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Organometallic Chemistry within the Structured Environment Provided by the Macrocyclic Cores of Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031496. [PMID: 36771158 PMCID: PMC9920839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable organometallic derivatives was first demonstrated for N-confused porphyrins but many other carbaporphyrin-type systems were subsequently shown to exhibit similar or complementary properties. Metalation commonly occurs with catalytically active transition metal cations and the resulting derivatives exhibit widely different physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties and range from strongly aromatic to nonaromatic and antiaromatic species. Metalation may trigger unusual, highly selective, oxidation reactions. Alkyl group migration has been observed within the cavity of metalated carbaporphyrins, and in some cases ring contraction of the carbocyclic subunit takes place. Over the past thirty years, studies in this area have led to multiple synthetic routes to carbaporphyrinoid ligands and remarkable organometallic chemistry has been reported. An overview of this important area is presented.
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2
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Yadav B, Isar P, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Studies of Fused Benzo-Benzisapphyrins. J Org Chem 2023; 88:395-402. [PMID: 36524818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of rare examples of fused benzo-benzisapphyrins were synthesized readily by (3 + 2) condensation of benzodipyrrole-derived diol and para-benzitripyrrane in the presence of 0.5 equiv of TFA in CH2Cl2 under inert atmosphere conditions accompanied by DDQ oxidation in open air. The crude compounds were separated by basic alumina column chromatography and afforded pure fused benzo-benzisapphyrins in 20-22% yields. The fused sapphyrins were characterized in detail by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectra recorded at both 298 and at 233 K clearly exhibited the presence of a strong diatropic ring current in benzo-benzisapphyrins, and the macrocycles are of aromatic nature. The DFT-optimized structure of benzo-benzisapphyrin revealed that the macrocycle was planar to a great extent due to the rigid structure of the dibenzopyrrole moiety, and the NICS(0) value of -11.2 ppm supports the aromatic nature of macrocycles. The absorption spectra of benzo-benzisapphyrins showed three weak Q bands approximately in the region of 650-900 nm and a strong Soret band at 480 nm, along with a shoulder band at ∼510 nm. The diprotonated derivative generated by the addition of excess TFA to the benzo-benzisapphyrin macrocycle exhibited bathochromically shifted absorption bands compared to the free base macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prosenjit Isar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraβe 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Li Q, Ishida M, Wang Y, Li C, Baryshnikov G, Zhu B, Sha F, Wu X, Ågren H, Furuta H, Xie Y. Antiaromatic Sapphyrin Isomer: Transformation into Contracted Porphyrinoids with Variable Aromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212174. [PMID: 36342501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sapphyrin is a pentapyrrolic expanded porphyrin with a 22π aromatic character. Herein, we report the synthesis of a 20π antiaromatic sapphyrin isomer 1 by oxidative cyclization of a pentapyrrane precursor P5 with a terminal β-linked pyrrole. The resulting isomer 1, containing a mis-linked bipyrrole unit in the skeleton, exhibits a reactivity for further oxidation due to the distinct antiaromatic electronic structure, affording a fused macrocycle 2, possessing a spiro-carbon-containing [5.6.5.6]-tetracyclic structure. Subsequent treatment with an acid afforded a weakly aromatic pyrrolone-appended N-confused corrole 3, and thermal fusion gave a [5.6.5.7]-tetracyclic-ring-embedded 14π aromatic triphyrin(2.1.1) analog 4. The cyclization at the mis-linked pyrrole moiety of P5 played a crucial role in synthesizing the antiaromatic porphyrinoid susceptible to facile transformation to novel porphyrinoids with variable aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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4
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Joven‐Sancho D, Baya M, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. A Five‐Coordinate Compound with Inverted Ligand Field: An Unprecedented Geometry for Silver(III). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven‐Sancho
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
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Joven‐Sancho D, Baya M, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. A Five-Coordinate Compound with Inverted Ligand Field: An Unprecedented Geometry for Silver(III). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26545-26549. [PMID: 34596935 PMCID: PMC9298700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By using suitable synthetic procedures, we have first isolated the square-planar organosilver(III) compounds [PPh4 ][trans-(CF3 )2 AgX2 ] [X=Cl (1 a), Br (2 a)]. The geometry and stereochemistry of the chloro-derivative 1 a have been unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) methods. Following our calculations on the relative stability of the cis-/trans-[(CF3 )2 AgX2 ]- couples (X=F, Cl, Br, I), the experimentally obtained compounds 1 a and 2 a appear to be kinetically favored stereoisomers. They display some tendency to associate an additional X- ligand affording rare five-coordinate AgIII species [(CF3 )2 AgX3 ]2- . Interestingly, compound [PPh4 ]2 [(CF3 )2 AgBr3 ] (3) has been identified by SC-XRD methods as the first AgIII derivative with trigonal symmetry in general and trigonal bipyramidal geometry in particular. This unusual five-coordinate species also exhibits inverted ligand field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven‐Sancho
