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Yamamoto K, Suganomata Y, Inoue T, Kuriyama M, Demizu Y, Onomura O. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Desymmetrization of 2-Substituted 1,2,3-Triols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6479-6491. [PMID: 35468286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric oxidative desymmetrization of 2-substituted glycerols has been achieved by using a new chiral bisoxazoline ligand/copper catalyst system with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and MeOH. The present transformation smoothly proceeds with readily accessible 2-(hetero)aryl- and alkyl-substituted glycerols and provides straightforward access toward various glycerate derivatives in good to high yields with high enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of the present protocol was demonstrated by the transformation of the optically active glycerol into a glyceraldehyde derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yu Suganomata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takumi Inoue
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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2
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Yoshimura Y. Development of a Glycosylation Reaction: A Key to Accessing Structurally Unique Nucleosides. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-17-865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Batista D, Schwarz S, Loesche A, Csuk R, Costa PJ, Oliveira MC, Xavier NM. Synthesis of glucopyranos-6′-yl purine and pyrimidine isonucleosides as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. Access to pyrimidine-linked pseudodisaccharides through Mitsunobu reaction. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of new isonucleosides comprising purine and pyrimidine-derived systems linked to methyl glucopyranosidyl units at C-6 and evaluation of their cholinesterase inhibitory profiles is reported. Their access was based on the Mitsunobu coupling of partially acetylated and benzylated methyl glucopyranosides with purine and pyrimidine derivatives. While the reactions with purines and theobromine proceeded with complete regioselectivity, affording exclusively N9- or N1-linked 6′-isonucleosides, respectively, the use of pyrimidine nucleobases led to N1 and/or N3-glucopyranosid-6′-yl pyrimidines and/or to N1,N3/2-O,4-O-pyrimidine-linked pseudodisaccharides through bis-coupling, depending on the substitution pattern of the sugar precursor and on the nature of the nucleobase. From this series of compounds, four were shown to be effective and selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with inhibition constants in the micromolar concentration range. A tri-O-acetylated N1-glucopyranosid-6′-yl theobromine and a benzylated N1,N3-bis-glucopyranosid-6-yl thymine were the most active molecules with Ki values of 4 μM. A tri-O-benzylated glucopyranosid-6′-yl uracil displayed good and selective inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (Ki=8.4±1.0 μM), similar to that exhibited by the standard galantamine. Molecular docking simulations, performed with the two most effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed interactions with key amino acid residues located at the enzyme’s active site gorge, which explain the competitive component of their inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Batista
- 1Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- 2Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Loesche
- 2Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- 2Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paulo J. Costa
- 1Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- 3Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Xavier
- 1Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Toti K, Renders M, Groaz E, Herdewijn P, Van Calenbergh S. Nucleosides with Transposed Base or 4'-Hydroxymethyl Moieties and Their Corresponding Oligonucleotides. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13484-525. [PMID: 26655745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on 4'-hydroxymethyl- or nucleobase-transposed nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleoside phosphonates, their stereoisomers, and their close analogues. The biological activities of all known 4'-hydroxymethyl- or nucleobase-transposed nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleoside phosphonates as potential antiviral or anticancer agents are compiled. The routes that have been taken for the chemical synthesis of such nucleoside derivatives are described, with special attention to the innovative strategies. The enzymatic synthesis, base-pairing properties, structure, and stability of oligonucleotides containing nucleobase- or 4'-hydroxymethyl-transposed nucleotides are discussed. The use of oligonucleotides containing nucleobase- or 4'-hydroxymethyl-transposed nucleotides as small oligonucleotide (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus integrase) inhibitors, in applications such as antisense therapy, silencing RNA (siRNA), or aptamer selections, is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Toti
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Renders
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Construction of an isonucleoside on a 2,6-dioxobicyclo[3.2.0]-heptane skeleton. Molecules 2015; 20:4623-34. [PMID: 25774493 PMCID: PMC6272333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have built a new isonucleoside derivative on a 2,6-dioxobicyclo[3.2.0]heptane skeleton as a potential anti-HIV agent. To synthesize the target compound, an acetal-protected dihydroxyacetone was first converted to a 2,3-epoxy-tetrahydrofuran derivative. Introduction of an azide group, followed by the formation of an oxetane ring, gave a pseudosugar derivative with a 2,6-dioxobicyclo[3.2.0]heptane skeleton. The desired isonucleoside was obtained by constructing a purine base moiety on the scaffold, followed by amination.
