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Lu N, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yang J, Zheng S, Wang L, Guo W. Biosynthetic pathways and related genes regulation of bioactive ingredients in mulberry leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2287881. [PMID: 38014901 PMCID: PMC10761104 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2287881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are served not only as fodder for silkworms but also as potential functional food, exhibiting nutritional and medical benefits due to the complex and diverse constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans, which possess a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-diabete, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Nevertheless, compared with the well-studied phytochemistry and pharmacology of mulberry leaves, the current understanding of the biosynthesis mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms of active ingredients in mulberry leaves remain unclear. Natural resources of these active ingredients are limited owing to their low contents in mulberry leaves tissues and the long growth cycle of mulberry. Biosynthesis is emerging as an alternative means for accumulation of the desired high-value compounds, which can broaden channels for their large-scale green productions. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent research advance on the correlative key genes, enzyme biocatalytic reactions and biosynthetic pathways of valuable natural ingredients (i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans) in mulberry leaves, thereby offering important insights for their further biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Shicun Zheng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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2
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Ge Y, Huang ZY, Pan J, Li CX, Zheng GW, Xu JH. Regiospecific C-H amination of (-)-limonene into (-)-perillamine by multi-enzymatic cascade reactions. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:88. [PMID: 38647597 PMCID: PMC10992285 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Limonene, one of cyclic monoterpenes, is an important renewable compound used widely as a key building block for the synthesis of new biologically active molecules and fine chemicals. (-)-Perillamine, as derived from (-)-limonene, is a highly useful synthon for constructing more complicated and functionally relevant chemicals. AIM We aimed to report a more sustainable and more efficient method for the regiospecific C-H amination of (-)-limonene into (-)-perillamine. RESULTS Here, we report an artificial penta-enzymatic cascade system for the transformation of the cheap and easily available (-)-limonene into (-)-perillamine for the first time. This system is composed of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and w-transaminase for the main reactions, as well as formate dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase for cofactor recycling. After optimization of the multi-enzymatic cascade system, 10 mM (-)-limonene was smoothly converted into 5.4 mM (-)-perillamine in a one-pot two-step biotransformation, indicating the feasibility of multi-enzymatic C7-regiospecific amination of the inert C-H bond of (-)-limonene. This method represents a concise and efficient route for the biocatalytic synthesis of derivatives from similar natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Pan
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liu J, Wan J, Du W, Wang D, Wen C, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. In Vivo Functional Verification of Four Related Genes Involved in the 1-Deoxynojirimycin Biosynthetic Pathway in Mulberry Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10989-10998. [PMID: 34516110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is one of the major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.). Previously, we discovered four key genes involved in the pathway from lysine to piperidine in the biosynthesis of DNJ in mulberry leaves, MaLDC (MG727866), MaCAO (MH205733), MaSDR1 (MT989445), and MaSDR2 (MT989446), which encoded lysine decarboxylase, copper amine oxidase, and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1 and 2, respectively. However, the in vivo functions of these four genes have not been verified yet. Here, these four genes were successfully cloned and used for the establishment of C58C1 Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated overexpression genetic transformation systems and GV3101 Agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing transformation systems in order to verify the influence of these four genes on the biosynthetic content of DNJ in mulberry leaves. The results showed that the content of DNJ increased after the four genes were overexpressed. When these four genes were silenced, the gene expression was blocked, which affected the biosynthesis of DNJ, and the DNJ content decreased. The above results indicated that these four genes participated in DNJ biosynthesis. This study provided a foundation for further elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of DNJ biosynthesis in mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiong Wan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Du
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dujun Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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4
