1
|
Glycosyl Formates: Glycosylations with Neighboring-Group Participation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196244. [PMID: 36234778 PMCID: PMC9572138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected 2-O-benzyolated glycosyl formates were synthesized in one-step from the corresponding orthoester using formic acid as the sole reagent. Glucopyranosyl, mannopyranosyl and galactopyranosyl donors were synthesized and their glycosylation properties studied using model glycosyl acceptors of varied steric bulk and reactivity. Bismuth triflate was the preferred catalyst and KPF6 was used as an additive. The 1,2-trans-selectivities resulting from neighboring-group participation were excellent and the glycosylations were generally high-yielding.
Collapse
|
2
|
Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5139-5163. [PMID: 35199190 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glycans, including oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, play an integral role in modulating the biological functions of macromolecules. Many physiological and pathological processes are mediated by interactions between glycans, which has led to the use of glycans as biosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Elucidating the relationship between glycan structure and biological function is critical for advancing our understanding of the impact glycans have on human health and disease and for expanding the repertoire of glycans available for bioanalysis, especially for diagnostics. Such efforts have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogenous glycan samples needed to resolve the exact relationships between glycan structure and their structural or modulatory functions on a given glycoconjugate. Synthetic strategies offer a viable route for overcoming these technical hurdles. In recent years, microfluidics have emerged as powerful tools for realizing high-throughput and reproducible syntheses of homogenous glycans for the potential use in functional studies. This critical review provides readers with an overview of the microfluidic technologies that have been developed for chemical and enzymatic glycan synthesis. The advantages and limitations associated with using microreactor platforms to improve the scalability, productivity, and selectivity of glycosylation reactions will be discussed, as well as suggested future work that can address certain pitfalls.
Collapse
|
3
|
Stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed approach to the synthesis of complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:421. [PMID: 35058448 PMCID: PMC8776814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlycosyl phosphosaccharides represent a large and important family of complex glycans. Due to the distinct nature of these complex molecules, efficient approaches to access glycosyl phosphosaccharides are still in great demand. Here, we disclose a highly efficient and stereoselective approach to the synthesis of biologically important and complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides, employing direct gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation of the weakly nucleophilic phosphoric acid acceptors. In this work, the broad substrate scope is demonstrated with more than 45 examples, including glucose, xylose, glucuronate, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, fucose, 2-N3-2-deoxymannose, 2-N3-2-deoxyglucose, 2-N3-2-deoxygalactose and unnatural carbohydrates. Here, we show the glycosyl phosphotriester prepared herein was successfully applied to the one-pot synthesis of a phosphosaccharide from Leishmania donovani, and an effective preparation of a trisaccharide diphosphate of phosphosaccharide fragments from Hansenula capsulate via iterative elongation strategy is realized.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai DT, Xu JL, Chen ZY, Wang ZL, Xu YH. Synthesis of Enynic and Allenic Orthoesters via Defluoromethoxylation of 2-Trifluoromethyl-1,3-enynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1898-1903. [PMID: 33624501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this protocol, the chemoselective defluoromethoxylation reactions of 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-enynes were developed. The enynic and allenic orthoesters were selectively produced in good to excellent yields via multiple substitution processes under mild reaction conditions, respectively. The enynic orthoester products were proved capable of acting as efficient "platform molecules" to access various functionalized allenyl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ting Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahadi S, Awan SI, Werz DB. Total Synthesis of Tri-, Hexa- and Heptasaccharidic Substructures of the O-Polysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34. Chemistry 2020; 26:6264-6270. [PMID: 32092205 PMCID: PMC7318715 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient strategy for synthesis of tri-, hexa- and heptasaccharidic substructures of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34 is described. For the heptasaccharide seven different building blocks were employed. Special features of the structures are an α-linked galactosamine and the two embedded α-fucose units, which are either branched at positions-3 and -4 or further linked at their 2-position. Convergent strategies focused on [4+3], [3+4], and [4+2+1] couplings. Whereas the [4+3] and [3+4] coupling strategies failed the [4+2+1] strategy was successful. As monosaccharidic building blocks trichloroacetimidates and phosphates were employed. Global deprotection of the fully protected structures was achieved by Birch reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahadi
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Shahid I. Awan
