1
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Aquilina JM, Banerjee A, Morais GN, Chen S, Smith MW. Total Synthesis of (-)-Rauvomine B via a Strain-Promoted Intramolecular Cyclopropanation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22047-22055. [PMID: 39042605 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
We describe the first total synthesis of the unusual cyclopropane-containing indole alkaloid (-)-rauvomine B via a strategy centered upon intramolecular cyclopropanation of a tetracyclic N-sulfonyltriazole. Preparation of this precursor evolved through two generations of synthesis, with the ultimately successful route involving a palladium-catalyzed stereospecific allylic amination, a cis-selective Pictet-Spengler reaction, and ring-closing metathesis as important bond-forming reactions. The key cyclopropanation step was found to be highly dependent on the structure and conformational strain of the indoloquinolizidine N-sulfonyltriazole precursor, the origins of which are explored computationally through DFT studies. Overall, our synthesis proceeds in 11 total steps and 2.4% yield from commercial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Aquilina
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Gabriel N Morais
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Myles W Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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2
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Nixarlidis C, Chisholm JD. DDQ catalyzed oxidative lactonization of indole-3-butyric acids. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24207-24211. [PMID: 39101068 PMCID: PMC11294987 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05265j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzylic C-H bonds next to electron rich aromatic rings are susceptible to 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) promoted functionalization. In this work benzylic carbocations formed in this manner are trapped by a pendant carboxylic acid to form a lactone. Indole-3-butyric acids are especially good substrates for the reaction. The lactonization functions well with catalytic amounts of DDQ combined with MnO2 as the stoichiometric oxidant. This cyclization proceeds with a number of indole-3-butyric acids, and yields were generally good as long as the indole was electron rich and free of bulky substituents near the reacting benzylic carbon. Indole-3-butyric acids functionalized with electron withdrawing groups tend to give more moderate yields. Other aromatic substrates also participate as long as the aromatic ring is functionalized with electron donating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Nixarlidis
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center for Science and Technology Syracuse NY 13244 USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University 1-014 Center for Science and Technology Syracuse NY 13244 USA
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3
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Zou H, Yan J, Zhang X, Wu X, Huo J, Xu Y, Xie W. Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Vellosimine Enabled by a Sequential Nucleophilic Addition/Cyclization Process. Org Lett 2023; 25:8215-8219. [PMID: 37955360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we achieved the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-vellosimine in 13 steps (longest linear sequences, LLS). This synthesis featured a sequential nucleophilic addition/cyclization process, which provided an efficient protocol for synthesizing a range of indole fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane. Additionally, a SmI2-mediated reductive cyclization of ketone with an attached α,β-unsaturated ester for constructing the strained quinuclidine moiety was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahang Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiyou Huo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanzhen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiqing Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Qiu H, Fei X, Yang J, Qiao Z, Yuan S, Zhang H, He L, Zhang M. A Bischler-Napieralski and homo-Mannich sequence enables diversified syntheses of sarpagine alkaloids and analogues. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5560. [PMID: 37689783 PMCID: PMC10492809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarpagine alkaloids offer signicant opportunities in drug discovery, yet the efficient total syntheses and diverse structural modifications of these natural products remain highly challenging due to the architectural complexity. Here we show a homo-Mannich reaction of cyclopropanol with imines generated via a Bischler-Napieralski reaction enables a protecting-group-free, redox economic, four-step access to the tetracyclic sarpagine core from L-tryptophan esters. Based on this advancement, diversified syntheses of sarpagine alkaloids and analogues are achieved in a short synthetic route. The systematic anticancer evaluation indicates that natural products vellosimine and Na-methyl vellosimine possess modest anticancer activity. Intensive structural optimization of these lead molecules and exploration of the structure-activity relationship lead to the identification of analogue 15ai with an allene unit showing a tenfold improvement in anticancer activities. Further mechanism studies indicate compound 15ai exertes antiproliferation effects by inducing ferroptosis, which is an appealing non-apoptotic cell death form that may provide new solutions in future cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xinghai Fei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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5
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Coon A, Musah RA. Investigation of Small-Molecule Constituents in Voacanga africana Seeds and Mapping of Their Spatial Distributions Using Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real-Time Imaging-Mass Spectrometry (LADI-MS). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27190-27205. [PMID: 37546641 PMCID: PMC10399170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds are a renewable resource that can furnish access to medicinal natural products that can only otherwise be isolated from aerial or root parts, the harvest of which may be destructive to the plant or threaten its viability. However, optimization of the isolation of such compounds from seeds would be greatly assisted if the spatial distribution of the molecules of interest within the plant tissue were known. For example, iboga alkaloids that hold promise for the treatment of opioid use disorder are typically isolated from the leaves, bark, or roots of Tabernanthe or Voacanga spp. trees, but it would be more environmentally sustainable to isolate such compounds from their seeds. Here, we leveraged the unique capabilities of the ambient mass spectral imaging technique termed laser ablation direct analysis in real-time imaging-mass spectrometry (LADI-MS) to reveal the spatial distributions of a range of molecules, including alkaloids within V. africana seeds. In addition to six compounds previously reported in these seeds, namely, tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and Δ14-vincamine, an additional 31 compounds were newly identified in V. africana seeds. The compound classes included alkaloids, terpenes, and fatty acids. The ion images showed that the fatty acids were localized in the embryo of the seed. The alkaloids, which were mainly localized in the seed endosperm, included strictamine, akuammidine, polyneruidine, vobasine, and Δ14-vincamine. This information can be exploited to enhance the efficiency of secondary metabolite isolation from V. africana seeds while eliminating the destruction of other plant parts.
