1
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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2
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Wu Y, Hu C, Wang T, Eberle L, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Reaction of Anthranils with Alkynyl Sulfones for the Regioselective Formation of 3‐Hydroxyquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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3
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Hess A, Prohaska JP, Doerrich SB, Trauner F, Lutter FH, Lemaire S, Wagschal S, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Directed regioselective ortho, ortho'-magnesiations of aromatics and heterocycles using sBu 2Mg in toluene. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8424-8429. [PMID: 34221323 PMCID: PMC8221067 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl azoles are ubiquitous as bioactive compounds and their regioselective functionalization is of utmost synthetic importance. Here, we report the development of a toluene-soluble dialkylmagnesium base sBu2Mg. This new reagent allows mild and regioselective ortho-magnesiations of various N-arylated pyrazoles and 1,2,3-triazoles as well as arenes bearing oxazoline, phosphorodiamidate or amide directing groups. The resulting diarylmagnesium reagents were further functionalized either by Pd-catalyzed arylation or by trapping reactions with a broad range of electrophiles (aldehydes, ketones, allylic halides, acyl chlorides, Weinreb amides, aryl halides, hydroxylamine benzoates, terminal alkynes). Furthermore, several double ortho,ortho'-magnesiations were realized in the case of aryl oxazolines, N-aryl pyrazoles as well as 2-aryl-2H-1,2,3-triazoles by simply repeating the magnesiation/electrophile trapping sequence allowing the preparation of valuable 1,2,3-functionalized arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Jan P Prohaska
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Sabrina B Doerrich
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Florian Trauner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Ferdinand H Lutter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Sébastien Lemaire
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Chemical Process Research & Development Turnhoutseweg 30 B-2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Simon Wagschal
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Chemical Process Research & Development Hochstrasse 201 8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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4
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Ronzon Q, Zhang W, Casaretto N, Mouray E, Florent I, Nay B. Programmed Multiple C-H Bond Functionalization of the Privileged 4-hydroxyquinoline Template. Chemistry 2021; 27:7764-7772. [PMID: 33848033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of substituents on bare heterocyclic scaffolds can selectively be achieved by directed C-H functionalization. However, such methods have only occasionally been used, in an iterative manner, to decorate various positions of a medicinal scaffold to build chemical libraries. We herein report the multiple, site selective, metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of a "programmed" 4-hydroxyquinoline. This medicinally privileged template indeed possesses multiple reactive sites for diversity-oriented functionalization, of which four were targeted. The C-2 and C-8 decorations were directed by an N-oxide, before taking benefit of an O-carbamoyl protection at C-4 to perform a Fries rearrangement and install a carboxamide at C-3. This also released the carbonyl group of 4-quinolones, the ultimate directing group to functionalize position 5. Our study highlights the power of multiple C-H functionalization to generate diversity in a biologically relevant library, after showing its strong antimalarial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Ronzon
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Casaretto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Mouray
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR7245) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Florent
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR7245) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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5
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Alessi M, Patel JJ, Zumbansen K, Snieckus V. The Tetraethylphosphorodiamidate (OP(O)(NEt2)2) Directed Metalation Group (DMG). Directed ortho and Lateral Metalation and the Phospha Anionic Fries Rearrangement. Org Lett 2020; 22:2147-2151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Alessi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON Canada
| | - Jignesh J. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON Canada
| | - Kristina Zumbansen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON Canada
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6
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Balkenhohl M, Heinz B, Abegg T, Knochel P. Amination of Phosphorodiamidate-Substituted Pyridines and Related N-Heterocycles with Magnesium Amides. Org Lett 2018; 20:8057-8060. [PMID: 30511876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The amination of various phosphorodiamidate-substituted pyridines, quinolines, and quinoxaline with magnesium amides R2NMgCl·LiCl proceeds at room temperature within 8 h. Several pharmaceutically active amines were suitable substrates for this amination procedure, and also the antihistaminic tripelennamine was prepared. Additionally, several heterocyclic phosphorodiamidates underwent directed ortho-metalation (D oM) using TMPMgCl·LiCl (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) or TMP2Mg·2LiCl, followed by electrophilic functionalization prior to the amination step, which led to ortho-functionalized aminated N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Balkenhohl