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
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6
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A Pincer Motif Etched into a meta-Benziporphyrin Frame. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Abstract
An unprecedented tellurabenziporphyrin containing C, N, and Te donor atoms was synthesized by condensing benzitripyrrane and tellurophene diol under acid catalyzed conditions. The tellurabenziporphyrin readily forms a Pd(II) complex when treated with PdCl2 in CHCl3/CH3CN. The crystal structures of tellurabenziporphyrin and its Pd(II) complex revealed that the benzene ring hinders the π-electron delocalization. An unusual five-membered ring formed inside the macrocycle due to the strong interaction between "Te" and "N" in the Pd(II) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology , Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Way-Zen Lee
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University , 88 Section 4 Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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8
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Hurej K, Pawlicki M, Latos-Grażyński L. Gold(III) Triggered Transformations of 22-Methyl-m
-benziporphyrin Involving an Effective Contraction of Benzene to Cyclopentadiene. Chemistry 2016; 23:2059-2066. [PMID: 27981629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hurej
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; ul.14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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10
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Abebayehu A, Park D, Hwang S, Dutta R, Lee CH. Synthesis and spectroscopic behaviour of metal complexes of meso-alkylidenyl carbaporphyrinoids and their expanded analogues. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3093-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of meso-diethyl malonylidene carbaporphyrinoids have been synthesized and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeje Abebayehu
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Dowoo Park
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Seonah Hwang
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kangwon National University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
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11
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Core chemistry and skeletal rearrangements of porphyrinoids and metalloporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3588-616. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin core alteration allows for the exploration of porphyrin-like or porphyrin-unlike coordination chemistry and provides an insight into reactions inside particularly shaped macrocyclic architecture including metal-mediated structural transformations.
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12
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Pincerlike Cyclic Systems for Unraveling Fundamental Coinage Metal Redox Processes. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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13
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Lash TD. Benziporphyrins, a unique platform for exploring the aromatic characteristics of porphyrinoid systems. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7846-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Benziporphyrins and related systems exhibit a wide range of properties and may possess nonaromatic, strongly aromatic or even antiaromatic characteristics.
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14
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Fosu SC, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Synthesis and Metalation of Dimethoxybenziporphyrins, Thiabenziporphyrins, and Dibenziporphyrins. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11061-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502063w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy C. Fosu
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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15
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16
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Relative stability of benziporphyrin and naphthiporphyrin tautomers and the emergence of macrocyclic diatropicity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8719-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformations and relative stabilities of a series of benziporphyrin and naphthiporphyrin tautomers were calculated and the diatropic properties of each of these species were assessed. The results were in good agreement with experimental observations and allow favorable delocalization pathways to be identified.