- Georg-August-Universität GöttingenInstitute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität BraunschweigInstitute of Organic ChemistryHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sawettanai N, Leelayuwapan H, Karoonuthaisiri N, Ruchirawat S, Boonyarattanakalin S. Synthetic Lipomannan Glycan Microarray Reveals the Importance of α(1,2) Mannose Branching in DC-SIGN Binding. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7606-7617. [PMID: 31099561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipomannan (LM), a glycophospholipid found on the cell surface of mycobacteria, involves the virulence and survival in host cells. However, there is little to no information on how exactly mannan alignment, including the number of mannose units and the branched motif of LM, affects protein engagement during host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we synthesized the exact substructures of the LM glycans that consist of an α(1,6) mannan core, with and without the complete α(1,2) mannose branching, and comparatively studied their protein-carbohydrate interactions. The synthetic LM glycans were equipped with a thiol linker for immobilizations on the surfaces of microarrays. As per our findings, the presence of the branching α(1,2) mannose on the LM glycans increases their binding toward the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin receptor. An increase in the number of mannose units on the glycans also increases the binding with the mannose receptor. Thus, the set of synthetic glycans can serve as a useful tool to study the biological activities of LM and can provide a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithinan Sawettanai
- Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute , Chulabhorn Royal Academy , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Harin Leelayuwapan
- Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute , Chulabhorn Royal Academy , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) , National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , Pathum Thani 12120 , Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute , Chulabhorn Royal Academy , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Chulabhorn Research Institute, and Centre of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Siwarutt Boonyarattanakalin
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology , Thammasat University , Pathum Thani 12121 , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keenan T, Mills R, Pocock E, Budhadev D, Parmeggiani F, Flitsch S, Fascione M. The characterisation of a galactokinase from Streptomyces coelicolor. Carbohydr Res 2019; 472:132-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
8
|
Dey S, Bajaj SO, Tsai TI, Lo HJ, Wu K, Wong CH. Synthesis of Modular Building Blocks using Glycosyl Phosphate Donors for the Construction of Asymmetric N-Glycans. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:6003-6011. [PMID: 30983640 PMCID: PMC6456066 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl phosphates are known as versatile donors for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides both chemically and enzymatically. Herein, we report the stereoselective construction of modular building blocks for the synthesis of N-glycan using glycosyl phosphates as donors. We have synthesized four trisaccharide building blocks with orthogonal protecting groups, namely, Manβ2GlcNAc(OAc)3β6GlcNAc (9), Manβ2GlcNAc-β6GlcNAc(OAc)3 (15), Manβ2GlcNAc(OAc)3β4GlcNAc (18) and Manβ2GlcNAcβ4GlcNAc(OAc) (22) for further selective elongation using glycosyltransferases. The glycosylation reaction using glycosyl phosphate was found to be high yielding with shorter reaction time. Initially, The phthalimide protected glucosamine donor was exploited to ensure the formation of β-glycosidic linkage and later converted to the N-acetyl group before the enzymatic synthesis. The selective deprotection of O-benzyl group was performed prior to enzymatic synthesis to avoid its negative interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Sumit O Bajaj
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
- Corden Pharma Colorado Inc., 2075 55 Street, Boulder, CO, USA, 80301
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Hong-Jay Lo
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Kevin Wu
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang K, Parmeggiani F, Pallister E, Huang CJ, Liu FF, Li Q, Birmingham WR, Both P, Thomas B, Liu L, Voglmeir J, Flitsch SL. Characterisation of a Bacterial Galactokinase with High Activity and Broad Substrate Tolerance for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 6-Aminogalactose-1-Phosphate and Analogues. Chembiochem 2018; 19:388-394. [PMID: 29193544 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl phosphates are important intermediates in many metabolic pathways and are substrates for diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes. Thus, there is a need to develop libraries of structurally similar analogues that can be used as selective chemical probes in glycomics. Here, we explore chemoenzymatic cascades for the fast generation of glycosyl phosphate libraries without protecting-group strategies. The key enzyme is a new bacterial galactokinase (LgGalK) cloned from Leminorella grimontii, which was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyse 1-phosphorylation of galactose. LgGalK displayed a broad substrate tolerance, being able to catalyse the 1-phosphorylation of a number of galactose analogues, including 3-deoxy-3-fluorogalactose and 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose, which were first reported to be substrates for wild-type galactokinase. LgGalK and galactose oxidase variant M1 were combined in a one-pot, two-step system to synthesise 6-oxogalactose-1-phosphate and 6-oxo-2-fluorogalactose-1-phosphate, which were subsequently used to produce a panel of 30 substituted 6-aminogalactose-1-phosphate derivatives by chemical reductive amination in a one-pot, three-step chemoenzymatic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Edward Pallister
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Chuen-Jiuan Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Li
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - William R Birmingham
