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Niu C, Yin ZC, Wang WF, Huang X, Zhou DB, Wang GW. Retro Baeyer–Villiger reaction: thermal conversion of the [60]fullerene-fused lactones to ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3685-3688. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00126h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of the [60]fullerene-fused lactones to ketones with triflic anhydride as an unusual reductant under aerobic conditions has been achieved in excellent yields. The present thermal retro Baeyer–Villiger reaction...
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2
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Liu TX, Zhang C, Zhang P, Wang X, Ma J, Zhang G. Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative [2 + 3] cyclocarbonylation reactions of [60]fullerene: selective synthesis of [60]fullerene-fused 3-vinylcyclopentan-4-ones and cyclopentane-4-carbaldehydes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative strategy has been developed toward direct cyclocarbonylation of [60]fullerene, selectively furnishing novel [60]fullerene-fused 3-vinylcyclopentan-4-ones and cyclopentane-4-carbaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Pengling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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3
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Chen S, Yang WW, Hou HL, Li ZJ, Gao X. Reactions of [60]Fullerene with Acetone under Basic Condition: Nucleophilic Ring Opening of the [5,6]-Cyclopropane in C 60 and Formation of the Substituted Methano[60]Fulleroids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4843-4848. [PMID: 33630594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of C60 with acetone were carried out under basic condition in the presence of 1.0 M TBAOH (tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide) methanol solution and ArCH2Br (Ar = Ph or o-BrPh), where methano[60]fulleroids with a novel 1,1,4,9,9,25-configuration were obtained and structurally characterized by single crystal diffraction. The product was formed via the ring-opening reaction of the [5,6]-cyclopropane by the nucleophilic addition of MeO-, which is different from the reactions of other ketones reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hui-Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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4
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Mi Y, Yao J, Ma J, Dai L, Xiao C, Wu W, Yang C. Fulleropillar[4]arene: The Synthesis and Complexation Properties. Org Lett 2020; 22:2118-2123. [PMID: 31976675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A multihydroquinone ether dialdehyde derivative 2 was incidentally obtained through an unexpected ring opening of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone 1. And the Prato reaction of 2 with [60]fullerene led to [60]fullerene bisadducts, from which trans-4 cyclic regioisomer 3 was isolated and characterized. The fulleropillar[4]arene 3 showed a larger cavity and can accommodate a viologen derivative C12V2+ with a much stronger affinity than permethyl pillar[5]arene (MP5) and pillar[4]arene[1]quinone 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiabin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
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5
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Campbell JM, Lee M, Clawson J, Kennedy-Gabb S, Bethune S, Janiga A, Kindon L, Leach KP. The Degradation Chemistry of GSK2879552: Salt Selection and Microenvironmental pH Modulation to Stabilize a Cyclopropyl Amine. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2858-2864. [PMID: 31054890 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopropyl amine moiety in GSK2879552 (1) degrades hydrolytically in high pH conditions. This degradation pathway was observed during long-term stability studies and impacted the shelf life of the drug product. This article describes the work to identify the degradation impurities, elucidate the degradation mechanism, and design a stable drug product. It was found that salt selection and control of the microenvironmental pH of the drug product formulation blend significantly improved the chemical stability of the molecule in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Campbell
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426.
| | - Mei Lee
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Jacalyn Clawson
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Sonya Kennedy-Gabb
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Sarah Bethune
- Drug Product Design and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Ashley Janiga
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Leanda Kindon
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Kevin P Leach
- Analytical Sciences and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426
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6
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Hu B, Liu TX, Zhang P, Liu Q, Bi J, Shi L, Zhang Z, Zhang G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Umpolung in Fullerene Chemistry: Construction of [60]Fullerene-Fused Cyclopentan-1-ones and Cyclohex-2-en-1-ones. Org Lett 2018; 20:4801-4805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Pengling Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jingjing Bi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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7
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Lin HS, Matsuo Y, Wang JJ, Wang GW. Regioselective acylation and carboxylation of [60]fulleroindoline via electrochemical synthesis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective and highly efficient electrochemical method for direct acylation and carboxylation of a [60]fulleroindoline, affording 1,2,3,16-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives, regioselectively, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Sheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- and Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
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8
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A computational study on the surface modification of BN nanocluster by para-substituted styrene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Infante R, Nieto J, Andrés C. Tandem diastereo- and enantioselective preparation of aryl and alkyl cyclopropyl carbinols with three adjacent stereocenters using perhydrobenzoxazines and diethylzinc. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:345-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Nomura K, Matsubara S. A New Zincate-Mediated Rearrangement Reaction of 2-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)-1-alkylcyclopropanol. Chemistry 2010; 16:703-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Matsuo K, Matsuo Y, Iwashita A, Nakamura E. Synthesis of Imino[60]fullerenes Using Nitriles and Trimethylsilylmethyl Triflate. Org Lett 2009; 11:4192-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwashita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Tzirakis MD, Alberti MN, Nye LC, Drewello T, Orfanopoulos M. One-step Synthesis of Fullerene Hydride C60H2 via Hydrolysis of Acylated Fullerenes. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5746-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis D. Tzirakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariza N. Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Leanne C. Nye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Michael Orfanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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13
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Tzirakis MD, Orfanopoulos M. Acyl radical reactions in fullerene chemistry: direct acylation of [60]fullerene through an efficient decatungstate-photomediated approach. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4063-9. [PMID: 19292491 DOI: 10.1021/ja808658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and highly efficient photochemical methodology for the direct acylation of C(60) has been developed. This approach utilizes a wide variety of acyl radicals derived from aldehydes through a hydrogen atom abstraction process mediated by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate [(n-Bu(4)N)(4)W(10)O(32)]. The single addition reaction of these acyl radicals to [60]fullerene proceeded selectively to afford a novel class of previously unexplored fullerene-based materials. Product analysis of this reaction showed that decarbonylation and acylation pathways compete when a tertiary or phenylacetyl aldehyde is the starting material. However, a decrease of the reaction temperature was found to be effective in overcoming the decarbonylation encountered in certain acyl radical additions to C(60); the carbonyl radical addition precedes decarbonylation even in the cases where the decarbonylation rate constant exceeds 10(6) s(-1) (i.e., phenylacetaldehyde). The regiochemistry of the t-butyl radical addition was also found to be thermally controlled. The present methodology is directly applicable even in the cases of the cyclopropyl-substituted aldehydes, where rapid rearrangement of the cyclopropyl acyl radical intermediate can potentially occur. A mechanistic approach for this new reactivity of C(60) has been also provided, based mainly on intra- and intermolecular deuterium isotope effect studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis D Tzirakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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14
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Wang GW, Lu YM, Chen ZX, Wu SH. An Alternative Type of Fullerene Products from the Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Alkoxides and Subsequent Derivatization. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4841-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Hui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Kokubo K, Tochika S, Kato M, Sol Y, Oshima T. AlCl3-Catalyzed Tandem Acetylation of Hydroarylated [60]Fullerenes. Org Lett 2008; 10:3335-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801239y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kokubo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Tochika
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mai Kato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Sol
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takumi Oshima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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