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Catalytic influence of mesoporous SBA-16 supported manganese molybdate on liquid phase selective oxidation of salicyl alcohol. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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The evolution of Tamiflu synthesis, 20 years on: Advent of enabling technologies the last piece of the puzzle? Tetrahedron 2020; 76:131440. [PMID: 32839628 PMCID: PMC7382934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a serious respiratory disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality due to both annual epidemics and pandemics; its treatment involves the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. (-)-Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) approved in 1999, is one of the most potent oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Consequently, more than 70 Tamiflu synthetic procedures have been developed to date. Herein, we highlight the evolution of Tamiflu synthesis since its discovery over 20 years ago in the quest for a truly efficient, safe, cost-effective and environmentally benign synthetic procedure. We have selected a few representative routes to give a clear account of the past, present and the future with the advent of enabling technologies.
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Candeias NR, Assoah B, Simeonov SP. Production and Synthetic Modifications of Shikimic Acid. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10458-10550. [PMID: 30350584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Shikimic acid is a natural product of industrial importance utilized as a precursor of the antiviral Tamiflu. It is nowadays produced in multihundred ton amounts from the extraction of star anise ( Illicium verum) or by fermentation processes. Apart from the production of Tamiflu, shikimic acid has gathered particular notoriety as its useful carbon backbone and inherent chirality provide extensive use as a versatile chiral precursor in organic synthesis. This review provides an overview of the main synthetic and microbial methods for production of shikimic acid and highlights selected methods for isolation from available plant sources. Furthermore, we have attempted to demonstrate the synthetic utility of shikimic acid by covering the most important synthetic modifications and related applications, namely, synthesis of Tamiflu and derivatives, synthetic manipulations of the main functional groups, and its use as biorenewable material and in total synthesis. Given its rich chemistry and availability, shikimic acid is undoubtedly a promising platform molecule for further exploration. Therefore, in the end, we outline some challenges and promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33101 Tampere , Finland
| | - Benedicta Assoah
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33101 Tampere , Finland
| | - Svilen P Simeonov
- Laboratory Organic Synthesis and Stereochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bontchev str. Bl. 9 , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
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Cao YM, Lentz D, Christmann M. Synthesis of Enantioenriched Bromohydrins via Divergent Reactions of Racemic Intermediates from Anchimeric Oxygen Borrowing. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10677-10681. [PMID: 30099869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed bromocyclization/regiodivergent reaction of racemic intermediates sequence, which is enabled by anchimeric oxygen borrowing. Different types of alkenes are applicable, and both enantiomers of the bromohydrin products were obtained in generally excellent yields and enantioselectivities. In addition, an example of enantioconvergent synthesis from the two isomeric products is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Cao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustraße 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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Mohr JT, Moore JT, Stoltz BM. Enantioconvergent catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2038-2045. [PMID: 27829909 PMCID: PMC5082454 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantioconvergent catalytic process has the potential to convert a racemic starting material to a single highly enantioenriched product with a maximum yield of 100%. Three mechanistically distinct approaches to effecting enantioconvergent catalysis are identified, and recent examples of each are highlighted. These processes are compared to related, non-enantioconvergent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Mohr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jared T Moore
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
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Ananthan B, Chang WC, Lin JS, Li PH, Yan TH. A C2-Symmetric Chiral Pool-Based Flexible Strategy: Synthesis of (+)- and (−)-Shikimic Acids, (+)- and (−)-4-epi-Shikimic Acids, and (+)- and (−)-Pinitol. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2898-905. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402764v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bakthavachalam Ananthan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chun Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jhe-Sain Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pin-Hui Li
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tu-Hsin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Quan N, Nie LD, Zhu RH, Shi XX, Ding W, Lu X. Total Syntheses of (+)-Valiolamine and (-)-1-epi-Valiolamine from Naturally Abundant (-)-Shikimic Acid. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rawat G, Tripathi P, Saxena RK. Expanding horizons of shikimic acid. Recent progresses in production and its endless frontiers in application and market trends. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4277-87. [PMID: 23553030 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Shikimic acid is an industrially important chiral compound used as a key ingredient in formulation of drug Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) for the treatment of swine/avian flu. The high cost and limited availability of shikimic acid isolated from plants has detained the use of this valuable building block of the drug. It is a versatile compound having many characteristic properties for many synthetic reactions particularly in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. By virtue of being a natural product, the relevant biochemical pathway in microorganisms can be harnessed into fermentation processes to produce shikimic acid. This is an excellent alternative for the sustainable and efficient production of shikimic acid over the tedious and cumbersome process of plant based extraction methods. Various strategies of shikimic acid production are reviewed and an account of comparison of their challenges, promises and restraint is presented. Furthermore, present review attempts to focus on the market trend of shikimic acid due to its high demand with particular emphasis laid on the pandemics of swine flu. This review not only covers the recent advances in shikimic acid production but also highlights the versatile applications and its market scenario. The concluding remarks and its potential as a commercial bulk chemical are discussed in the light of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rawat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
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Quan N, Nie L, Shi X, Zhu R, Lü X. Novel and Efficient Syntheses of Four Useful Shikimate-derived Epoxy Chiral Building Blocks via Cyclic Sulfite Intermediates. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ghosh S, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Production of shikimic acid. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1425-31. [PMID: 22445787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Shikimic acid is a key intermediate for the synthesis of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu®). Shikimic acid can be produced via chemical synthesis, microbial fermentation and extraction from certain plants. An alternative production route is via biotransformation of the more readily available quinic acid. Much of the current supply of shikimic acid is sourced from the seeds of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum). Supply from star anise seeds has experienced difficulties and is susceptible to vagaries of weather. Star anise tree takes around six-years from planting to bear fruit, but remains productive for long. Extraction and purification from seeds are expensive. Production via fermentation is increasing. Other production methods are too expensive, or insufficiently developed. In the future, production in recombinant microorganisms via fermentation may become established as the preferred route. Methods for producing shikimic acid are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar-160 062, Punjab, India
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Shin SH, Han JH, Lee SI, Ha YB, Ryu DH. Highly Efficient Synthesis of (-)-Shikimic Acid from a Chiral Diels-Alder Adduct between Furan and Acrylate. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mai DN, Rosen BR, Wolfe JP. Enantioconvergent synthesis of (+)-aphanorphine via asymmetric Pd-catalyzed alkene carboamination. Org Lett 2011; 13:2932-5. [PMID: 21557571 DOI: 10.1021/ol2009895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of (+)-aphanorphine has been achieved via a new enantioconvergent strategy. A racemic γ-aminoalkene derivative is transformed into a 1:1 mixture of enantiomerically enriched diastereomers using an asymmetric Pd-catalyzed carboamination. This mixture is then converted to an enantiomerically enriched protected aphanorphine derivative by a Friedel-Crafts reaction, which generates a quaternary all-carbon stereocenter. The natural product is obtained in three additional steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy N Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Liu SL, Shi XX, Xu YL, Xu W, Dong J. Asymmetric syntheses of (−)-methyl shikimate and (−)-5a-carba-β-d-gulopyranose from d-arabinose via Mukaiyama-type intramolecular aldolization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Enrich LB, Scheuermann ML, Mohadjer A, Matthias KR, Eller CF, Newman MS, Fujinaka M, Poon T. Liquidambar styraciflua: a renewable source of shikimic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Palladium-catalysed reactions of alcohols. Part D: Rearrangements, carbonylations, carboxylations and miscellaneous reactions. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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