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Abstract
Over fifty years ago, Linstead and Elvidge described the syntheses of phthalocyanine-like macrocycles in which one or two of the interior metal-binding nitrogen atoms were replaced with aromatic C - H groups. We review here the coordination chemistry of two of these systems, dicarbahemiporphyrazine and benziphthalocyanine, and we emphasize the unusual reactivity displayed by these macrocycles and the varying extent to which the C - H groups are activated by metal-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Durfee
- Department of Chemistry, Buffalo State College, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222-1095, USA
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18
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Grzegorzek N, Latos-Grażyński L, Szterenberg L. Regioselective phosphorylation and thiophosphorylation of N-confused porphyrin: a route to hybrid carbaporphyrinoids. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8064-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Conformational Flexibility of 1,4-Naphthiporphyrin Promotes a Palladium-Mediated Contraction of Naphthalene to Isoindene. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
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20
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Lash TD, Miyake K, Xu L, Ferrence GM. Synthesis of a Series of Aromatic Benziporphyrins and Heteroanalogues via Tripyrrane-Like Intermediates Derived from Resorcinol and 2-Methylresorcinol. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6295-308. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Kae Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Jane M. Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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22
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Nakabuchi T, Nakashima M, Fujishige S, Nakano H, Matano Y, Imahori H. Synthesis and Reactions of Phosphaporphyrins: Reconstruction of π-Skeleton Triggered by Oxygenation of a Core Phosphorus Atom. J Org Chem 2009; 75:375-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakabuchi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujishige
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Grzegorzek N, Pawlicki M, Latos-Grażyński L. Regioselective Amination of Carbaporpholactone and N-Confused Porphyrin. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8547-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901508v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Grzegorzek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., Wrocław 50 383, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., Wrocław 50 383, Poland
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24
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Chang GF, Kumar A, Ching WM, Chu HW, Hung CH. Tetramethyl-m-benziporphodimethene and Isomeric α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactam Embedded N-Confused Tetramethyl-m-benziporphodimethenes. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:164-73. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Ishizuka T, Ikeda S, Toganoh M, Yoshida I, Ishikawa Y, Osuka A, Furuta H. Substitution, dimerization, metalation, and ring-opening reactions of N-fused porphyrins. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Pawlicki M, Kańska I, Latos-Grazyński L. Copper(II) and Copper(III) Complexes of Pyrrole-Appended Oxacarbaporphyrin. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:6575-84. [PMID: 17608473 DOI: 10.1021/ic700631t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of an O-confused porphyrin with a pendant pyrrole 4 and copper(II) acetate yields an organocopper(III) diamagnetic complex 4-Cu(III) substituted at the C(3) position by the pyrrole and H. The transformation of 4-Cu(III), performed in aerobic conditions, gave a rare copper(II) organometallic compound 6-Cu(II). In the course of this process, the tetrahedral-trigonal rearrangement originated at the C(3) atom but effects the whole structure. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic features correspond to a copper(II) oxidation state. A crystallographic analysis of 6-Cu(II) confirmed the formation of a direct metal-C bond [Cu(II)-C 1.939(4) A]. It was found that the Cu(II) complex of O-confused oxaporphyrin is sensitive to oxidative conditions. The degradation of 6-Cu(II) to yield copper(II) tripyrrinone complexes has been observed, which was considered as a peculiar case of dioxygen activation in a porphyrin-like environment. This process is accompanied by regioselective oxygenation at the inner C to form the 2-oxa-3-(2'-pyrrolyl)-21-hydroxycarbaporphyrinatocopper(II) complex ((pyrr)OCPO)CuII (8). The reaction of 6-Cu(II) with hydrogen peroxide, performed under heterophasic conditions, resulted in quantitative regioselective hydroxylation centered at the internal C(21) atom, also producing 8. Treatment of 8 with acid results in demetalation to form the nonaromatic 21-hydroxy O-confused porphyrin derivative ((pyrr)OCPOH)H (9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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27
