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Sharma V, Sundaramurthy A. Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:508-532. [PMID: 32274289 PMCID: PMC7113543 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer capsules have been of great interest for scientists and medical communities in multidisciplinary fields of research, such as drug delivery, sensing, biomedicine, theranostics and gene therapy. The most essential attributes of a drug delivery system are considered to be multi-functionality and stimuli responsiveness against a range of external and internal stimuli. Apart from the highly explored strong polyelectrolytes, weak polyelectrolytes offer great versatility with a highly controllable architecture, unique stimuli responsiveness and easy tuning of the properties for intracellular delivery of cargo. This review describes the progress in the preparation, functionalization and applications of capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes or their combination with biopolymers. The selection of a sacrificial template for capsule formation, the driving forces involved, the encapsulation of a variety of cargo and release based on different internal and external stimuli have also been addressed. We describe recent perspectives and obstacles of weak polyelectrolyte/biopolymer systems in applications such as therapeutics, biosensing, bioimaging, bioreactors, vaccination, tissue engineering and gene delivery. This review gives an emerging outlook on the advantages and unique responsiveness of weak polyelectrolyte based systems that can enable their widespread use in potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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2
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Arnon ZA, Gilead S, Gazit E. Microfluidics for real-time direct monitoring of self- and co-assembly biomolecular processes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:102001. [PMID: 30537683 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf7b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a major approach for the fabrication of functional supramolecular nanomaterials. This dynamic, straightforward, bottom-up procedure may result in the formation of various architectures at the nano-scale, with remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. Biological and bio-inspired building blocks are especially attractive due to their intrinsic tendency to assemble into well-organized structures, as well as their inherent biocompatibility. To further expand the morphological diversity, co-assembly methods have been developed, allowing to produce alternative unique architectures, enhanced properties, and improved structural control. However, in many cases, mechanistic understanding of the self- and co-assembly processes is still lacking. Microfluidic techniques offer a set of exclusive tools for real-time monitoring of biomolecular self-organization, which is crucial for the study of such dynamic processes. Assembled nuclei, confined by micron-scale pillars, could be subjected to controlled environments aiming to assess the effect of different conditions on the assembly process. Other microfluidics setups can produce droplets at a rate of over 100 s-1, with volumes as small as several picoliters. Under these conditions, each droplet can serve as an individual pico/nano-reactor allowing nucleation and assembly. These processes can be monitored, analyzed and imaged, by various techniques including simple bright-field microscopy. Elucidating the mechanism of such molecular events may serve as a conceptual stepping-stone for the rational control of the resulting physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar A Arnon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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3
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Tong F, Linares-Mendez IJ, Han YF, Wisner JA, Wang HB. Readily functionalized AAA-DDD triply hydrogen-bonded motifs. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2947-2954. [PMID: 29623318 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a new, readily functionalized AAA-DDD hydrogen bond array. A novel AAA monomeric unit (3a-b) was obtained from a two-step synthetic procedure starting with 2-aminonicotinaldehyde via microwave radiation (overall yield of 52-66%). 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the complexation event with a calculated association constant of 1.57 × 107 M-1. Likewise, the usefulness of this triple hydrogen bond motif in supramolecular polymerization was demonstrated through viscosity measurements in a crosslinked supramolecular alternating copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China.