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Zhu J, Zhang C, Liu L, Xue C, Cai Y, Liu XY, Xue F, Qin Y. Total Synthesis of Sarpagine Alkaloid (-)-Normacusine B. Org Lett 2022; 24:3515-3520. [PMID: 35544733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric total synthesis of the sarpagine alkaloid (-)-normacusine B is presented. Salient features of this synthesis include a photocatalytic nitrogen-centered radical cascade reaction to assemble the tetrahydrocarbolinone skeleton, a titanium-mediated intramolecular amide-alkene coupling to construct the bridged azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane moiety, and a nickel-catalyzed reductive Heck coupling to assemble the azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaoyun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yukun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Structure units oriented approach towards collective synthesis of sarpagine-ajmaline-koumine type alkaloids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:908. [PMID: 35177620 PMCID: PMC8854706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarpagine-Ajmaline-Koumine type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids represent a fascinating class of natural products with polycyclic and cage-like structures, interesting biological activities, and related biosynthetic origins. Herein we report a unified approach towards the asymmetric synthesis of these three types of alkaloids, leading to a collective synthesis of 14 natural alkaloids. Among them, akuammidine, 19-Z-akuammidine, vincamedine, vincarine, quebrachidine, vincamajine, alstiphylianine J, and dihydrokoumine are accomplished for the first time. Features of our synthesis are a new Mannich-type cyclization to construct the key indole-fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane common intermediate, a SmI2 mediated coupling to fuse the aza-bridged E-ring, stereoselective olefinations to install either the 19-E or 19-Z terminal alkenes presented in the natural alkaloids, and an efficient iodo-induced cyclization to establish the two vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers in the Koumine-type alkaloids.
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8
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Banerjee A, Panda G. Total synthesis of selected bioactive alkaloids, their structure–function relationships and molecular target interactions: A comparative synthetic analysis of tryptophan originated chiral pool approaches vs other synthons. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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9
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Tan Q, Yang Z, Jiang D, Cheng Y, Yang J, Xi S, Zhang M. Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization Cascade to Construct Bridged Skeletons: Total Synthesis of (−)‐Suaveoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Yuegang Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Song Xi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
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10
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Tan Q, Yang Z, Jiang D, Cheng Y, Yang J, Xi S, Zhang M. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization Cascade to Construct Bridged Skeletons: Total Synthesis of (-)-Suaveoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6420-6424. [PMID: 30835928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on the discovery of copper-catalyzed cyclopropanol ring-opening addition to iminium ions, an unprecedented catalytic aerobic C-H oxidation/cyclopropanol cyclization cascade using CuCl2 as the multifunctional catalyst and air as the oxidant was developed to construct the azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton, which is widespread in natural products and medicines. Using this method, concise asymmetric total synthesis of the indole alkaloid (-)-suaveoline was achieved. This study not only provides an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally benign method for constructing such bridged frameworks, but also enriches the realm of cyclopropanol chemistry and C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuegang Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Song Xi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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11
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Synthesis of Bisindole Alkaloids from the Apocynaceae Which Contain a Macroline or Sarpagine Unit: A Review. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111525. [PMID: 27854259 PMCID: PMC5214337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisindole natural products consist of two monomeric indole alkaloid units as their obligate constituents. Bisindoles are more potent with respect to their biological activity than their corresponding monomeric units. In addition, the synthesis of bisindoles are far more challenging than the synthesis of monomeric indole alkaloids. Herein is reviewed the enantiospecific total and partial synthesis of bisindole alkaloids isolated primarily from the Alstonia genus of the Apocynaceae family. The monomeric units belong to the sarpagine, ajmaline, macroline, vobasine, and pleiocarpamine series. An up-to-date discussion of their isolation, characterization, biological activity as well as approaches to their partial and total synthesis by means of both synthetic and biosynthetic strategies are presented.
