1
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Maleki F, Pacchioni G. 17O NMR as a measure of basicity of alkaline-earth oxide surfaces: A theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224705. [PMID: 31837688 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface basicity of the alkaline-earth metal oxides has been investigated by studying the properties of 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). To this end, we performed density functional theory calculations and determined the 17O chemical shift and the quadrupolar coupling constants of the regular and stepped surfaces of MO (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) oxides. The computed average chemical shift (δiso av) for 17O NMR of bulk MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO is 46, 301, 394, and 636 ppm, respectively, in excellent agreement with the experiment. The 17O NMR chemical shifts correlate linearly with the Madelung potential in the four oxides. Next, we considered the changes in the 17O chemical shift due to the adsorption of BR3 (R = F and OCH3) and pyrrole as probe molecules. We found that the 17O NMR signal of the O ion directly bound to the probe molecule shifts considerably compared to the clean surface. This is due to a change in the polarization of the O charge distribution due to the molecular adsorption. This change is the largest for BaO, with the strongest bond and the shortest surface-adsorbate distance, and the smallest for MgO, thus showing a direct correlation between 17O NMR and surface basicity. The 17O chemical shift of the basic site correlates linearly also with several properties of the adsorbed molecules, providing a direct measure of the surface basicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Maleki
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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2
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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3
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Petersen R, Jensen JF, Nielsen TE. An Improved Protocol for the Synthesis of 1-(Mesitylenesulfonyl)-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (MSNT). ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.903145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Liu B, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Liu G. A new approach for the synthesis of O-glycopeptides through a combination of solid-phase glycosylation and fluorous tagging chemistry (SHGPFT). Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1892-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient hybrid approach has been developed for the synthesis and purification of O-linked glycopeptides with high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Fa Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences
- Tsinghua University
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5
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Bennett CS. Principles of modern solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1686-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Ko KS, Park G, Yu Y, Pohl NL. Protecting-group-based colorimetric monitoring of fluorous-phase and solid-phase synthesis of oligoglucosamines. Org Lett 2010; 10:5381-4. [PMID: 18975959 DOI: 10.1021/ol802229b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new hydroxyl protecting group, nitrophthalimidobutyric (NPB) acid, has been synthesized in one solvent-free step for colorimetric monitoring of reaction cycles upon its facile removal with hydrazine acetate in the solid-phase and fluorous-phase syntheses of antigenic oligoglucosamines associated with infectious Staphylococcus aureus. The NPB group serves as a convenient hydroxyl protecting group that is stable to the basic conditions required for the synthesis of the common trichloroacetimidate protecting groups, the strongly acidic conditions used in glycosylation reactions, as well as conditions commonly used to remove silicon-based protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seuk Ko
- Department of Chemistry and the Plant Sciences Institute, Gilman Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
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7
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Spjut S, Qian W, Elofsson M. Synthesis and application of a 2-[(4-fluorophenyl)-sulfonyl]ethoxy carbonyl(Fsec) protected glycosyl donor in carbohydrate chemistry. Molecules 2010; 15:5708-20. [PMID: 20724960 PMCID: PMC6257729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]ethoxy carbonyl (Fsec) group for protection of hydroxyl groups has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Fsec-Cl was readily prepared in 91% yield over three steps and subsequently used to protect 4-fluorobenzyl alcohol in high yield. The Fsec group was cleaved from the resulting model compound under mild basic conditions e.g., 20% piperidine in DMF and was stable under acidic conditions, e.g., neat acetic acid. The Fsec group was used to protect the unreactive 4-OH in a galactose building block that was later used in the synthesis of 6-aminohexyl galabioside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikael Elofsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Yang SJ, Tian XZ, Shin I. Nondestructive, Colorimetric Monitoring of Amines and Thiols on a Solid Support. Org Lett 2009; 11:3438-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seh-Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Xi Zhe Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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9