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Yang Z, Rodgers MT. Influence of Linkage Stereochemistry and Protecting Groups on Glycosidic Bond Stability of Sodium Cationized Glycosyl Phosphates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2602-2613. [PMID: 28924832 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments of sodium cationized glycosyl phosphate complexes, [GP x +Na]+, are performed to elucidate the effects of linkage stereochemistry (α versus β), the geometry of the leaving groups (1,2-cis versus 1,2-trans), and protecting groups (cyclic versus non-cyclic) on the stability of the glycosyl phosphate linkage via survival yield analyses. A four parameter logistic dynamic fitting model is used to determine CID50% values, which correspond to the level of rf excitation required to produce 50% dissociation of the precursor ion complexes. Present results suggest that dissociation of 1,2-trans [GP x +Na]+ occurs via a McLafferty-type rearrangement that is facilitated by a syn orientation of the leaving groups, whereas dissociation of 1,2-cis [GPx+Na]+ is more energetic as it involves the formation of an oxocarbenium ion intermediate. Thus, the C1-C2 configuration plays a major role in determining the stability/reactivity of glycosyl phosphate stereoisomers. For 1,2-cis anomers, the cyclic protecting groups at the C4 and C6 positions stabilize the glycosidic bond, whereas for 1,2-trans anomers, the cyclic protecting groups at the C4 and C6 positions tend to activate the glycosidic bond. The C3 O-benzyl (3 BnO) substituent is key to determining whether the sugar or phosphate moiety retains the sodium cation upon CID. For 1,2-cis anomers, the 3 BnO substituent weakens the glycosidic bond, whereas for 1,2-trans anomers, the 3 BnO substituent stabilizes the glycosidic bond. The C2 O-benzyl substituent does not significantly impact the glycosidic bond stability regardless of its orientation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uriel C, Rijo P, Fernandes AS, Gómez AM, Fraser-Reid B, López JC. Methyl 1,2-Orthoesters in Acid-Washed Molecular Sieves Mediated Glycosylations. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Uriel
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC); Bioorganic Chemistry Department; Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia Rijo
- Center for Research in Biosciences &Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologías; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto de Investigaçao do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa); Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana S. Fernandes
- Center for Research in Biosciences &Health Technologies (CBIOS); Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologías; 1749-024 Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto de Investigaçao do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa); Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gómez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC); Bioorganic Chemistry Department; Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Bert Fraser-Reid
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc. (NPG); 595F Weathersfield Road Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA
| | - J. Cristóbal López
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC); Bioorganic Chemistry Department; Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kristensen SK, Salamone S, Rasmussen MR, Marqvorsen MHS, Jensen HH. Glycosylortho-Methoxybenzoates: Catalytically Activated Glycosyl Donors with an Easily Removable and Recyclable Leaving Group. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffan K. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Stéphane Salamone
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Michelle R. Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mallick A, Mallikharjunarao Y, Rajasekaran P, Roy R, Vankar YD. AuIII-Halide/Phenylacetylene-Catalysed Glycosylations Using 1-O-Acetylfuranoses and Pyranose 1,2-Orthoesters as Glycosyl Donors. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Chen C, Van der Borght J, De Vreese R, D'hooghe M, Soetaert W, Desmet T. Engineering the specificity of trehalose phosphorylase as a general strategy for the production of glycosyl phosphates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:7834-6. [PMID: 24909572 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two-step process is reported for the anomeric phosphorylation of galactose, using trehalose phosphorylase as biocatalyst. The monosaccharide enters this process as acceptor but can subsequently be released from the donor side, thanks to the non-reducing nature of the disaccharide intermediate. A key development was the creation of an optimized enzyme variant that displays a strict specificity (99%) for β-galactose 1-phosphate as product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hanashima S, Götze S, Liu Y, Ikeda A, Kojima-Aikawa K, Taniguchi N, Varón Silva D, Feizi T, Seeberger PH, Yamaguchi Y. Defining the Interaction of Human Soluble Lectin ZG16p and Mycobacterial Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1502-11. [PMID: 25919894 PMCID: PMC5896728 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ZG16p is a soluble mammalian lectin that interacts with mannose and heparan sulfate. Here we describe detailed analysis of the interaction of human ZG16p with mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) by glycan microarray and NMR. Pathogen-related glycan microarray analysis identified phosphatidylinositol mono- and di-mannosides (PIM1 and PIM2) as novel ligand candidates of ZG16p. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and transferred NOE experiments with chemically synthesized PIM glycans indicate that PIMs preferentially interact with ZG16p by using the mannose residues. The binding site of PIM was identified by chemical-shift perturbation experiments with uniformly (15)N-labeled ZG16p. NMR results with docking simulations suggest a binding mode of ZG16p and PIM glycan; this will help to elucidate the physiological role of ZG16p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Akemi Ikeda
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa
- The Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610 (Japan)
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan).
