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Organometallic Chemistry within the Structured Environment Provided by the Macrocyclic Cores of Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031496. [PMID: 36771158 PMCID: PMC9920839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable organometallic derivatives was first demonstrated for N-confused porphyrins but many other carbaporphyrin-type systems were subsequently shown to exhibit similar or complementary properties. Metalation commonly occurs with catalytically active transition metal cations and the resulting derivatives exhibit widely different physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties and range from strongly aromatic to nonaromatic and antiaromatic species. Metalation may trigger unusual, highly selective, oxidation reactions. Alkyl group migration has been observed within the cavity of metalated carbaporphyrins, and in some cases ring contraction of the carbocyclic subunit takes place. Over the past thirty years, studies in this area have led to multiple synthetic routes to carbaporphyrinoid ligands and remarkable organometallic chemistry has been reported. An overview of this important area is presented.
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2
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Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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3
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Ghosh R. Chemistry of silver(III) and some of its compounds: A review. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Lash TD, Chaney ST, Johnson AL, Weisbond JT, Ferrence GM. Synthesis, metalation and antiaromatic properties of 22-hydroxybenziporphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621501030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 5-alkyl-2-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehydes with a tripyrrane in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), gave two examples of 22-hydroxybenziporphyrins. Unlike a related meso-tetraphenyl-22-hydroxybenziporphyrin, these products were reasonably stable in solution. Dicationic species were obtained upon addition of TFA to CDCl3 solutions, and these exhibited weakly diatropic properties. However, the free base forms gave broad peaks for the macrocycle’s peripheral protons that fell into the range of 4.5–3.3 ppm, demonstrating that the system has paratropic characteristics that are consistent with the keto-tautomers. The porphyrin analogues gave broad, poorly resolved, UV-vis spectra of the type expected for nonaromatic or antiaromatic structures. Reaction of a hydroxybenziporphyrin with nickel(II), copper(II) or palladium(II) acetate gave the related coordination complexes. The nickel and palladium derivatives were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and exhibited buckled geometries with the phenolate units strongly pivoted away from the macrocyclic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Sun T. Chaney
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Amy L. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Jack T. Weisbond
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
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Latham AN, Lash TD. Synthesis and Characterization of N-Methylporphyrins, Heteroporphyrins, Carbaporphyrins, and Related Systems. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13050-13068. [PMID: 32940469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MacDonald-type "3 + 1" condensations of an N-methyltripyrrane with a series of dialdehydes afforded a matched set of N-methylporphyrins, N-methylheteroporphyrins, N-methyloxybenziporphyrin, N-methyloxypyriporphyrin, N-methyltropiporphyrin, and a N-methylcarbaporphyrin aldehyde. meso-Unsubstituted heteroporphyrins have been little explored previously, and this strategy was also used to prepare N-unsubstituted 21-oxa-, 21-thia-, and 21-selenaporphyrins. In every case, the N-methylporphyrinoids exhibited weaker, bathochromically shifted UV-Vis absorptions compared to their core unsubstituted congeners. However, proton NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that these derivatives retained strong diamagnetic ring currents and the presence of the internal alkyl substituents had little effect on the global aromatic characteristics. Nevertheless, the UV-Vis spectra of N-methyl-oxybenzi- and N-methyl-oxypyriporphyrins were dramatically altered and gave greatly weakened absorptions. N-Methyl-oxybenzi- and N-methyltropiporphyrins reacted with palladium(II) acetate to give stable palladium(II) complexes, demonstrating that N-alkylation alters the metalation properties for these carbaporphyrinoids. The organometallic derivatives also retained strongly aromatic properties, and the proton NMR spectra showed the N-methyl resonances near -3 ppm. N-Methylcarbaporphyrin-2-carbaldehyde also gave a palladium(II) complex, but this gradually rearranged at higher temperatures to afford a C-methyl complex. The results demonstrate that core alkylation of porphyrinoids greatly alters the reactivity and spectroscopic properties for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa N Latham
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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6
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Tyulyaeva EY. Modern Approaches in the Synthesis of Noble Metal Porphyrins for Their Practical Application (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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7
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A Pincer Motif Etched into a meta-Benziporphyrin Frame. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Kumar A, Laxman K, Ravikanth M. Antiaromatic Carbaporphyrinoids: Fluorene as a Fused Motif toward the Synthesis of meso-Fused Heterobenziporphyrins. Org Lett 2019; 21:8726-8730. [PMID: 31618042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
meso-Tetraphenyl meta-benziporphyrins are nonaromatic macrocycles which can be changed to antiaromatic by fusing the core benzene ring with one of the adjacent meso-phenyl groups, as demonstrated here by adopting a premodification method. We used a fluorene moiety in place of the m-phenylene ring as a premodified fused aromatic motif to synthesize fused heterobenziporphyrins. Spectral and X-ray data indicated that the macrocycles are antiaromatic, which was supported by DFT, ACID, and NICS calculations. These macrocycles formed organopalladium complexes.