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Chan SJ, Howe AG, Hook JM, Harper JB. (79)Br NMR spectroscopy as a practical tool for kinetic analysis. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:342-347. [PMID: 19189283 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
(79)Br NMR spectroscopy has been used to monitor a series of reactions in which the bromide ion is produced, including the Menschutkin reaction of pyridine with a range of substituted benzyl bromides and a Heck coupling process. In cases where the process could also be monitored using (1)H NMR spectroscopy, the kinetic analyses using heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were shown to be completely consistent. Both the utility of the process in following reactions which may be difficult to analyse using other techniques and the practical limitations associated with solvent choice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Jia Chan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Spjut S, Pudelko M, Hartmann M, Elofsson M. Carbamate Linker Strategy in Solid-Phase Synthesis of Amino-Functionalized Glycoconjugates for Attachment to Solid Surfaces and Investigation of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Wallner FK, Spjut S, Boström D, Elofsson M. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-phenoxy)acetic acid as a linker in solid-phase synthesis monitored by gel-phase19F NMR spectroscopy. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2464-71. [PMID: 17637968 DOI: 10.1039/b704472k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gel-phase (19)F NMR spectroscopy is a useful monitoring technique for solid-phase organic chemistry due to the high information content it delivers and swift acquisition times, using standard NMR spectrometers. This paper describes the synthesis of the novel linker 2-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-phenoxy)acetic acid in 29% yield over seven steps, using nucleophilic aromatic substitutions on 2,4,5-trifluorobenzonitrile as key steps. Following standard solid-phase synthesis a peptide could be cleaved from the linker using 20% TFA in CH(2)Cl(2) in 30 minutes, in contrast to a previously described monoalkoxy linker that requires 90% TFA in water at elevated temperature. A resin-bound peptide could be successfully glycosylated using only two equivalents of a thioglycoside donor, activated with N-iodosuccinimide and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and subsequent cleavage and deprotection gave the target glycopeptide. Direct glycosylation of the linker itself followed by mild acidic cleavage gave a fully protected hemiacetal for further chemical manipulation.
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12
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Mogemark M, Gustafsson L, Bengtsson C, Elofsson M, Kihlberg J. A fluorinated selenide linker for solid-phase synthesis of n-pentenyl glycosides. Org Lett 2006; 6:4885-8. [PMID: 15606091 DOI: 10.1021/ol048053z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A fluorine-labeled selenide linker for installing terminal isolated olefins has been synthesized in high overall yield. The resin-bound linker could be glycosylated both with glycosyl trichloroacetimidates and glycosyl fluorides. The linker did not decompose after oxidation with tBuOOH but underwent beta-elimination when it was subjected to heat. This allowed the released n-pentenyl glycoside 15 to be isolated in excellent yield and purity after filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Wallner FK, Elofsson M. NMR tube filter reactor for solid-phase synthesis and gel-phase 19F NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 8:150-2. [PMID: 16529507 DOI: 10.1021/cc050144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik K Wallner
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Gaggini F, Porcheddu A, Reginato G, Rodriquez M, Taddei M. Colorimetric Tools for Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:805-10. [PMID: 15360217 DOI: 10.1021/cc049963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the unresolved problems of solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS) is the availability of general and rapid methods to monitor the transformation of functional groups present in molecules supported on insoluble supports. Color tests, far from providing the ultimate solution, may help in detection (and sometimes in quantification) of different functional groups. In this short review, we have collected most of the methods available and applied in SPOS with an Experimental Section that describes the procedure we have successfully applied to bead analyses in our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gaggini
- CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "Ugo Schiff", Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Mogemark M, Gårdmo F, Tengel T, Kihlberg J, Elofsson M. Gel-phase19F NMR spectral quality for resins commonly used in solid-phase organic synthesis; a study of peptide solid-phase glycosylations. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1770-6. [PMID: 15188045 DOI: 10.1039/b404802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties for seven different commercial resins used in solid-phase synthesis were investigated with (19)F NMR spectroscopy. A fluorine-labeled dipeptide was synthesized on each resin, and the resolution of the (19)F resonances in CDCl(3), DMSO-d(6), benzene-d(6) and CD(3)OD were measured with a conventional NMR spectrometer, i.e. without using magic angle spinning. In general, resins containing poly(ethylene glycol) chains (ArgoGel, TentaGel and PEGA) were found to be favorable for the (19)F NMR spectral quality. Three serine containing tri-, penta-, and heptapeptides were then prepared on an ArgoGel resin functionalized with a fluorine-labeled linker. The resin bound peptides were glycosylated utilizing a thiogalactoside glycosyl donor carrying fluorine-labeled protective groups. Monitoring of the glycosylations with gel-phase (19)F NMR spectroscopy allowed each glycopeptide to be formed in similar 80% yield, using a minimal amount of glycosyl donor (3 x 2 equivalents). In addition, it was found that the glycosylation yields were independent of peptide length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Mogemark M, Elofsson M, Kihlberg J. Solid-phase synthesis of alpha-Gal epitopes: on-resin analysis of solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis with 19F NMR spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7281-8. [PMID: 12968877 DOI: 10.1021/jo034581x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A route for solid-phase synthesis of the alpha-Gal epitopes Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc and Gal(alpha1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc is described. These trisaccharide antigens are responsible for hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation of porcine organs. Optimization of the solid-phase synthesis relied on use of fluorinated protective groups for the carbohydrate building blocks and use of a fluorinated linker. This allowed convenient on-resin analysis of the reactions with gel-phase (19)F NMR spectroscopy. Conditions were established which allowed reductive ring-opening of 4,6-O-benzylidene acetals to be performed on the solid phase with high regioselectivity to furnish the corresponding 6-O-benzyl ethers. It was found that glycosylations could be conveniently carried out by using thioglycosides as donors with N-iodosuccinimide and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as the promoter system. With use of these conditions a challenging alpha-glycosidic linkage was successfully installed with complete stereoselectivity in the final glycosylation. It was also established that fluorinated benzoates, benzyl ethers, and benzylidene acetals display almost identical chemical properties as their nonfluorinated counterparts, a finding that is essential for future use of fluorinated protective groups in solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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17
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Le Roy I, Mouysset D, Mignani S, Vuilhorgne M, Stella L. Solid phase β-lactams synthesis using the Staudinger reaction, monitored by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Mogemark M, Elofsson M, Kihlberg J. Fluorinated protective groups for on-resin quantification of solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis with 19F NMR spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2002; 3:1266-9. [PMID: 12465038 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20021202)3:12<1266::aid-cbic1266>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Mogemark
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Lakshmipathi P, Crévisy C, Grée R. Reaction monitoring in LPOS by 19F NMR. Study of soluble polymer supports with fluorine in spacer or linker components of supports. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:612-21. [PMID: 12425606 DOI: 10.1021/cc0200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various soluble polystyrene supports with fluorinated spacer or linker were prepared and studied by (19)F NMR for their use in LPOS reaction monitoring. Among three types of systems studied, the perfluoro Wang linker was found to be most efficient for this purpose. Substrates could be easily anchored to and cleaved from this new support-bound linker. The anchoring of the linker and the substrates on the polymer led to significant changes in the fluorine resonances. Therefore, the progress of these reactions could be both monitored and quantified. On the other hand, the chemical transformations on the anchored substrates led only to moderate changes in the fluorine resonances. Nevertheless, the reaction progress could also be monitored in this case. After cleavage of products, the polymer supports were recovered without loss in loading. Membrane separation technology was used to purify some polymer-bound products as well as to obtain the polymer-free cleaved product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandarinathan Lakshmipathi
- Laboratoire de Synthèses et Activations de Biomolecules, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6052, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France
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20