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6
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Takahata H. [Synthetic medicinal chemistry of the biomolecular components mimics]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 133:575-85. [PMID: 23649398 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We are studying the medicinal synthetic chemistry of biomolecular component mimics such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, amino acids, and peptides. In this review, the synthesis and biological activities of iminosugars as carbohydrate mimics are discussed. Glycosidases and glycosyltransferases are involved in a wide range of anabolic and catabolic process, including digestion, the lysosomal catabolism of glycoconjugates, glycoprotein biosynthesis. Hence, modifying or blocking these processes in vivo using inhibitors is a topic of great interest from the therapeutic point of view. Iminosugars are sugars in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a basic nitrogen atom. They are regarded as transition state mimics in certain types of enzyme reactions. This makes the field of iminosugars as carbohydrate mimics an exciting area of research. We synthesized all of the stereoisomers of polyhydroxypiperidines such as fagomine, 1-deoxynojirimycine, and isofagomine. In addition, their both enantiomers, as substrates for a variety of glycosidases were evaluated. Secondly, the asymmetric synthesis of α-1-C-alkyl-arabinoiminofuranoses was achieved by asymmetric allylic alkylation, RCM, and Negishi cross coupling as key reactions. Surprisingly, the L-forms showed a quite potent inhibitory activity toward rat intestinal maltase, while the activities of the D-forms were much weaker. Some of the prepared L-forms showed potent inhibitory activities towards intestinal maltase, with IC₅₀ values comparable to those of commercial drugs such as acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol, which are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Among them, the inhibitory activity towards intestinal sucrase of α-1-C-L-butylarabinoiminofuranose was quite strong towards intestinal sucrase compared to the above commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University.
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7
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Kiran Y, Wakamatsu H, Natori Y, Takahata H, Yoshimura Y. Design and synthesis of a nucleoside and a phosphonate analogue constructed on a branched-threo-tetrofuranose skeleton. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Dénès F, Schiesser CH, Renaud P. Thiols, thioethers, and related compounds as sources of C-centred radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7900-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Ganesan M, Salunke RV, Singh N, Ramesh NG. Protecting group directed diversity during Mitsunobu cyclization of a carbohydrate derived diamino triol. Synthesis of novel bridged bicyclic and six-membered iminocyclitols. Org Biomol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Deoxygenation/dimerization of sugar derivatives with BF3·Et2O–Et3SiH: synthesis of a β-isonucleoside. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Yoshimura Y, Yamazaki Y, Saito Y, Natori Y, Imamichi T, Takahata H. Synthesis of 5-thiodidehydropyranylcytosine derivatives as potential anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3313-6. [PMID: 21524575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a part of our ongoing efforts to identify new anti-HIV agents, a 5'-thiopyrano-nucleoside derivative 4, designed based on 4'-thioD4C 1 and cyclohexenylnucleoside 3, was synthesized. The dihydrothiopyran skeleton of 4 was constructed by the ring closing metathesis of 21 which was synthesized from but-2-yne-1,4-diol. After converting the protecting group from MOM to TBS followed by oxidation, a Pummerer-type thioglycosylation reaction of 24 with persilylated uracil gave the desired 5-thiodihydrothiopyranyluracils 25 and 26 as a mixture of anomers. The conversion of 25 to a cytosine derivative and subsequent deprotection gave a 5-thiodidehydropyranosylcytosine derivative 4 in good yield. The anti-HIV activity of 4 was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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12
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Yamada K, Hayakawa H, Sakata S, Ashida N, Yoshimura Y. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of α-d-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-C-hydroxymethyl nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6013-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Yoshimura Y, Asami K, Imamichi T, Okuda T, Shiraki K, Takahata H. Design and Synthesis of Isonucleosides Constructed on a 2-Oxa-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane Scaffold. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4161-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100556u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshimura
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Asami
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc. Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tomoko Okuda
- Department of Virology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kimiyasu Shiraki
- Department of Virology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahata
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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14
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Swamy KCK, Kumar NNB, Balaraman E, Kumar KVPP. Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2551-651. [PMID: 19382806 DOI: 10.1021/cr800278z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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15
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Yoshimura Y, Takahata H. Development of Glycoside Bond Formation Reactions and Their Applications to the Synthesis of Novel Biologically Active Nucleosides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Diastereoselective addition of planar N-heterocycles to vinyl sulfone-modified carbohydrates: a new route to isonucleosides. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yoshimura Y, Ohta M, Imahori T, Imamichi T, Takahata H. A New Entry to Carbocyclic Nucleosides: Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Cycloalkenylsilanes with a Nucleobase Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagent. Org Lett 2008; 10:3449-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8012155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, and Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Masatoshi Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, and Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tatsushi Imahori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, and Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, and Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Hiroki Takahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, and Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
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18
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From cyclopentadiene to isoxazoline-carbocyclic nucleosides: a rapid access to biological molecules through aza-Diels–Alder reactions. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Beaver MG, Billings SB, Woerpel KA. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 2‐Phenylthio‐Substituted Carbohydrate Acetals and Related Systems: Episulfonium Ions vs. Oxocarbenium Ions as Reactive Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697‐2025, USA, Fax: +1‐949‐824‐9920
| | - Susan B. Billings
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697‐2025, USA, Fax: +1‐949‐824‐9920
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697‐2025, USA, Fax: +1‐949‐824‐9920
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20
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Yeom HS, Yoon SJ, Shin S. Au(I)-catalyzed tandem [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement–cycloisomerization cascade as a route to spirocyclic furans. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Yoshimura Y, Yamazaki Y, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takahata H. Design and synthesis of a novel ring-expanded 4′-thio-apio-nucleoside derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Tiecco M, Testaferri L, Marini F, Sternativo S, Santi C, Bagnoli L, Temperini A. Intramolecular addition of carbon radicals to aldehydes: synthesis of enantiopure tetrahydrofuran-3-ols. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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