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Liu J, Wan J, Wang D, Wen C, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Key Reductase Genes Involved in the 1-Deoxynojirimycin Biosynthetic Pathway in Mulberry Leaves and Cloning, Prokaryotic Expression, and Functional Analysis of MaSDR1 and MaSDR2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12345-12357. [PMID: 33085468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is the main bioactive ingredient in the hypoglycemic action of mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.). Our previous research clarified the upstream pathway from lysine to Δ1-piperideine in the biosynthesis of DNJ in mulberry leaves, but the pathway and related reductase genes from Δ1-piperideine to piperidine are still unclear. Here, a comparative transcriptome was used to analyze the transcriptome data of two samples (July and November) of mulberry leaves with significant differences in the content of DNJ and screen-related reductase genes. Results showed that expression levels of MaSDR1 and MaSDR2 were significantly and positively correlated with the content of DNJ (P < 0.05) in different seasons. MaSDR1 (GenBank accession no. MT989445) and MaSDR2 (GenBank accession no. MT989446) were successfully cloned and used for prokaryotic expression and functional analysis in vitro. MaSDR1 and MaSDR2 could catalyze the reaction of Δ1-piperideine with the coenzyme NADPH to generate piperidine. The kinetic parameters of MaSDR1 and MaSDR2 indicated that MaSDR2 had a higher binding ability to Δ1-piperideine than MaSDR1. This study provided insights into the biosynthesis of DNJ in mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiong Wan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dujun Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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5
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Van Craen D, Begall J, Großkurth J, Himmel L, Linnenberg O, Isaak E, Albrecht M. Hierarchically assembled helicates as reaction platform - from stoichiometric Diels-Alder reactions to enamine catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2338-2345. [PMID: 33029252 PMCID: PMC7522461 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereoselectivity of a Diels-Alder reaction within the periphery of hierarchically assembled titanium(IV) helicates formed from mixtures of achiral, reactive and chiral, unreactive ligands was investigated in detail. Following the pathway of the chiral induction, the chiral ligands, solvents as well as substituents at the dienophile were carefully varied. Based on the results of the stoichiometric reaction, a secondary amine-catalyzed nitro-Michael reaction is performed as well which afforded reasonable diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jenny Begall
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Großkurth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonard Himmel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Linnenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Isaak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Oeschger R, Su B, Yu I, Ehinger C, Romero E, He S, Hartwig J. Diverse functionalization of strong alkyl C-H bonds by undirected borylation. Science 2020; 368:736-741. [PMID: 32409470 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba6146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective functionalization of strong, typically inert carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds in organic molecules is changing synthetic chemistry. However, the undirected functionalization of primary C-H bonds without competing functionalization of secondary C-H bonds is rare. The borylation of alkyl C-H bonds has occurred previously with this selectivity, but slow rates required the substrate to be the solvent or in large excess. We report an iridium catalyst ligated by 2-methylphenanthroline with activity that enables, with the substrate as limiting reagent, undirected borylation of primary C-H bonds and, when primary C-H bonds are absent or blocked, borylation of strong secondary C-H bonds. Reactions at the resulting carbon-boron bond show how these borylations can lead to the installation of a wide range of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds at previously inaccessible positions of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Oeschger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Isaac Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christian Ehinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sam He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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7
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Vickers C, Backfisch G, Oellien F, Piel I, Lange UEW. Enzymatic Late‐Stage Oxidation of Lead Compounds with Solubilizing Biomimetic Docking/Protecting groups. Chemistry 2018; 24:17936-17947. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Vickers
- Neuroscience Discovery, Medicinal ChemistryAbbVie (Deutschland) GmbH & Co. KG Knollstrasse D-67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Gisela Backfisch
- Development Sciences, DMPK and Bioanalytical ResearchAbbVie (Deutschland) GmbH & Co. KG Knollstrasse D-67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Frank Oellien
- Neuroscience Discovery, Medicinal ChemistryAbbVie (Deutschland) GmbH & Co. KG Knollstrasse D-67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Isabel Piel
- Neuroscience Discovery, Medicinal ChemistryAbbVie (Deutschland) GmbH & Co. KG Knollstrasse D-67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Udo E. W. Lange
- Neuroscience Discovery, Medicinal ChemistryAbbVie (Deutschland) GmbH & Co. KG Knollstrasse D-67061 Ludwigshafen Germany
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8
