1
|
Madea D, Mujawar T, Dvořák A, Pospíšilová K, Muchová L, Čubáková P, Kloz M, Švenda J, Vítek L, Klán P. Photochemistry of ( Z)-Isovinylneoxanthobilirubic Acid Methyl Ester, a Bilirubin Dipyrrinone Subunit: Femtosecond Transient Absorption and Stimulated Raman Emission Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3089-3103. [PMID: 35130431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is an essential metabolite formed by the catabolism of heme. Phototherapy with blue-green light can be applied to reduce high concentrations of BR in blood and is used especially in the neonatal period. In this work, we studied the photochemistry of (Z)-isovinylneoxanthobilirubic acid methyl ester, a dipyrrinone subunit of BR, by steady-state absorption, femtosecond transient absorption, and stimulated Raman spectroscopies. Both the (Z)- and (E)-configurational isomers of isovinylneoxanthobilirubic acid undergo wavelength-dependent and reversible photoisomerization. The isomerization from the excited singlet state is ultrafast (the lifetimes of (Z)- and (E)-isomers were found to be ∼0.9 and 0.1 ps, respectively), and its efficiencies increase with increased photon energy. In addition, we studied sensitized photooxidation of the dipyrrinone subunit by singlet oxygen that leads to the formation of propentdyopents. Biological activities of these compounds, namely, effects on the superoxide production, lipoperoxidation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, were also studied. Finally, different photochemical and biological properties of this BR subunit and its structural analogue, (Z)-vinylneoxanthobilirubic acid methyl ester, studied before, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pospíšilová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Čubáková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, ELI Beamlines, Za Radnicí 835, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská, 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská, 1645/31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao L, Hao E, Vicente MGH, Smith KM. Improved Synthesis of Functionalized 2,2‘-Bipyrroles. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8119-22. [PMID: 17887702 DOI: 10.1021/jo701310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,2'-bipyrroles has been efficiently synthesized using an improved synthetic approach based on Pd(0)-catalyzed homocoupling of various 2-iodopyrroles. This new synthetic approach takes place at room temperature and in the presence of water. Functional groups such as formyl, ester, and nitrile are able to survive these reaction conditions. Solvents are found to play an important role in this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
O’Neal WG, Roberts WP, Ghosh I, Jacobi PA. Studies in chlorin chemistry. II. A versatile synthesis of dihydrodipyrrins. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7243-51. [PMID: 16122244 PMCID: PMC2443941 DOI: 10.1021/jo050907l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Dihydrodipyrrins are key building blocks for the synthesis of hydroporphyrins, many of which have important biological activity. The title compounds were prepared in stereo- and regioselective fashion by a three-step sequence consisting of (1) Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling-cyclization of 2-iodopyrroles with gamma-alkynoic acids to afford enelactones of the desired substitution pattern, (2) methylenation at the lactone carbonyl group employing the Petasis reagent, and (3) in situ enol-ether hydrolysis and amination of the resultant 1,4-diketone to close the pyrroline ring (nine examples). Yields for each step were generally high, although in substrates not blocked by geminal substitution aromatization to a dipyrromethane is a competing side reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G. O’Neal
- Burke Chemical Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - William P. Roberts
- Burke Chemical Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Indranath Ghosh
- Burke Chemical Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Peter A. Jacobi
- Burke Chemical Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jacobi PA, Adel Odeh IM, Buddhu SC, Cai G, Rajeswari S, Fry D, Zheng W, DeSimone RW, Guo J, Coutts LD, Hauck SI, Leung SH, Ghosh I, Pippin. D. Synthetic Studies in Phytochrome Chemistry. Synlett 2005; 19:2861-2885. [PMID: 18633455 PMCID: PMC2467512 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An account is given of the author's several approaches to the synthesis of the parent chromophore of phytochrome (1), a protein-bound linear tetrapyrrole derivative that controls photomorphogenesis in higher plants. These studies culminated in enantioselective syntheses of both 2R- and 2S-phytochromobilin (4), as well as several (13)C-labeled derivatives designed to probe the site of Z,E-isomerization during photoexcitation. When reacted in vitro, synthetic 2R-4 and recombinant-derived phytochrome apoprotein N-C produced a protein-bound chromophore with identical difference spectra to naturally occurring 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Jacobi
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Imad M. Adel Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Subhas C. Buddhu
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Guolin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Sundaramoorthi Rajeswari
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Douglas Fry
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Wanjun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Robert W. DeSimone
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Jiasheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Lisa D. Coutts
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Sheila I. Hauck
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Sam H. Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Indranath Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| | - Douglas Pippin.
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. Fax: 603 646 3946
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jacobi PA, Herradura P. Enantioselective syntheses of (+)- and ()-nephrosteranic acid employing the Nicholas-Schreiber reaction. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(+)- and ()-Nephrosteranic acid (16) have been prepared in an enantioselective fashion from alkyne acid 19 (or ent-19) by a three step sequence involving debenzylationlactonization, oxidative cleavage, and selective epimerization at C4. Acids 19 and ent-19 were obtained as single enantiomers employing a NicholasSchreiber reaction.Key words: paraconic acids, nephrosteranic acid, butyrolactones, NicholasSchreiber reaction.
Collapse
|