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Szyszko B, Matviyishyn M, Hirka S, Pacholska-Dudziak E, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. 28-Hetero-2,7-Naphthiporphyrins: Horizontal Expansion of the m-Benziporphyrin Macrocycle. Org Lett 2019; 21:7009-7014. [PMID: 31423794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the m-phenylene moiety of m-benziporphyrins with the 2,7-naphthalenyl subunit yielded 28-hetero-2,7-naphthiporphyrins-macrocycles that can be considered as expanded carbaporphyrinoids. This group retains some features of parent m-benziporphyrins, but due to larger size and different shape of the macrocyclic cavity, their coordination properties are different. Upon reduction and conformational rearrangement the 28-thia- and 28-selena-2,7-naphthiporphyrin form organophosphorus(V) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maksym Matviyishyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Serhii Hirka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Pacholska-Dudziak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Metal-Stabilized Quinoidal Dibenzo[g, p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole System. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7579-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Pokharel K, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Late transition metal complexes of oxypyriporphyrin and the platinum(II) complex of oxybenziporphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Even though oxypyriporphyrin, a pyridone-containing porphyrinoid system, has the equivalent coordination core to true porphyrins, its coordination chemistry has been little explored. In this study, the first examples of palladium(II), platinum(II) and silver(II) oxypyriporphyrins have been synthesized. Conventional conditions failed to result in the formation of a platinum(II) complex, but moderate yields were obtained when oxypyriporphyrin was reacted with platinum(II) chloride in refluxing mixtures of DMF and acetic acid containing potassium acetate. The palladium(II) and platinum(II) derivatives were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structurally analogous carbaporphyrinoid system oxybenziporphyrin was also shown to react with platinum(II) chloride under the same conditions to give a platinum(II) hydroxybenziporphyrin complex. Unlike oxybenziporphyrin, this complex is only weakly diatropic. In the presence of base, the diatropic character was reasserted to afford an aromatic anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Pokharel
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
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12
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Darrow WT, Lash TD. An alternative synthesis of benziporphyrins starting from isophthaloyl chloride. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An alternative route to benziporphyrins has been developed. Reaction of an [Formula: see text]-unsubstituted pyrrole ethyl ester with isophthaloyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride afforded a diketone that underwent selective reduction with diborane to give a benzitripyrrane. Cleavage of the ethyl esters with sodium hydroxide in refluxing ethylene glycol, followed by acid catalyzed condensation with a pyrrole dialdehyde and oxidation with DDQ, generated the targeted benziporphyrin product. Spectrophotometric titration of the benziporphyrin with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) demonstrated the sequential formation of mono- and dicationic species. At lower dilutions, the free base benziporphyrin showed unusually strong [Formula: see text] coupling between two adjacent methyl substituents, indicating that the connecting unit has substantial olefinic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T. Darrow
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, U.S.A
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, U.S.A
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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14
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Core chemistry and skeletal rearrangements of porphyrinoids and metalloporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3588-616. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin core alteration allows for the exploration of porphyrin-like or porphyrin-unlike coordination chemistry and provides an insight into reactions inside particularly shaped macrocyclic architecture including metal-mediated structural transformations.
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15
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Pincerlike Cyclic Systems for Unraveling Fundamental Coinage Metal Redox Processes. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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16
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Lash TD. Benziporphyrins, a unique platform for exploring the aromatic characteristics of porphyrinoid systems. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7846-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Benziporphyrins and related systems exhibit a wide range of properties and may possess nonaromatic, strongly aromatic or even antiaromatic characteristics.