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Wang D, Zhao L, Wang D, Liu J, Yu X, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Transcriptome analysis and identification of key genes involved in 1-deoxynojirimycin biosynthesis of mulberry ( Morus alba L.). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5443. [PMID: 30155358 PMCID: PMC6109587 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) represents one of the most commonly utilized plants in traditional medicine and as a nutritional plant used worldwide. The polyhydroxylated alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is the major bioactive compounds of mulberry in treating diabetes. However, the DNJ content in mulberry is very low. Therefore, identification of key genes involved in DNJ alkaloid biosynthesis will provide a basis for the further analysis of its biosynthetic pathway and ultimately for the realization of synthetic biological production. Here, two cDNA libraries of mulberry leaf samples with different DNJ contents were constructed. Approximately 16 Gb raw RNA-Seq data was generated and de novo assembled into 112,481 transcripts, with an average length of 766 bp and an N50 value of 1,392. Subsequently, all unigenes were annotated based on nine public databases; 11,318 transcripts were found to be significantly differentially regulated. A total of 38 unique candidate genes were identified as being involved in DNJ alkaloid biosynthesis in mulberry, and nine unique genes had significantly different expression. Three key transcripts of DNJ biosynthesis were identified and further characterized using RT-PCR; they were assigned to lysine decarboxylase and primary-amine oxidase genes. Five CYP450 transcripts and two methyltransferase transcripts were significantly associated with DNJ content. Overall, the biosynthetic pathway of DNJ alkaloid was preliminarily speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- College of Oceanology and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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9
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Jackson KE, Mortimer CL, Odell B, McKenna JM, Claridge TDW, Paton RS, Hodgson DM. α- and α'-Lithiation-Electrophile Trapping of N-Thiopivaloyl and N-tert-Butoxythiocarbonyl α-Substituted Azetidines: Rationalization of the Regiodivergence Using NMR and Computation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9838-46. [PMID: 26401908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1)H NMR and computational analyses provide insight into the regiodivergent (α- and α'-) lithiation-electrophile trapping of N-thiopivaloyl- and N-(tert-butoxythiocarbonyl)-α-alkylazetidines. The magnitudes of the rotation barriers in these azetidines indicate that rotamer interconversions do not occur at the temperature and on the time scale of the lithiations. The NMR and computational studies support the origin of regioselectivity as being thiocarbonyl-directed lithiation from the lowest energy amide-like rotameric forms (cis for N-thiopivaloyl and trans for N-tert-butoxythiocarbonyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Claire L Mortimer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jeffrey M McKenna
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Timothy D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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10
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Xiong W, Qi C, Peng Y, Guo T, Zhang M, Jiang H. Base-Promoted Coupling of Carbon Dioxide, Amines, and Diaryliodonium Salts: A Phosgene- and Metal-Free Route toO-Aryl Carbamates. Chemistry 2015; 21:14314-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Liu Z, Jenkinson SF, Vermaas T, Adachi I, Wormald MR, Hata Y, Kurashima Y, Kaji A, Yu CY, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. 3-Fluoroazetidinecarboxylic Acids and trans,trans-3,4-Difluoroproline as Peptide Scaffolds: Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth by a Fluoroazetidine Iminosugar. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4244-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Liu
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tom Vermaas
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mark R. Wormald
- Glycobiology
Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Yukako Hata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kurashima
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Akira Kaji
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
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12
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Nallasivam JL, Fernandes RA. A Cascade Aza-Cope/Aza-Prins Cyclization Leading to Piperidine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Yang Y, Chi YT, Toh HH, Li Z. Evolving P450pyr monooxygenase for highly regioselective terminal hydroxylation of n-butanol to 1,4-butanediol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:914-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution of a P450pyr created I83M/I82T mutant as the first catalyst for highly regioselective terminal hydroxylation of n-butanol to 1,4-butanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Yu Tse Chi
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Hui Hung Toh
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical
- Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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14
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Gao P, Li A, Lee HH, Wang DIC, Li Z. Enhancing Enantioselectivity and Productivity of P450-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfoxidation with an Aqueous/Ionic Liquid Biphasic System. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore 117585
- Singapore−MIT
Alliance, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Aitao Li