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12
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Abstract
Reported herein is the total synthesis of calophyline A, an indoline natural product possessing distinct ring connectivity which has not been synthesized previously. The synthetic route features several key transformations, including an aza-pinacol rearrangement to construct the nitrogen-containing bridged [3.2.2] bicycle, a Heck cyclization to assemble the fused 6/5/6/5 ring system, and a challenging late-stage aldol reaction to generate both a neopentyl quaternary stereogenic center and an oxygen-containing bridged [3.2.1] bicycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoni Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoni Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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14
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Ahamada K, Benayad S, Poupon E, Evanno L. Polyneuridine aldehyde: structure, stability overviews and a plausible origin of flavopereirine. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Mailyan AK, Eickhoff JA, Minakova AS, Gu Z, Lu P, Zakarian A. Cutting-Edge and Time-Honored Strategies for Stereoselective Construction of C–N Bonds in Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4441-557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur K. Mailyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - John A. Eickhoff
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anastasiia S. Minakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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16
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Application of Corey–Bakshi–Shibata, Corey–Kim, Corey–Seebach, Corey–Winter, Corey–Link, and Corey–Ganem–Gilman in organic and total synthesis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Wu F, Kerčmar P, Zhang C, Stöckigt J. Sarpagan-Ajmalan-Type Indoles: Biosynthesis, Structural Biology, and Chemo-Enzymatic Significance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2015; 76:1-61. [PMID: 26827882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid ajmaline in the genus Rauvolfia, in particular Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz, is one of the few pathways that have been comprehensively uncovered. Every step in the progress of plant alkaloid biosynthesis research is due to the endeavors of several generations of scientists and the advancement of technologies. The tissue and cell suspension cultures developed in the 1970s by M.H. Zenk enabled the extraction of alkaloids and crude enzymes for use as experimental materials, thus establishing the foundation for further research on enzymatic reaction networks. In vivo NMR technology was first used in biosynthetic investigations in the 1990s following the invention of high-field cryo-NMR, which allowed the rapid and reliable detection of bioconversion processes within living plant cells. Shortly before, in 1988, a milestone was reached with the heterologous expression of the strictosidine synthase cDNA, which paved the way for the application of "reverse genetics" and "macromolecular crystallography." Both methods allowed the structural analysis of several Rauvolfia enzymes involved in ajmaline biosynthesis and expanded our knowledge of the enzyme mechanisms, substrate specificities, and structure-activity relationships. It also opened the door for rational enzyme engineering and metabolic steering. Today, the research focus of ajmaline biosynthesis is shifting from "delineation" to "utilization." The Pictet-Spenglerase strictosidine synthase, strictosidine glucosidase, together with raucaffricine glucosidase, as pioneers in this area, have become useful tools to generate "privileged structures" and "diversity oriented" syntheses, which may help to construct novel scaffolds and to set up libraries of sarpagan-ajmalan-type alkaloids in chemo-enzymatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Joachim Stöckigt
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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18
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Gillard RM, Sperry J. Synthesis of 2-(3'-Indolyl)tetrahydrofurans by oxidative cycloetherification. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2900-6. [PMID: 25679438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(3'-indolyl)tetrahydrofurans have been prepared by a DDQ-mediated oxidative cycloetherification process. Performing the reaction under biphasic conditions prevents reductive cleavage of the products by the spent oxidant (DDQH2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Gillard
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St., Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Rallapalli SK, Namjoshi OA, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Deschamps JR, Cook JM. Stereospecific total synthesis of the indole alkaloid ervincidine. Establishment of the C-6 hydroxyl stereochemistry. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3776-80. [PMID: 24697213 PMCID: PMC4017614 DOI: 10.1021/jo402692u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The
total synthesis of the indole alkaloid ervincidine (3) is reported. This research provides a general entry into C-6 hydroxy-substituted
indole alkaloids with either an α or a β configuration.