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheng GJ, Oh YI, Chang SK, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Tunable heparan sulfate mimetics for modulating chemokine activity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:10898-901. [PMID: 23879859 PMCID: PMC3732023 DOI: 10.1021/ja4027727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans
participate in critical
biological processes by modulating the activity of a diverse set of
protein binding partners. Such proteins include all known members
of the chemokine superfamily, which are thought to guide the migration
of immune cells through their interactions with HS. Here, we describe
an expedient, divergent synthesis to prepare defined HS glycomimetics
that recapitulate the overall structure and activity of HS glycosaminoglycans.
Our approach uses a core disaccharide precursor to produce a variety
of differentially sulfated glycopolymers. We demonstrate that a specific
trisulfated mimetic antagonizes the chemotactic activity of the proinflammatory
chemokine RANTES with potency similar to that of heparin, without
inhibiting serine proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. Our
work provides a general strategy for modulating chemokine activity
and dissecting the pleiotropic functions of HS/heparin through the
presentation of defined sulfation motifs within polymeric scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria J Sheng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ranade SC, Demchenko AV. Mechanism of Chemical Glycosylation: Focus on the Mode of Activation and Departure of Anomeric Leaving Groups. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.749264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha C. Ranade
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri , St. Louis , MO , 63121 , USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri , St. Louis , MO , 63121 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Edgar LJG, Dasgupta S, Nitz M. Protecting-group-free synthesis of glycosyl 1-phosphates. Org Lett 2012; 14:4226-9. [PMID: 22846058 DOI: 10.1021/ol3019083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl 1-phosphates enriched in the α-anomer are obtained without the use of protecting groups in two steps starting from the free hemiacetal. Condensation of free hemiacetals with toluenesulfonylhydrazide yields a range of glycosylsulfonohydrazide donors which can be oxidized using cupric chloride in the presence of phosphoric acid and the coordinating additive 2-methyl-2-oxazoline to give useful yields of the fully deprotected glycosyl 1-phosphates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Landon John G Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao J, Wei S, Yue A, Shao H. Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Sugar Orthoesters Promoted by Anhydrous Sodium Acetate and Ultrasound. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Oka N, Sato K, Wada T. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Glycosyl Phosphate Derivatives. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2012. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.24.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Uriel C, Ventura J, Gómez AM, López JC, Fraser-Reid B. Unexpected stereocontrolled access to 1α,1'β-disaccharides from methyl 1,2-ortho esters. J Org Chem 2011; 77:795-800. [PMID: 22141592 DOI: 10.1021/jo202335n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannopyranose-derived methyl 1,2-orthoacetates (R = Me) and 1,2-orthobenzoates (R = Ph) undergo stereoselective formation of 1α,1'β-disaccharides, upon treatment with BF(3)·Et(2)O in CH(2)Cl(2), rather than the expected acid-catalyzed reaction leading to methyl glycosides by way of a rearrangement-glycosylation process of the liberated methanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Uriel
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oberli MA, Hecht ML, Bindschädler P, Adibekian A, Adam T, Seeberger PH. A possible oligosaccharide-conjugate vaccine candidate for Clostridium difficile is antigenic and immunogenic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:580-8. [PMID: 21609839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections with the Gram-positive pathogen Clostridium difficile pose a major risk for hospitalized patients and result in significant costs to health care systems. Here, we present the chemical synthesis of a PS-II hapten of a cell wall polysaccharide of hypervirulent ribotype 027 of C. difficile. Mice were immunized with a conjugate consisting of the synthetic hexasaccharide and the diphtheria toxoid variant CRM(197). The immunogenicity of the glycan repeating unit was demonstrated by the presence of specific IgG antibodies in the serum of immunized mice. Murine monoclonal antibodies interact with the synthetic hexasaccharide, as determined by microarray analysis. Finally, we found that specific IgA antibodies in the stool of hospital patients infected with C. difficile recognize the synthetic PS-II hexasaccharide hapten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Oberli
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Richichi B, Luzzatto L, Notaro R, Marca GL, Nativi C. Synthesis of the essential core of the human glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Bioorg Chem 2011; 39:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