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore 117585
| | - Heng Hiang Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore 117585
| | - Daniel I. C. Wang
- Singapore−MIT
Alliance, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117583
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore 117585
- Singapore−MIT
Alliance, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore 117583
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15
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Yang Y, Liu J, Li Z. Engineering of P450pyr Hydroxylase for the Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Subterminal Hydroxylation of Alkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3120-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Yang Y, Liu J, Li Z. Engineering of P450pyr Hydroxylase for the Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Subterminal Hydroxylation of Alkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Parshikov IA, Silva EO, Furtado NAJC. Transformation of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1497-506. [PMID: 24352731 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds include many drugs and compounds that may be used as synthons for the synthesis of other pharmacologically active substances. The need for new derivatives of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles for organic synthesis, biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry, including optically active derivatives, has increased interest in microbial synthesis. This review provides an overview of microbial technologies that can be valuable to produce new derivatives of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles, including hydroxylated derivatives. The chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivity of microbial processes can be indispensable for the synthesis of new compounds. Microbial processes carried out with fungi, including Beauveria bassiana, Cunninghamella verticillata, Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacteria, including Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp. and Rhodococcus erythropolis, biotransform many substrates efficiently. Among the biological activities of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are antimicrobial, antitumor, antihypertensive and anti-HIV activities; some derivatives are effective for the treatment and prevention of malaria and trypanosomiasis, and others are potent glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Parshikov
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia,
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Zhang J, Xu T, Li Z. Enantioselective Biooxidation of Racemictrans-Cyclic Vicinal Diols: One-Pot Synthesis of Both Enantiopure (S,S)-Cyclic Vicinal Diols and (R)-α-Hydroxy Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Velavan A, Sumathi S, Balasubramanian KK. AlMe3-Mediated Regio- and Chemoselective Reactions of Indole with Carbamoyl Electrophiles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Glawar AFG, Jenkinson SF, Thompson AL, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Butters TD, Fleet GWJ. 3-Hydroxyazetidine Carboxylic Acids: Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids for Medicinal Chemists. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:658-66. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Pham SQ, Gao P, Li Z. Engineering of recombinant E. coli cells co-expressing P450pyrTM monooxygenase and glucose dehydrogenase for highly regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of alicycles with cofactor recycling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:363-73. [PMID: 22886996 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
E. coli (P450pyrTM-GDH) with dual plasmids, pETDuet containing P450pyr triple mutant I83H/M305Q/A77S (P450pyrTM) and ferredoxin reductase (FdR) genes and pRSFDuet containing glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and ferredoxin (Fdx) genes, was engineered to show a high activity (12.7 U g⁻¹ cdw) for the biohydroxylation of N-benzylpyrrolidine 1 and a GDH activity of 106 U g⁻¹ protein. The E. coli cells were used as efficient biocatalysts for highly regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of alicyclic substrates at non-activated carbon atom with enhanced productivity via intracellular recycling of NAD(P)H. Hydroxylation of N-benzylpyrrolidine 1 with resting cells in the presence of glucose showed excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, giving (S)-N-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine 2 in 98% ee as the sole product in 9.8 mM. The productivity is much higher than that of the same biohydroxylation using E. coli (P450pyrTM)b without expressing GDH. E. coli (P450pyrTM-GDH) was found to be highly regio- and stereoselective for the hydroxylation of N-benzylpyrrolidin-2-one 3, improving the regioselectivity from 90% of the wild-type P450pyr to 100% and giving (S)-N-benzyl-4-hydroxylpyrrolidin-2-one 4 in 99% ee as the sole product. A high activity of 15.5 U g⁻¹ cdw was achieved and (S)-4 was obtained in 19.4 mM. E. coli (P450pyrTM-GDH) was also found to be highly regio- and stereoselective for the hydroxylation of N-benzylpiperidin-2-one 5, increasing the ee of the product (S)-N-benzyl-4-hydroxy-piperidin-2-one 6 to 94% from 33% of the wild-type P450pyr. A high activity of 15.8 U g⁻¹ cdw was obtained and (S)-6 was produced in 3.3 mM as the sole product. E. coli (P450pyrTM-GDH) represents the most productive system known thus far for P450-catalyzed hydroxylations with cofactor recycling, and the hydroxylations with E. coli (P450pyrTM-GDH) provide with simple and useful syntheses of (S)-2, (S)-4, and (S)-6 that are valuable pharmaceutical intermediates and difficult to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Q Pham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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22