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Benjamin Heinz
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Thomas Abegg
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F , 81377 Munich , Germany
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7
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Awasthi AK, Kumar B, Aga MA, Basha ST, Reddy CS, Kumar P. An Efficient, Facile Synthesis of Etoricoxib Substantially Free from Impurities: Isolation, Characterization and Synthesis of Novel Impurity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre; Micro Labs Ltd.; #43-45, KIADB, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk Bangalore- 560105, Karnataka India
- Department of chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre; Micro Labs Ltd.; #43-45, KIADB, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk Bangalore- 560105, Karnataka India
| | - Mushtaq A. Aga
- Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre; Micro Labs Ltd.; #43-45, KIADB, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk Bangalore- 560105, Karnataka India
| | - Shaik Thaslim Basha
- Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre; Micro Labs Ltd.; #43-45, KIADB, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk Bangalore- 560105, Karnataka India
| | - Cirandur Suresh Reddy
- Department of chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre; Micro Labs Ltd.; #43-45, KIADB, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk Bangalore- 560105, Karnataka India
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8
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Abstract
Azines, which are six-membered aromatic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms, serve as ubiquitous structural cores of aromatic species with important applications in biological and materials sciences. Among a variety of synthetic approaches toward azines, C-H functionalization represents the most rapid and atom-economical transformation, and it is advantageous for the late-stage functionalization of azine-containing functional molecules. Since azines have several C-H bonds with different reactivities, the development of new reactions that allow for the functionalization of azines in a regioselective fashion has comprised a central issue. This review describes recent advances in the C-H functionalization of azines categorized as follows: (1) SNAr reactions, (2) radical reactions, (3) deprotonation/functionalization, and (4) metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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9
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Boga SB, Christensen M, Perrotto N, Krska SW, Dreher S, Tudge MT, Ashley ER, Poirier M, Reibarkh M, Liu Y, Streckfuss E, Campeau LC, Ruck RT, Davies IW, Vachal P. Selective functionalization of complex heterocycles via an automated strong base screening platform. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An automated high throughput screening approach to optimizing strong base-mediated metalations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Perrotto
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Spencer Dreher
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Matthew T. Tudge
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Eric R. Ashley
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Eric Streckfuss
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | | | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Ian W. Davies
- Department of Process Research & Development
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Petr Vachal
- Department of Discovery Chemistry
- MRL
- Merck & Co., Inc
- Rahway
- USA
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10
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Nafe J, Herbert S, Auras F, Karaghiosoff K, Bein T, Knochel P. Functionalization of Quinoxalines by Using TMP Bases: Preparation of Tetracyclic Heterocycles with High Photoluminescene Quantum Yields. Chemistry 2014; 21:1102-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Klatt T, Markiewicz JT, Sämann C, Knochel P. Strategies To Prepare and Use Functionalized Organometallic Reagents. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4253-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klatt
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse
5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - John T. Markiewicz
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse
5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Christoph Sämann
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse
5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department
Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse
5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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12
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Marquise N, Bretel G, Lassagne F, Chevallier F, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Halauko YS, Ivashkevich OA, Matulis VE, Gros PC, Mongin F. Deproto-metallation using mixed lithium–zinc and lithium–copper bases and computed CH acidity of 2-substituted quinolines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02583k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The metallated quinolines were functionalized by iodolysis or aroylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Marquise
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- Bâtiment 10A, Case 1003
| | - Guillaume Bretel
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- Bâtiment 10A, Case 1003
| | - Frédéric Lassagne
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- Bâtiment 10A, Case 1003