This study corrects the errors in Glasby’s book (GlasbyJ. S.Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids; Plenum Press: New York, 1975) and Lounasmaa et al.’s review
(LounasmaaM.; HanhinenP.; WestersundM. In The Alkaloids; CordellG. A., Ed.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1999; Vol. 52, pp 103–195) as well as clarifies the work
of Yunusov et al. (MalikovV. M.; SharipovM. R.; YunusovS. Yu.Khim. Prir. Soedin.1972, 8, 760−761. RakhimovD. A.; SharipovM. R.; AripovKh. N.; MalikovV. M.; ShakirovT. T.; YunusovS. Yu.Khim. Prir. Soedin.1970, 6, 724–725). It establishes the correct absolute configuration
of the C-6 hydroxyl function in ervincidine. This serves as a structure
proof and corrects the misassigned structure reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundari K Rallapalli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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Zhang BJ, Peng L, Wu ZK, Bao MF, Liu YP, Cheng GG, Luo XD, Cai XH. Indole alkaloids from leaves and twigs of Rauvolfia verticillata. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 24266393 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.858133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Seven new indole alkaloids, rauverines A-G (1-7), and 19 known indole alkaloids were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Rauvolfia verticillata. All compounds showed no cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, human myeloid leukemia (HL-60), hepatocellular carcinoma (SMMC-7721), lung cancer (A-549), breast cancer (MCF-7), and colon cancer (SW480) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , 650201 , China
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Mondal P, Argade NP. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Desbromoarborescidines A–C and the Formal Synthesis of (S)-Deplancheine. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6802-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401079v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravat Mondal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), Pune 411 008, India
| | - Narshinha P. Argade
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR), Pune 411 008, India
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Yin W, Kabir MS, Wang Z, Rallapalli SK, Ma J, Cook JM. Enantiospecific total synthesis of the important biogenetic intermediates along the ajmaline pathway, (+)-polyneuridine and (+)-polyneuridine aldehyde, as well as 16-epivellosimine and macusine A. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3339-49. [PMID: 20392128 DOI: 10.1021/jo100279w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first stereospecific synthesis of polyneuridine aldehyde (6), 16-epivellosimine (7), (+)-polyneuridine (8), and (+)-macusine A (9) has been accomplished from commercially available d-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester. d-(+)-Tryptophan has served here both as the chiral auxiliary and the starting material for the synthesis of the common intermediate, (+)-vellosimine (13). This alkaloid was available in enantiospecific fashion in seven reaction vessels in 27% overall yield from d-(+)-trytophan methyl ester (14) via a combination of the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction, Dieckmann cyclization, and a stereocontrolled intramolecular enolate-driven palladium-mediated cross-coupling reaction. A new process for this stereocontrolled intramolecular cross-coupling has been developed via a copper-mediated process. The initial results of this investigation indicated that an enolate-driven palladium-mediated cross-coupling reaction can be accomplished by a copper-mediated process which is less expensive and much easier to work up. An enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-polyneuridine aldehyde (6), which has been proposed as an important biogenetic intermediate in the biosynthesis of quebrachidine (2), was then accomplished in an overall yield of 14.1% in 13 reaction vessels from d-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester (14). Aldehyde 13 was protected as the N(a)-Boc aldehyde 32 and then converted into the prochiral C(16)-quaternary diol 12 via the practical Tollens' reaction and deprotection. The DDQ-mediated oxidative cyclization and TFA/Et(3)SiH reductive cleavage served as protection/deprotection steps to provide a versatile entry into the three alkaloids polyneuridine aldehyde (6), polyneuridine (8), and macusine A (9) from the quarternary diol 12. The oxidation of the 16-hydroxymethyl group present in the axial position was achieved with the Corey-Kim reagent to provide the desired beta-axial aldehydes, polyneuridine aldehyde (6), and 16-epivellosimine (7) with 100% diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Yin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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Chapter 5.2: Five-membered ring systems: pyrroles and benzo analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ishikura M, Yamada K. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:803-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b820693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Edwankar CR, Edwankar RV, Rallapalli S, Cook JM. General Approach to the Total Synthesis of Macroline-Related Sarpagine and Ajmaline Alkaloids 1. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800301114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Described in this review is a general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of macroline-related sarpagine and ajmaline alkaloids. The tetracyclic ketone in the parent system, as well as the alkoxy substituted series served as templates for the synthesis of these complex molecules. The palladium-mediated enolate cross coupling process, regiospecific hydroboration, and Tollens reaction are some of the key transformations that have been employed for further functionalization of these templates. Synthetic routes that have been improved, in order to obtain gram quantities of these alkaloids form a part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra R. Edwankar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Rahul V. Edwankar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Sundari Rallapalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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