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O'Reilly E, Aitken SJ, Grogan G, Kelly PP, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. Regio- and stereoselective oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds with Rhodococcus rhodochrous. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:496-500. [PMID: 22509221 PMCID: PMC3326629 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Rhodococcus rhodochrous (NCIMB 9703) to catalyse the regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of a range of benzyloxy-substituted heterocycles has been investigated. Incubation of 2-benzyloxytetrahydropyrans with resting cell suspensions of the organism yielded predominantly a mixture of 5-hydroxylated isomers in combined yields of up to 40%. Exposure of the corresponding 2-benzyloxytetrahydrofuran derivatives to the cell suspensions gave predominantly the 4-hydroxylated isomers in yields of up to 26%. Most interestingly, 2-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)tetrahydrofuran and 2-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)tetrahydropyran were transformed in high yields to the 4-hydroxylated and 5-hydroxylated products, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7ND, UK, , Tel: +44 (0)161 3065172
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Pham SQ, Pompidor G, Liu J, Li XD, Li Z. Evolving P450pyr hydroxylase for highly enantioselective hydroxylation at non-activated carbon atom. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4618-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30779k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang W, Tang WL, Wang Z, Li Z. Regio- and Stereoselective Biohydroxylations with a Recombinant Escherichia coli Expressing P450pyr Monooxygenase of Sphingomonas Sp. HXN-200. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Chen Y, Tang W, Mou J, Li Z. High-Throughput Method for Determining the Enantioselectivity of Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydroxylations Based on Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5278-83. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Chen Y, Tang W, Mou J, Li Z. High-Throughput Method for Determining the Enantioselectivity of Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydroxylations Based on Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Biotransformation of medium-chain alkanes using recombinant P450 monooxygenase from Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 expressed in Escherichia coli. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hodgson DM, Kloesges J. Lithiation-electrophilic substitution of N-thiopivaloylazetidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2900-3. [PMID: 20235261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The fourth protocol: the rarely studied N-thiopivaloyl group plays a crucial role in mediating efficient α lithiation and incorporation of diverse electrophiles onto an azetidine ring; in the presence of chiral ligands, this chemistry also provides the first example of an enantioselective electrophilic substitution on a four-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
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29
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Hodgson D, Kloesges J. Lithiation-Electrophilic Substitution of N-Thiopivaloylazetidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Tang WL, Li Z, Zhao H. Inverting the enantioselectivity of P450pyr monooxygenase by directed evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5461-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00735h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Chang D, Zhang J, Witholt B, Li Z. Chemical and Enzymatic Synthetic Methods for Asymmetric Oxidation of the C–C Double Bond. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420410001710065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Enantioselective benzylic hydroxylation of indan and tetralin with Pseudomonas monteilii TA-5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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van Beilen JB, Funhoff EG, van Loon A, Just A, Kaysser L, Bouza M, Holtackers R, Röthlisberger M, Li Z, Witholt B. Cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylases of the CYP153 family are common in alkane-degrading eubacteria lacking integral membrane alkane hydroxylases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:59-65. [PMID: 16391025 PMCID: PMC1352210 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.59-65.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strains that grow on medium-chain-length alkanes and catalyze interesting hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions do not possess integral membrane nonheme iron alkane hydroxylases. Using PCR, we show that most of these strains possess enzymes related to CYP153A1 and CYP153A6, cytochrome P450 enzymes that were characterized as alkane hydroxylases. A vector for the polycistronic coexpression of individual CYP153 genes with a ferredoxin gene and a ferredoxin reductase gene was constructed. Seven of the 11 CYP153 genes tested allowed Pseudomonas putida GPo12 recombinants to grow well on alkanes, providing evidence that the newly cloned P450s are indeed alkane hydroxylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B van Beilen
- Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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35