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Manganaro N, Pisagatti I, Notti A, Pappalardo A, Patanè S, Micali N, Villari V, Parisi MF, Gattuso G. Ring/Chain Morphology Control in Overall-Neutral, Internally Ion-Paired Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2017; 24:1097-1103. [PMID: 29124821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of internally ion-paired, neutral AA/BB-type supramolecular polymers composed of complementary di-ionizable homoditopic pairs of monomers is reported. Host-to-guest double-proton transfer mediates the recognition between bis-calix[5]arenedicarboxylic acids and α,ω-diaminoalkanes to yield cyclic, doughnut-shaped assemblies with morphologies (i.e., cyclic vs. linear) that can be controlled by means of external chemical stimuli. The behavior of these intriguing aggregates, both in solution and on surfaces, has been investigated by a combination of 1 H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, light-scattering, and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Manganaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Melchiorre F Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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Leclercq L, Bauduin P, Nardello-Rataj V. Supramolecular "Big Bang" in a Single-Ionic Surfactant/Water System Driven by Electrostatic Repulsion: From Vesicles to Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3395-3403. [PMID: 28068101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In aqueous solution, dimethyldi-n-octylammonium chloride, [DiC8][Cl], spontaneously forms dimers at low concentrations (1-10 mM) to decrease the strength of the hydrophobic-water contact. Dimers represent ideal building blocks for the abrupt edification of vesicles at 10 mM. These vesicles are fully characterized by dynamic and static light scattering, self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance, and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy. An increase in concentration leads to electrostatic repulsion between vesicles that explode into small micelles at 30 mM. These transitions are detected by means of surface tension, conductivity, and solubility of hydrophobic solutes as well as by isothermal titration microcalorimetry. These unusual supramolecular transitions emerge from the surfactant chemical structure that combines two contradictory features: (i) the double-chain structure tending to form low planar aggregates with low water solubility and (ii) the relatively short chains giving high hydrophilicity. The well-balanced hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of [DiC8][Cl] is then believed to be at the origin of the unusual supramolecular sequence offering new opportunities for drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Leclercq
- Univ. Lille , UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Bauduin
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257, CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM , BP 17171 CEA Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Fraix A, Torrisi V, Marletta G, Sortino S, Mineo PG, Tomaselli GA, Ballistreri FP, Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Pappalardo A. Supramolecular polymer networks based on calix[5]arene chained poly( p-phenyleneethynylene) and C 60 fulleropyrrolidine. Supramol Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vanna Torrisi
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Placido G. Mineo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- I.N.S.T.M. UdR of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Yang H, Zhang S, Liu K, Fang Y. Calix[4]arene-based low molecular mass gelators to form gels in organoalkoxysilanes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoalkoxysilanes-based molecular gels for melting-free deposition molding, potential smart materials for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- P. R. China
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8
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Abstract
In this review, we describe the construction of gated molecular baskets, discuss their mechanism of action in regulating the exchange of guests and illustrate the potential of these concave hosts to act as catalysts for controlling chemical reactions. Importantly, a number of computational and experimental studies have suggested that gated baskets ought to unfold their gates at the rim for permitting the passage of guests to/from their inner space. These dynamic hosts are therefore offered as useful models for investigating the process of gating in artificial systems. Furthermore, gated baskets should permit examining the benefit of controlling the rate by which reactants access a gated catalyst for promoting chemical reactions occurring in its confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Moerkerke S, Le Gac S, Topić F, Rissanen K, Jabin I. Selective Extraction and Efficient Binding in a Protic Solvent of Contact Ion Triplets by Using a Thiourea-Based Bis-Calix[6]arene Receptor. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tsai CC, Chang KC, Ho IT, Chu JH, Cheng YT, Shen LC, Chung WS. Evolution of nano- to microsized spherical assemblies of fluorogenic biscalix[4]arenes into supramolecular organogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3037-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40334c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Pappalardo A, Ballistreri FP, Destri GL, Mineo PG, Tomaselli GA, Toscano RM, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular Polymer Networks Based on Calix[5]arene Tethered Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene). Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3015239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6,
95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Ballistreri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6,
95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Destri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6,
95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Placido G. Mineo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6,
95125 Catania, Italy
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici - CNR, Viale
Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano A. Tomaselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6,
95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa M. Toscano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6,
95125 Catania, Italy
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12
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A pH-controllable electrochemical molecule switch employing a new electrochemical measurement system as switching transducer. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Yang WY, Roy S, Phrathep B, Rengert Z, Kenworthy R, Zorio DAR, Alabugin IV. Engineering pH-Gated Transitions for Selective and Efficient Double-Strand DNA Photocleavage in Hypoxic Tumors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8501-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Saumya Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Boondaniwon Phrathep
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Zach Rengert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Rachael Kenworthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
United States
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15
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Collinet-Fressancourt M, Leclercq L, Bauduin P, Aubry JM, Nardello-Rataj V. Counter Anion Effect on the Self-Aggregation of Dimethyl-di-N-octylammonium Cation: A Dual Behavior between Hydrotropes and Surfactants. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11619-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201590x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Collinet-Fressancourt
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille 1 and ENSCL, EA 4478 Chimie Moléculaire et Formulation, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Leclercq
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille 1 and ENSCL, EA 4478 Chimie Moléculaire et Formulation, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Bauduin
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, UMR 5257, CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM, BP 17171 CEA Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Marie Aubry
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille 1 and ENSCL, EA 4478 Chimie Moléculaire et Formulation, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Nardello-Rataj
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Lille 1 and ENSCL, EA 4478 Chimie Moléculaire et Formulation, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
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16
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Moerkerke S, Ménand M, Jabin I. Calix[6]arene-Based Cascade Complexes of Organic Ion Triplets Stable in a Protic Solvent. Chemistry 2010; 16:11712-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Leclercq L, Nardello-Rataj V, Rauwel G, Aubry JM. Structure-activity relationship of cyclodextrin/biocidal double-tailed ammonium surfactant host-guest complexes: towards a delivery molecular mechanism? Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:265-75. [PMID: 20615466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In aqueous solution, the biocidal double-tailed cationic surfactant, di-n-decyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride can form inclusion complexes with various cyclodextrins (alpha-CD, beta-CD, gamma-CD, HP-alpha-CD, HP-beta-CD and CM-beta-CD). A physicochemical study has been performed to investigate the association parameters of these host-guest complexes by combining the use of ammonium and chloride selective electrodes, NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. stoichiometries, equilibrium constants and geometries were determined by resorting to a specific algorithm. The antimicrobial activity of the encapsulated ammonium surfactant was compared with that of the free ammonium showing three different behaviors depending on the cyclodextrin. The close relationship between the complex structure and the biocidal activity is used to propose a delivery molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Leclercq
- Université Lille 1, EA Chimie Moléculaire et Formulation, Equipe Oxydation et Physico-chimie de la Formulation, Bât. C6, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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18
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Leclercq L, Nardello-Rataj V, Turmine M, Azaroual N, Aubry JM. Stepwise aggregation of dimethyl-di-n-octylammonium chloride in aqueous solutions: from dimers to vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1716-1723. [PMID: 19791781 DOI: 10.1021/la9026706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The self-aggregation of dimethyl-di-n-octylammonium chloride, in diluted aqueous solutions, was studied with various experimental and theoretical techniques: zetametry, conductimetry, dimethyl-di-n-octylammonium and chloride-selective electrodes, tensiometry, NMR spectroscopy ((1)H and DOSY), and molecular modeling (PM3 and molecular dynamic). The combination of the data obtained by these techniques led us to propose a stepwise aggregation process with increasing concentration: dimers (0.2-10 mM), bilayers (10-30 mM), and finally vesicles (>30 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Leclercq
- Université Lille 1, LCOM, Equipe Oxydation et Physico-Chimie de la Formulation, CNRS UMR 8009, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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19
