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Bartolo ND, Read JA, Valentín EM, Woerpel KA. Reactions of Allylmagnesium Reagents with Carbonyl Compounds and Compounds with C═N Double Bonds: Their Diastereoselectivities Generally Cannot Be Analyzed Using the Felkin-Anh and Chelation-Control Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:1513-1619. [PMID: 31904936 PMCID: PMC7018623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the additions of allylmagnesium reagents to carbonyl compounds and to imines, focusing on the differences in reactivity between allylmagnesium halides and other Grignard reagents. In many cases, allylmagnesium reagents either react with low stereoselectivity when other Grignard reagents react with high selectivity, or allylmagnesium reagents react with the opposite stereoselectivity. This review collects hundreds of examples, discusses the origins of stereoselectivities or the lack of stereoselectivity, and evaluates why selectivity may not occur and when it will likely occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Bartolo
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jacquelyne A. Read
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Valentín
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514
University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Zhang J, Shan C, Zhang T, Song J, Liu T, Lan Y. Computational advances aiding mechanistic understanding of silver-catalyzed carbene/nitrene/silylene transfer reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bartolo ND, Woerpel KA. Mechanistic Insight into Additions of Allylic Grignard Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10197-10206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Bartolo
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Read JA, Woerpel KA. Allylmagnesium Halides Do Not React Chemoselectively Because Reaction Rates Approach the Diffusion Limit. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2300-2305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyne A. Read
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science; Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Kurashiki; Okayama 712-8505 Japan
| | - Akinobu Naka
- Department of Life Science; Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Kurashiki; Okayama 712-8505 Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
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Gamedze MP, Nkambule CM. Dibutyltin oxide mediated diastereoselective cyclodehydration/sulfonylation of 1,2,4-triols. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Siloxy alkynes are a family of versatile species in organic synthesis. This account reviews the annulation reactions of siloxy alkynes for the synthesis of a variety of carbo- and heterocyclic products. With various dipolarophiles or dipolarophile-like reaction partners, siloxy alkynes are capable of forming small (three- to six-membered) rings. Recently, we have expanded the scope to the synthesis of medium- and large-ring lactones, enabled by the design of new amphoteric molecules as well as a new ring-expansion strategy. These annulation reactions provide not only practically useful syntheses of cyclic molecules, but also important understanding of the fundamental reactivity of siloxy alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Huang CYD, Doyle AG. The chemistry of transition metals with three-membered ring heterocycles. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8153-98. [PMID: 24869559 DOI: 10.1021/cr500036t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Montavon TJ, Türkmen YE, Shamsi NA, Miller C, Sumaria CS, Rawal VH, Kozmin SA. [2+2+2] Cycloadditions of siloxy alkynes with 1,2-diazines: from reaction discovery to identification of an antiglycolytic chemotype. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13576-9. [PMID: 24346942 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition uncovered: The title reaction produces novel polycyclic compounds with high efficiency and excellent diastereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. A small-molecule library, synthesized using this reaction, yielded a novel chemotype which inhibited glycolytic ATP production by blocking glucose uptake in CHO-K1 cells. DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide, Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl, TIPS=triisopropylsilyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Montavon
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 (USA)
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Montavon TJ, Türkmen YE, Shamsi NA, Miller C, Sumaria CS, Rawal VH, Kozmin SA. [2+2+2] Cycloadditions of Siloxy Alkynes with 1,2-Diazines: From Reaction Discovery to Identification of an Antiglycolytic Chemotype. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Zhao W, Li Z, Sun J. A New Strategy for Efficient Synthesis of Medium and Large Ring Lactones without High Dilution or Slow Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4680-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400883q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Zigang Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao W, Wang Z, Sun J. Synthesis of eight-membered lactones: intermolecular [6+2] cyclization of amphoteric molecules with siloxy alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6209-13. [PMID: 22588830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Zhao W, Wang Z, Sun J. Synthesis of Eight-Membered Lactones: Intermolecular [6+2] Cyclization of Amphoteric Molecules with Siloxy Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Buchner KM, Woerpel KA. Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Insertion Reactions with Alkylidenesilacyclopropanes. Organometallics 2010; 29:1661-1669. [PMID: 20419110 DOI: 10.1021/om901042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium and nickel catalysts promoted highly selective carbon-carbon bond insertion reactions with di-tert-butyl-alkylidenesilacyclopropanes. Pd(PPh(3))(4) was demonstrated to be the optimal catalyst, allowing for a variety of carbon-carbon pi-bond insertion reactions. Depending on the nature of the carbon-carbon pi bond, the insertion reaction proceeded with either direct insertion into the carbon(sp(2))-silicon bond or with allylic transposition. Ring-substituted alkylidenesilacyclopropanes required a nickel catalyst to afford insertion products. Using Ni(cod)(2) as the carbon-carbon bond insertion catalyst, new double alkyne insertion products and alkene isomerization products were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Buchner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
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Buchner KM, Clark TB, Loy JMN, Nguyen TX, Woerpel KA. Alkylidenesilacyclopropanes derived from allenes: applications to the selective synthesis of triols and homoallylic alcohols. Org Lett 2009; 11:2173-5. [PMID: 19382782 DOI: 10.1021/ol900456v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several alkylidenesilacyclopropanes were prepared by silver-mediated silylene transfer to allenes. Oxasilacyclopentanes derived from allenes were prepared with high regio- and diastereoselectivity by a two-step, one-flask silacyclopropanation/carbonyl insertion reaction. Triols and homoallylic alcohols were formed diastereoselectively by functionalizing the oxasilacyclopentanes. An optically active allene (>98% ee) was utilized to synthesize an enantiopure homoallylic alcohol in 96% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Buchner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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