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Hollmann F, Hofstetter K, Schmid A. Non-enzymatic regeneration of nicotinamide and flavin cofactors for monooxygenase catalysis. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 24:163-71. [PMID: 16488494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic oxygenation chemistry is a rapidly evolving field in which monooxygenases are the tools of choice. Monooxygenases catalyze many industrially important synthetic transformations; however, their use in preparative applications is hampered by their intrinsic requirement for reducing equivalents. As a result, non-enzymatic strategies--where the reducing equivalents are introduced directly into the catalytic cycle--are being developed to supersede the well-established enzymatic NAD(P)H regeneration systems currently in use. In this review we summarize and evaluate recent achievements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hollmann
- Degussa Care & Surface Specialties, Goldschmidt AG, Goldschmidtstrasse 100, 45127 Essen, Germany
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36
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Isoda T, Yamamura I, Tamai S, Kumagai T, Nagao Y. A Practical and Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Derivatives for Oral Carbapenem, L-084. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:1408-11. [PMID: 17015978 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An orally active carbapenem L-084, which exhibits high bioavailability in humans, has a 1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ylthio moiety at the C-2 position of the 1beta-methylcarbapenem skeleton. We established a practical and cost-effective synthesis of 3-mercapto-1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl)azetidine (1) for further scale-up production of L-084. This synthesis method entails an industry-oriented reaction of azetidine ring-closure to yield N-benzyl-3-hydroxyazetidine (16), which is eventually converted to 1 via key intermediates, Bunte salts 19 and 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Isoda
- Medical Research Laboratories, Wyeth K.K., Shiki, Saitama, Japan.
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37
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van Beilen JB, Funhoff EG. Expanding the alkane oxygenase toolbox: new enzymes and applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005; 16:308-14. [PMID: 15961032 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As highly reduced hydrocarbons are abundant in the environment, enzymes that catalyze the terminal or subterminal oxygenation of alkanes are relatively easy to find. A number of these enzymes have been biochemically characterized in detail, because the potential of alkane hydroxylases to catalyze high added-value reactions is widely recognized. Nevertheless, the industrial application of these enzymes is restricted owing to the complex biochemistry, challenging process requirements, and the limited number of cloned and expressed enzymes. Rational and evolutionary engineering approaches have started to yield more robust and versatile enzyme systems, broadening the alkane oxygenase portfolio. In addition, metagenomic approaches provide access to many novel alkane oxygenase sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B van Beilen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Institute of Biotechnology, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 16, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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38
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Pedrosa R, Andrés C, Nieto J, del Pozo S. Diastereoselective Yang Photocyclization Reactions in Solution. Synthesis of Enantiopure Azetidin-3-ol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2005; 70:1408-16. [PMID: 15704977 DOI: 10.1021/jo0481497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Chiral 2-acyl-3-allyl- or 2-acyl-3-benzyl-substituted perhydro-1,3-benzoxazines readily cyclized under irradiation to azetidin-3-ol derivatives. The diastereoselectivity of the cyclization is dependent on the nature of the substituents at the nitrogen atom. N-allyl-substituted derivatives yielded only two of the four possible diastereomers in moderate to good diastereomeric excess. The cyclization of N-benzyl derivatives was totally diastereoselective leading to a single diastereomer. The elimination of the menthol appendage lead to enantiopure 2,3-disubstituted azetidin-3-ol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011-Valladolid, Spain.
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Alcaide B, Almendros P. Chapter 4.2 Four-membered ring systems. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(03)80007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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40
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Abstract
In the biohydroxylation of nonactivated carbon atoms, substrate engineering has been found to be a very useful and simple means to influence substrate acceptance and the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of this transformation. Recently, this methodology has been applied to the hydroxylation of a large number of compounds including cycloalkane carboxylic acids, ketones, amines, amides and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna de Raadt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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Chang D, Feiten HJ, Witholt B, Li Z. Regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of N-substituted piperidin-2-ones with Sphingomonas sp. HXN-200. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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