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Yang WY, Breiner B, Kovalenko SV, Ben C, Singh M, LeGrand SN, Sang QXA, Strouse GF, Copland JA, Alabugin IV. C-lysine conjugates: pH-controlled light-activated reagents for efficient double-stranded DNA cleavage with implications for cancer therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11458-70. [PMID: 19637922 PMCID: PMC2771568 DOI: 10.1021/ja902140m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA cleavage of light-activated lysine conjugates is strongly enhanced at the slightly acidic pH (<7) suitable for selective targeting of cancer cells. This enhancement stems from the presence of two amino groups of different basicities. The first amino group plays an auxiliary role by enhancing solubility and affinity to DNA, whereas the second amino group, which is positioned next to the light-activated DNA cleaver, undergoes protonation at the desired pH threshold. This protonation results in two synergetic effects which account for the increased DNA-cleaving ability at the lower pH. First, lysine conjugates show tighter binding to DNA at the lower pH, which is consistent with the anticipated higher degree of interaction between two positively charged ammonium groups with the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA. Second, the unproductive pathway which quenches the excited state of the photocleaver through intramolecular electron transfer is eliminated once the donor amino group next to the chromophore is protonated. Experiments in the presence of traps for diffusing radicals show that reactive oxygen species do not contribute significantly to the mechanism of DNA cleavage at the lower pH, which is indicative of tighter binding to DNA under these conditions. This feature is valuable not only because many solid tumors are hypoxic but also because cleavage which does not depend on diffusing species is more localized and efficient. Sequence-selectivity experiments suggest combination of PET and base alkylation as the chemical basis for the observed DNA damage. The utility of these molecules for phototherapy of cancer is confirmed by the drastic increase in toxicity of five conjugates against cancer cell lines upon photoactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Serguei V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Chi Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Mani Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Shauna N. LeGrand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Geoffrey F. Strouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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20
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Rieth S, Wang BY, Bao X, Badjić JD. Four-State Switching Characteristics of a Gated Molecular Basket. Org Lett 2009; 11:2495-8. [PMID: 19453138 DOI: 10.1021/ol9009392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rieth
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Bao-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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21
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Abstract
Generic calix[4]arenes became readily accessible in the late 70s. With their potential eight anchoring points, their utility for the production of sophisticated, highly functionalised macrocyclic molecules was rapidly recognised. While most studies in calixarene chemistry have focused on monocalixarene derivatives, there is now an increasing interest in developing multicalixarene compounds, especially those made of several linearly-arranged calix[4]arene units, the first examples of which were reported in 1989. This critical review will present the most important synthetic routes to such molecules together with an analysis of the properties that such cavity combinations may induce. In particular it will be shown that the nature of the links between the calixarene units plays a determinant role in the product properties and that singly-linked calixarenes can be exploited in varied applications, including those as efficient receptors of large molecules, as electrochemical and luminescent sensors in ion detection, or as new materials allowing capsule formation suitable for the storage of small guests (82 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Sameni
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire et Catalyse, UMR 7177 CNRS, Strasbourg cedex, France
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22
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Leung KCF, Chak CP, Lo CM, Wong WY, Xuan S, Cheng CHK. pH-Controllable Supramolecular Systems. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:364-81. [PMID: 19090526 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Kataoka K, Okuyama S, Minami T, James TD, Kubo Y. Amine-triggered molecular capsules using dynamic boronate esterification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1682-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b900102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gattuso G, Notti A, Pappalardo A, Parisi MF, Pisagatti I, Pappalardo S, Garozzo D, Messina A, Cohen Y, Slovak S. Self-Assembly Dynamics of Modular Homoditopic Bis-calix[5]arenes and Long-Chain α,ω-Alkanediyldiammonium Components. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7280-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sebastiano Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angela Messina
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarit Slovak
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biologica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, CNR, ICTP Catania, Viale Regina Margherita 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Leclercq L, Schmitzer AR. Multiple Equilibria in the Complexation of Dibenzylimidazolium Bromide Salts by Cyclodextrins: Toward Controlled Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11064-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803760d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Leclercq
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Andreea R. Schmitzer
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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26
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Podoprygorina G, Janke M, Janshoff A, Böhmer V. Self-Assembled Polymers Based on bis-Tetra-Urea Calix[4]arenes Connected via the Wide Rim. Supramol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701742561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Podoprygorina
- a Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Abteilung Lehramt Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Janke
- b Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie , Welderweg 11, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- b Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie , Welderweg 11, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Böhmer