John F, Hendrickson TL. Synthesis of truncated analogues for studying the process of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol modification. Org Lett 2010; 12:2080-3. [PMID: 20380381 DOI: 10.1021/ol100575q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic proteins are modified with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor at their C-termini. This post-translational modification causes these proteins to be noncovalently tethered to the plasma membrane. The synthesis of truncated GPI anchor analogues is reported; these compounds were designed for use as soluble substrates for GPI transamidase (GPI-T), the enzyme that appends the GPI anchor onto proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin John
- Department of Chemistry, 5101 Cass Avenue, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Superarmed and superdisarmed building blocks in expeditious oligosaccharide synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 301:189-221. [PMID: 21120713 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
: Traditional strategies for oligosaccharide synthesis often require extensive protecting and/or leaving group manipulations between each glycosylation step, thereby increasing the total number of synthetic steps while decreasing both the efficiency and yield. In contrast, expeditious strategies allow for the rapid chemical synthesis of complex carbohydrates by minimizing extraneous chemical manipulations. The armed-disarmed approach for chemoselective oligosaccharide synthesis is one such strategy that addresses these challenges. Herein, the significant improvements that have recently emerged in the area of chemoselective activation are discussed. These advancements have expanded the scope of the armed-disarmed methodology so that it can now be applied to a wider range of oligosaccharide sequences, in comparison to the original concept. Surveyed in this chapter are representative examples wherein these excellent innovations have already been applied to the synthesis of various oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.
Collapse
|
27
|
Boonyarattanakalin S, Liu X, Michieletti M, Lepenies B, Seeberger PH. Chemical synthesis of all phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM) glycans from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 130:16791-9. [PMID: 19049470 DOI: 10.1021/ja806283e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and problems with the BCG tuberculosis vaccine to protect humans against TB have prompted investigations into alternative approaches to combat this disease by exploring novel bacterial drug targets and vaccines. Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) are biologically important glycoconjugates and represent common essential precursors of more complex mycobacterial cell wall glycolipids including lipomannan (LM), lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and mannan capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM). Synthetic PIMs constitute important biochemical tools to elucidate the biosynthesis of this class of molecules, to reveal PIM interactions with host cells, and to investigate the function of PIMs as potential antigens and/or adjuvants for vaccine development. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of all PIMs including phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol mono- to hexa-mannoside (PIM1 to PIM6). Robust synthetic protocols were developed for utilizing bicyclic and tricyclic orthoesters as well as mannosyl phosphates as glycosylating agents. Each synthetic PIM was equipped with a thiol-linker for immobilization on surfaces and carrier proteins for biological and immunological studies. The synthetic PIMs were immobilized on microarray slides to elucidate differences in binding to the dendritic cell specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) receptor. Synthetic PIMs served as immune stimulators during immunization experiments in C57BL/6 mice when coupled to the model antigen keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwarutt Boonyarattanakalin
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, HCI F312, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
López JC, Ventura J, Uriel C, Gómez AM, Fraser-Reid B. Reaction of 1,2-Orthoesters with HF−Pyridine: A Method for the Preparation of Partly Unprotected Glycosyl Fluorides and Their Use in Saccharide Synthesis. Org Lett 2009; 11:4128-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cristóbal López
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), 595F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Juan Ventura
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), 595F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Clara Uriel
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), 595F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Ana M. Gómez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), 595F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Bert Fraser-Reid
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, and Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute Inc. (NPG), 595F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morales-Serna JA, Díaz Y, Matheu MI, Castillón S. Efficient Synthesis of β-Glycosphingolipids by Reaction of Stannylceramides with Glycosyl Iodides Promoted by TBAI/AW 300 Molecular Sieves. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Poláková M, Roslund MU, Ekholm FS, Saloranta T, Leino R. Synthesis of β-(1→2)-Linked Oligomannosides. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
