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Abstract
Deracemization, which converts a racemate into its single enantiomer without separation of the intermediate, has gained renewed interest in asymmetric synthesis with its inherent atomic economy and high efficiency. However, this ideal process requires selective energy input and delicate reaction design to surmount the thermodynamical and kinetical constraints. With the rapid development of asymmetric catalysis, many catalytic strategies in concert with exogenous energy input have been exploited to facilitate this nonspontaneous enantioenrichment. In this perspective, we will discuss the basic ideas to accomplish catalytic deracemization, categorized by the three major exogenous energy sources including chemical (redox)-, photo- and mechanical energy from attrition. Emphasis will be given to the catalytic features and the underlying deracemization mechanism together with perspectives on future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouxin Huang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tianrun Pan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xieyang Jiang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Zhao Z, Wang C, Chen Q, Wang Y, Xiao R, Tan C, Liu G. Phase Separation‐Promoted Redox Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols over a Supported Dual Catalysts System. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Chen
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Tan
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
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Liu B, Song R, Xu J, Majhi PK, Yang X, Yang S, Jin Z, Chi YR. Access to Optically Enriched α-Aryloxycarboxylic Esters via Carbene-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Transesterification. Org Lett 2020; 22:3335-3338. [PMID: 32290663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optically active α-aryloxycarboxylic acids and their derivatives are important functional molecules. Disclosed here is a carbene-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution and transesterification reaction for access to this class of molecules with up to 99% yields and 99:1 er values. Addition of a chiral carbene catalyst to the ester substrate leads to two diastereomeric azolium ester intermediates that can quickly epimerize to each other and thus allows for effective dynamic kinetic resolution to be realized. The optically enriched ester products from our reaction can be quickly transformed to chiral herbicides and other bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Runjiang Song
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Pankaj Kumar Majhi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Ji Y, Shi L, Chen MW, Feng GS, Zhou YG. Concise Redox Deracemization of Secondary and Tertiary Amines with a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Core via a Nonenzymatic Process. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10496-9. [PMID: 26274896 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise deracemization of racemic secondary and tertiary amines with a tetrahydroisoquinoline core has been successfully realized by orchestrating a redox process consisted of N-bromosuccinimide oxidation and iridum-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. This compatible redox combination enables one-pot, single-operation deracemization to generate chiral 1-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with up to 98% ee in 93% yield, offering a simple and scalable synthetic technique for chiral amines directly from racemic starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Shou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Khan SJ, Wang L, Hashim NH, Mcdonald JA. Distinct Enantiomeric Signals of Ibuprofen and Naproxen in Treated Wastewater and Sewer Overflow. Chirality 2013; 26:739-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Khan
- UNSW Water Research Centre; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of New South Wales, NSW; Australia
| | - Lili Wang
- UNSW Water Research Centre; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of New South Wales, NSW; Australia
| | - Nor H. Hashim
- UNSW Water Research Centre; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of New South Wales, NSW; Australia
- University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - James A. Mcdonald
- UNSW Water Research Centre; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of New South Wales, NSW; Australia
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Shiina I, Tengeiji A, Nakata K, Ono K. A New Method for Production of Chiral 2-Aryloxypropanoic Acids Using Effective Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2-Aryloxycarboxylic Acids. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hashim NH, Nghiem LD, Stuetz RM, Khan SJ. Enantiospecific fate of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:6249-6258. [PMID: 21974875 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The enantiospecific fate of three common pharmaceuticals was monitored in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The MBR was operated with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and a mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 8.6-10 g/L. Standard solutions of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen were dosed into the synthetic feed of the MBR. Influent and permeate samples were then collected for enantiospecific analysis. The individual (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of the three pharmaceuticals were derivatised using a chiral derivatizing agent to form pairs of diastereomers, which could then be separated and analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Accurate quantitation of individual enantiomers was undertaken by an isotope dilution process. By comparing the total concentration (as the sum of the two enantiomers) in the MBR influent and permeate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen concentrations were observed to have been reduced as much as 99%, 43% and 68%, respectively. Furthermore, evidence of enantioselective biodegradation was observed for all three pharmaceuticals. (S)-Ibuprofen was shown to be preferentially degraded compared to (R)-ibuprofen with an average decrease in enantiomeric fraction (EF) from 0.52 to 0.39. In contrast, (R)-ketoprofen was preferentially degraded compared to (S)-ketoprofen with a relatively minor increase in EF from 0.52 to 0.63. The use of a relatively pure enantiomeric solution of (S)-naproxen resulted in a significant change in EF from 0.99 to 0.65. However, this experiment consistently revealed significantly increased concentrations of (R)-naproxen during MBR treatment. It is hypothesised that the source of this (R)-naproxen was the enantiomeric inversion of (S)-naproxen. Such enantiomeric inversion of chiral pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment processes has not previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Hashim
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Yang X, Birman VB. Kinetic resolution of α-substituted alkanoic acids promoted by homobenzotetramisole. Chemistry 2011; 17:11296-304. [PMID: 21922562 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new method for catalytic nonenzymatic kinetic resolution of α-substituted alkanoic acids has been developed, which relies on their activation with DCC followed by enantioselective alcoholysis of the intermediate symm-anhydrides in the presence of the amidine-based catalyst homobenzotetramisole (HBTM). Moderate to excellent selectivity factors (s=5-96) have been obtained in the case of several classes of substrates, namely, α-aryl-, α-aryloxy/alkoxy-, α-halo-, α-azido-, and α-phthalimido-alkanoic acids. Under similar conditions, α-(arylthio/alkylthio)-alkanoic acids undergo dynamic kinetic resolution providing corresponding esters in up to 92% ee and up to 93% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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10
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Abstract
Several novel bioprocesses that have little or no counterpart in traditional methodology have recently been reported. The stereoselective and enantioselective hydrolysis of sec-alkyl sulfate esters by alkyl sulfatases proceeds with inversion of configuration and furnishes a homochiral product mixture. Haloalcohol dehalogenases were shown to accept various non-natural nucleophiles, such as azide, cyanide and nitrite for the asymmetric opening of epoxides giving rise to the corresponding azido-, cyano-, and nitro-alcohols as non-natural products. Asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation via the acyloin- and benzoin-reaction was successfully catalyzed in water by novel lyases, such as benzoylformate decarboxylase and benzaldehyde lyase. New methods for the production of chiral nonracemic alpha-L-amino acids and amines were recently reported. Enantioselective stereoinversion of racemic alpha-aryl- and alpha-aryloxycarboxylic acids via epimerase-catalyzed inversion led to a single stereoisomeric product from the racemate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Faber
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
New catalysts and reaction conditions have been developed for the dynamic kinetic resolution or deracemisation of racemic mixtures of chiral compounds. Specific functional groups that lend themselves particularly well to this approach include chiral secondary alcohols, alpha-amino acids, amines and carboxylic acids. A general theme of these processes is the combination of an enantioselective enzyme with a chemical reagent, the latter being used either to racemise the unreactive enantiomer or alternatively recycle an intermediate in the deracemisation process. In some examples of dynamic kinetic resolution, a second enzyme (racemase) is used to interconvert the enantiomers of the starting material.
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Kato DI, Miyamoto K, Ohta H. Microbial deracemization of α-substituted carboxylic acids: control of the reaction path. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Riedner J, Vogel P. Deracemization of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH): practical synthesis of (−)-(S)-HPPH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Padhi SK, Pandian N, Chadha A. Microbial deracemisation of aromatic β-hydroxy acid esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Resolution of racemic 1-arylethyl acetates by Pseudomonas fluorescens in the presence of a surfactant. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Davis BG. 2 Synthetic methods : Part (iii) Biocatalysis and enzymes in organic synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b211999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fukuzawa SI, Chino Y, Yokoyama T. Copper(II)-catalyzed kinetic resolution of (±)-2-arylpropionic acids with chiral N-trimethylsilyloxazolidin-2-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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