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Harvey JD, Ziegler CJ. The metal complexes of N-confused porphyrin as heme model compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:869-80. [PMID: 16510190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, metal complexes of the isomers and analogs of porphyrin have become important model compounds for heme enzymes and proteins. While the chemistry of metalloporphyrins as heme models still attracts attention, the isomers and analogs of porphyrins provide insight into the biological choice of porphine as the macrocycle of choice and also help model reactive intermediates, such as high valent oxidation states. In this mini-review, we discuss the heme-relevant chemistry of N-confused porphyrin, an isomer of porphyrin with an inverted pyrrole ring, and focus on the chemistry of manganese, iron, and cobalt. The metallation chemistry of this macrocycle is more diverse than normal porphyrin, and involves tautomerization, C-H bond activation, the Lewis basicity of the external nitrogen, and issues with nucleophilic sensitivity. Despite the challenges posed by N-confused porphyrin, significant progress has been made toward generating heme-model complexes with this macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Buchtel College of Arts and Sciences, University of Akron, KNCL 404, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
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Stepień M, Latos-Grazyński L. Benziporphyrins: exploring arene chemistry in a macrocyclic environment. Acc Chem Res 2005; 38:88-98. [PMID: 15709728 DOI: 10.1021/ar040189+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benziporphyrins are synthetic porphyrin analogues, in which one of the pyrroles is replaced with a benzenoid ring. The arene can be incorporated into the macrocycle in several ways leading to molecules with distinct physical and chemical properties. By appropriately changing the structure of benziporphyrins, it is possible to affect their aromaticity, tautomeric equilibria, and reactivity. Benziporphyrins are versatile ligands, which offer a means to study the metal-arene couple in a macrocyclic environment. The coordination brings the metal ion into the vicinity of the arene fragment leading to activation of C-H bonds or weak interactions, which can be observed spectroscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stepień
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50383, Poland
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Newkome GR. Chapter 8 Eight-membered and larger rings. A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE 2003 LITERATURE PRECEDED BY TWO CHAPTERS ON CURRENT HETEROCYCLIC TOPICS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Stepień M, Latos-Grazyński L, Szterenberg L. Conformational Flexibility of Nickel(II) Benziporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:6654-62. [PMID: 15476365 DOI: 10.1021/ic049172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1)H NMR spectra of three paramagnetic Ni(II) complexes of benziporphyrins have been investigated in a broad temperature range. For the m- and p-benziporphyrin complexes, the line widths of certain signals exhibit an unusual temperature dependence characteristic of a dynamic process. This behavior is interpreted in terms of an equilibrium in which one of the forms is present at a very small concentration and cannot be observed directly. For the benziporphodimethene complex, the two exchanging forms are present at comparable concentrations and can yield separate signals in the slow exchange limit. To account for the observed exchange process, a mechanism is proposed involving the motion of the phenylene moiety. This hypothesis is further explored with DFT modeling, which indicates that the postulated conformers are thermally accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stepień
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław 50 383, Poland
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Hung CH, Chang FC, Lin CY, Rachlewicz K, Stepień M, Latos-Grazyński L, Lee GH, Peng SM. Iron and Copper Complexes of Tetraphenyl-m-benziporphyrin: Reactivity of the Internal C−H Bond. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:4118-20. [PMID: 15236521 DOI: 10.1021/ic049821l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron and copper complexes of tetraphenyl-m-benziporphyrin (TPmBPH)H have been prepared and structurally characterized. The iron system, (TPmBPH)Fe(II)Br, contains a high-spin Fe(II) center. In the solid state the complex forms dimeric units linked by weak CH.Br hydrogen bonds. The Cu complex contains a tetrameric copper cluster with a Cu(2)Cl(4)(2)(-) unit bridging two [(TPmBPCl)Cu(II)](+) fragments. The formation of (TPmBPCl)H represents an example of copper-catalyzed chlorination on the internal carbon atom of (TPmBPH)H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
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