34
|
Komba S, Terauchi T, Machida S. Automated Synthesis of a Tri-branched Pentasaccharide: the Application of the Uni-chemo Hydroxyl Protection Method to the Automated Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2009. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.56.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
35
|
Boutet J, Mulard LA. Synthesis of Two Tetra- and Four Pentasaccharide Fragments ofShigella flexneriSerotypes 3a and X O-Antigens from a Common Tetrasaccharide Intermediate. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
36
|
Matsumura F, Oka N, Wada T. Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Glycosyl Phosphites and Phosphoramidites via O-Selective Glycosylation of H-Phosphonate Derivatives. Org Lett 2008; 10:5297-300. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802190x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Matsumura
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building 702, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Natsuhisa Oka
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building 702, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building 702, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mydock LK, Demchenko AV. Application of the superarmed glycosyl donor to chemoselective oligosaccharide synthesis. Org Lett 2008; 10:2107-10. [PMID: 18447362 DOI: 10.1021/ol800648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we discovered a novel method for "superarming" glycosyl donors. Herein, this concept has been exemplified in one-pot oligosaccharide syntheses, whereby the superarmed glycosyl donor was chemoselectively activated over traditional "armed" and disarmed glycosyl acceptors. Direct side-by-side comparison of the reactivities of the classic armed and superarmed glycosyl donors further validates the credibility of the novel concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel K Mydock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mydock LK, Demchenko AV. Superarming the S-benzoxazolyl glycosyl donors by simple 2-O-benzoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl protection. Org Lett 2008; 10:2103-6. [PMID: 18447363 DOI: 10.1021/ol800345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The strategic placement of common protecting groups led to the discovery of a new method for "superarming" glycosyl donors. Conceptualized from our previous studies on the O-2/O-5 Cooperative Effect, it was determined that S-benzoxazolyl glycosyl donors possessing both a participating moiety at C-2 and an electronically armed lone pair at O-5, such as the superarmed glycosyl donor shown above, were exceptionally reactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel K Mydock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu X, Wada R, Boonyarattanakalin S, Castagner B, Seeberger PH. Automated synthesis of lipomannan backbone α(1-6) oligomannoside via glycosyl phosphates: glycosyl tricyclic orthoesters revisited. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3510-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b804069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Carrel FR, Seeberger PH. Protecting Group Manipulations on Glycosyl Phosphate Triesters. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300701298204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric R. Carrel
- a Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , Wolfgang‐Pauli‐Strasse 10, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- a Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) , Wolfgang‐Pauli‐Strasse 10, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Of the three classes of biopolymers—nucleic acids, proteins and glycoconjugates, nucleic acids
and proteins have seen the most breakthroughs in understanding their biological role, in part due to their
ready availability. The automation of oligonucleotide and peptide synthesis has been fruitful in providing
biologists and biochemists with pure, well-defined structures. This work reviews the recent developments
in the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides, the third class of biopolymers. Both glycosyl phosphates
and glycosyl trichloroacetimidates have been used successfully in the automated assembly of oligosaccharides
employing an octenediol-functionalized polystyrene resin. The product was cleaved either by methanolysis
of an ester bond or by olefin cross metathesis. Several biologically important carbohydrates have been
synthesized by automation, in a fraction of the time needed to synthesize them by traditional methods.
For example, the tumor associated antigens Lewis Y, Ley-Lex,
were synthesized by automation. A Leishmania cap tetrasaccharide
and a malaria toxin vaccine candidate were also assembled.
Collapse
|
42
|
Werz DB, Adibekian A, Seeberger PH. Synthesis of a Spore Surface Pentasaccharide ofBacillus anthracis. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
43
|
Anas S, Sajisha VS, Rajan R, Kumaran RT, Radhakrishnan KV. Ionic Liquid [bmim]PF6-Mediated Synthesis of 1,2-Orthoesters of Carbohydrates and the Glycosidation Reactions of 4-Pentenyl Orthoesters. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
44
|
|