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Fosu SC, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Synthesis and Metalation of Dimethoxybenziporphyrins, Thiabenziporphyrins, and Dibenziporphyrins. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11061-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502063w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy C. Fosu
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Relative stability of benziporphyrin and naphthiporphyrin tautomers and the emergence of macrocyclic diatropicity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8719-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformations and relative stabilities of a series of benziporphyrin and naphthiporphyrin tautomers were calculated and the diatropic properties of each of these species were assessed. The results were in good agreement with experimental observations and allow favorable delocalization pathways to be identified.
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Abstract
The aromatic nature of porphyrins is commonly attributed to the presence of an [18]annulene substructure. However, this viewpoint has been disputed. Drawing on a range of examples of carbaporphyrinoid systems from the author's own studies, the [18]annulene model is shown to be a self-consistent and insightful approach for considering the aromatic properties of these porphyrin analogs. Benziporphyrins provide a continuum of porphyrinoid structures that range from nonaromatic to highly aromatic species and the presence of 18π electron delocalization pathways provides an excellent explanation for the variations in their properties. The same type of analysis is applied to carbaporphyrins, tropiporphyrins, azuliporphyrins, N-confused porphyrins, pyrazoloporphyrins and dicarbaporphyrins. Nevertheless, these properties might also be explained by a 22π electron delocalization model proposed by Schleyer. The [18]annulene model gains further support from the properties of dideazaporphyrins which cannot take part in this type of 22π electron delocalization but nevertheless retain porphyrin-like aromatic properties. These results support the concept that porphyrins are bridged [18]annulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
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Lash TD, Lammer AD, Idate AS, Colby DA, White K. Preparation of Azulene-Derived Fulvenedialdehydes and Their Application to the Synthesis of Stable adj-Dicarbaporphyrinoids. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2368-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2026977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Aaron D. Lammer
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Aparna S. Idate
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Denise A. Colby
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Kristen White
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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Lash TD, Pokharel K, Zeller M, Ferrence GM. Iridium(iii) azuliporphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11793-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lash TD. Unexpected Alkyl Group Migration in Palladium(II) Benzocarbaporphyrins. Org Lett 2011; 13:4632-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2018483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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Lash TD, Miyake K, Xu L, Ferrence GM. Synthesis of a Series of Aromatic Benziporphyrins and Heteroanalogues via Tripyrrane-Like Intermediates Derived from Resorcinol and 2-Methylresorcinol. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6295-308. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Kae Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Jane M. Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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Jain P, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Preparation of Furan and Thiophene-Derived Fulvene Dialdehydes: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a 22-Oxa-21-carbaporphyrin and a Related Palladium(II) Organometallic Complex. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6563-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101310m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
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Barone N, Costa R, Sripothangnok S, Ziegler CJ. Dihydroxy- and Tetrahydroxydicarbahemiporphyrazine: Phthalocyanine Analogues with Phenol and Resorcinol Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Lash TD, Yant VR. Improved syntheses of meso-tetraarylbenziporphyrins and observations of substituent effects on the diatropic characteristics of these formally nonaromatic carbaporphyrinoids. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Preparation of stable fulvene and difulvene aldehydes from benzaldehydes and an indene-derived enamine: formation of novel indene-fused benzodiazepines and attempted syntheses of di- and tricarbaporphyrinoid systems. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Lash TD, Von Ruden AL. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Methyl and N-Phenyl meso-Unsubstituted N-Confused Porphyrins. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9417-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802040q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
| | - Amber L. Von Ruden
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
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31
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Lash TD. Recent Advances on the Synthesis and Chemistry of Carbaporphyrins and Related Porphyrinoid Systems. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790‐4160, U.S.A., Fax: +1‐309‐438‐5538
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El-Beck JA, Lash TD. Synthesis and Reactivity of 23-tert-Butyl- and 23-Phenyltetraarylazuliporphyrins: an Analysis of the Effect of Bulky Substituents on Oxidative Ring Contractions to Benzocarbaporphyrins. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lash TD, Pokharel K, Serling JM, Yant VR, Ferrence GM. Aromatic and Nonaromatic Pyriporphyrins. Org Lett 2007; 9:2863-6. [PMID: 17602489 DOI: 10.1021/ol071052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyriporphyrins with three different orientations for the pyridine moiety have been prepared using a '3 + 1' strategy. The nonaromatic pyriporphyrins are stable so long as phenyl substituents are present at the meso-positions adjacent to the pyridine ring. An aromatic dihydropyriporphyrin with an external CO2Ph protective group has also been prepared from 2,4-pyridinedicarbaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA.
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