- a Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Abteilung Lehramt Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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Pappalardo S, Villari V, Slovak S, Cohen Y, Gattuso G, Notti A, Pappalardo A, Pisagatti I, Parisi MF. Counterion-Dependent Proton-Driven Self-Assembly of Linear Supramolecular Oligomers Based on Amino-Calix[5]arene Building Blocks. Chemistry 2007; 13:8164-73. [PMID: 17639537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a calix[5]arene bearing a 12-aminododecyl pendant group on the lower rim into supramolecular oligomers through intermolecular iterative inclusion events is readily triggered by contact with acid solutions and is reversed to the amino monomer precursor by treatment with a base. 1H NMR data are consistent with the formation of head-to-tail assemblies derived from endo-cavity inclusion of the alkylammonium moiety. Diffusion NMR and light-scattering studies provide evidence for the presence of oligomers in solution and show that different counterions and concentrations result in different oligomer sizes, whereas ESI-MS and SEM investigations, respectively, indicate that self-assembly also takes place in the gas phase and in the solid state. The growth of these supramolecular oligomers is concentration-dependent; however, as a consequence of the saline nature of the monomer, it also shows a distinct counterion-dependence owing to ion-pairing/solvation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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28
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Assembly via Hydrogen Bonds of Low Molar Mass Compounds into Supramolecular Polymers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2006_110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Molecules with conditional (switchable) properties are of considerable fundamental interest and are potentially useful for a broad range of applications, including chemical sensing. We have prepared a novel receptor, derived from the peracylation of cyclohexane 1,3,5-trimethanol with tyrosine, that suggests that the phenol-amine hydrogen bond may be an effective structural tool in the preparation of molecules with pH-switchable conformations. This conclusion is based on several key observations. First, the proton longitudinal relaxation rates for this molecule change in a pH-dependent fashion, while those for closely related structures do not. Second, NOESY spectra for the receptor change markedly depending on pH, with the spectrum acquired at pH 9.5 displaying NOEs consistent with the calculated "closed" conformation. Third, this molecule serves as a receptor for anions and cations in aqueous solution at high pH, but not at low pH, as demonstrated by UV-vis titrations and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Tajc
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Benjamin L. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
- Department of Dermatology, and the Center for Future Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
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30
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Abstract
The selective recognition-mediated reaction between a nitrone bearing a urea recognition site and a maleimide bearing a proton switchable recognition site can be turned 'on' and 'off' by the addition of base and acid respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Turega
- EaStCHEM and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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31
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Ohga K, Takashima Y, Takahashi H, Miyauchi M, Kawaguchi Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Supramolecular Polymers from a Cyclodextrin Dimer and Ditopic Guest Molecules. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Concepts and techniques of supramolecular chemistry are applied to the century-old chemistry between CO2 and amines to design novel sensing systems and nanoscale, self-assembling polymeric materials and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Rudkevich
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA.
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Xu H, Rudkevich DM. CO2 in Supramolecular Chemistry: Preparation of Switchable Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2004; 10:5432-42. [PMID: 15390077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200306062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CO2 gas was used to construct novel types of supramolecular polymers. Self-assembling nanostructures 11 and 13 were prepared, which employ both hydrogen bonding and dynamic, thermally reversible carbamate bonds. As precursors, calixarene ureas 1 and 2 were synthesized, which strongly aggregate/dimerize (K(D)>/=10(6) M(-1) per capsule) in apolar solution with the formation of self-assembling capsules 7 and linear polymeric chains 8, respectively, and also possess "CO2-philic" primary amino groups on the periphery. CO2 effectively reacts with molecules 7 and 8 in apolar solvents and cross-links them with the formation of multiple carbamate salt bridges. Oligomeric aggregate 11 and three-dimensional polymeric network 13 were prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The morphology of supramolecular gel 13 was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Addition of a competitive solvent destroyed the hydrogen bonding in assembling structures 11 and 13, but did not influence the carbamate linkers; carbamate salts 12 and 14, respectively, were obtained. On the other hand, thermal release of CO2 from 11 and 13 was easily accomplished (1 h, 100 degrees C) while retaining the hydrogen-bonding capsules. Thus, three-dimensional polymeric network 13 was transformed back to linear polymeric chain 8 without breaking up. Encapsulation and storage of solvent molecules by 11 and 13 was demonstrated. This opens the way for switchable materials, which reversibly trap, store, and then release guest molecules. A two-parameter switch and control over hydrogen bonding and CO2-amine adducts was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
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