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Emtenäs H, Ahlin K, Pinkner JS, Hultgren SJ, Almqvist F. Design and parallel solid-phase synthesis of ring-fused 2-pyridinones that target pilus biogenesis in pathogenic bacteria. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:630-9. [PMID: 12425608 DOI: 10.1021/cc020032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the solid-phase synthesis of enantiomerically enriched highly substituted ring-fused 2-pyridinones 13 has been developed. The synthesis mediates introduction of substituents at two positions in the 2-pyridinone ring in a diverse manner and is suitable for parallel synthesis. (19)F NMR spectroscopy was used as a tool to monitor each of the five steps in the reaction sequence. The optimized conditions thus obtained were then used to prepare a library of 20 2-pyridinones with high yields. The library members were chosen from a statistical multivariate design to ensure diversity and reliable data for structure-activity relationships. Screening of the library against the bacterial periplasmic chaperone PapD was performed using surface plasmon resonance. Three new 2-pyridinones with a higher affinity for the chaperone PapD than the previous best 13[10,1] were found, and important structural features could be deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Emtenäs
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Manabe S, Ito Y. On-resin real-time reaction monitoring of solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12638-9. [PMID: 12392392 DOI: 10.1021/ja020781z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On-resin real-time monitoring by a combination of a color test of (p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine and Disperse Red was developed for oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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22
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Manabe S. [Development of novel methodology for rapid conjugated oligosaccharide synthesis]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2002; 122:295-307. [PMID: 12040749 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.122.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translation modifications of proteins, which affects biological activities by way of controlling higher order structure. Recently, the novel structure of glycoprotein, namely C-glycosyl protein was identified in various proteins. The first total synthesis of the naturally occurring C-glycosyl amino acid and peptide was achieved. The mannose and tryptophan moiety was connected via ring opening reaction of epoxide by lithiated indole derivative. After functional group conversion and deprotection, the glyco-amino acid was synthesized in a concise and stereoselective manner. To develop the rapid oligosaccharide construction methodology, the soluble polymer supported oligosaccharide was investigated. Due to high polarity of polymer support, the purification of PEG bound compound is achieved quite easily. The real-time monitoring of the glycosylation reaction was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, whereas the deprotection reaction of chloroacetyl group was performed by color test using (p-nitrobenzyl) pyridine. The purification of PEG bound compound which has chloroacetyl group, is achieved by capture-release strategy by use of resin bound cysteine derivative. By combination of these methodologies and novel linker, tetrasaccharides were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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23
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Kanemitsu T, Wong CH, Kanie O. Solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides and on-resin quantitative monitoring using gated decoupling (13)C NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3591-9. [PMID: 11929248 DOI: 10.1021/ja0167396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis capable of nondestructive quantitative monitoring has been developed. The synthesis was carried out on TentaGel using thioglycosides as glycosylating agents and dimethylthiomethylsulfonium triflate as the activator. An acylsulfonamide linker was introduced to cleave the oligosaccharide from the resin. The solid-phase reactions were monitored quantitatively by using the inverse gated decoupling technique of (13)C NMR, where two (13)C-enriched markers were used to monitor the reactions: one was (13)C-enriched glycine incorporated as a part of the linker and as an internal standard, and the other was a (13)C-enriched acetyl group used as a protecting group of the glycosylation reagent. A representative synthesis of sialyl Lewis X branched tetrasaccharide was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kanemitsu
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
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24
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Bartolozzi A, Seeberger PH. New approaches to the chemical synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2001; 11:587-92. [PMID: 11785760 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The past year has seen some major advances in the area of carbohydrate synthesis using chemical methods. Progress in all areas of synthetic methodology, including new protecting groups and coupling methods, has been reported. A number of complex carbohydrate structures have been prepared using known, as well as new, methods. The goal to allow nonspecialists access to defined carbohydrate structures for biochemical, biophysical and biological studies has drawn closer by the introduction of two approaches towards synthesis automation. A one-pot glycosylation strategy utilized computer-assisted synthesis planning and the first solid-phase automated synthesizer was introduced very recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartolozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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