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- Bâtiment 10A, Case 1003
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de DIFfractométrie X
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Centre de DIFfractométrie X
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Vadim E. Matulis
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Problems of Belarusian State University
- Minsk, Belarus
| | - Philippe C. Gros
- HECRIN
- SRSMC
- Université de Lorraine-CNRS
- Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 Université de Rennes 1
- CNRS
- Bâtiment 10A, Case 1003
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13
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Martínez-Martínez AJ, Armstrong DR, Conway B, Fleming BJ, Klett J, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD, O'Hara CT. Pre-inverse-crowns: synthetic, structural and reactivity studies of alkali metal magnesiates primed for inverse crown formation. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and reactivity of donor-free sodium and potassium magnesiates are assessed culminating in the unique 1,4-dimetallation of naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - B. Conway
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - B. J. Fleming
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Klett
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - A. R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - R. E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - S. D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
| | - C. T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow, UK
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14
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.265 pmid: 24204439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring. The reported examples are based on the top retailing drug molecules combining synthetic information from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature. It is hoped that this compilation, in combination with the previously published review on five-membered rings, will form a comprehensive foundation and reference source for individuals interested in medicinal, synthetic and preparative chemistry.
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15
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2265-319. [PMID: 24204439 PMCID: PMC3817479 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring. The reported examples are based on the top retailing drug molecules combining synthetic information from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature. It is hoped that this compilation, in combination with the previously published review on five-membered rings, will form a comprehensive foundation and reference source for individuals interested in medicinal, synthetic and preparative chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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16
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Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
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17
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Filace F, Sucunza D, Izquierdo ML, Burgos C, Alvarez-Builla J. A facile synthesis of 3,5-halo and aryl 1H-pyridin-2-ones from pyridinium N-(pyridin-2-yl)aminide. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Yamamoto K, Shibata Y, Kashiwa Y, Kondo A, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. C–H Metalation Reaction of Diarylamine and Carbazole by Alkylaluminum Complexes at the Heteroatom‐Bridged Dimeric Aluminum Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Yuki Kashiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Ai Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‐8531, Japan, Fax: +81‐6‐6850‐6245, http://www.organomet.chem.es.osaka‐u.ac.jp/
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Monzón G, Tirotta I, Knochel P. The orthoandmetaMagnesiation of Functionalized Anilines and Amino-Substituted Pyridines and Pyrazines at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10624-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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ortho- undmeta-Magnesierung von funktionalisierten Anilinen und aminosubstituierten Pyridinen und Pyrazinen bei Raumtemperatur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Fleming BJ, García-Álvarez P, Keating E, Kennedy AR, O′Hara CT. Synthesis and structural elucidation of a rare example of a tris(amido) potassium magnesiate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chapuis H, Kubelka T, Joubert N, Pohl R, Hocek M. Synthesis of 6-Substituted 2(1H)-Pyridon-3-yl C-2′-Deoxyribonucleosides. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Plé N, Fruit C. Metalation of Pyrazine and Quinoxaline. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2012_95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Haag B, Mosrin M, Ila H, Malakhov V, Knochel P. Regio- and Chemoselective Metalation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Using Hindered Metal Amide Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9794-824. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Haag B, Mosrin M, Ila H, Malakhov V, Knochel P. Regio- und chemoselektive Metallierung von Arenen und Heteroarenen mit gehinderten Metallamidbasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Verhelst T, Maes J, Liu Z, Sergeyev S, Maes BUW. Synthesis of functionalized pyridazin-3(2H)-ones via selective bromine-magnesium exchange and lactam directed ortho C-H magnesiation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6670-7. [PMID: 21732644 DOI: 10.1021/jo201009m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective bromine-magnesium exchange on 2-benzyl-5-bromo-4-methoxypyridazin-3(2H)-one could be achieved when MesMgBr was used as reagent. With more nucleophilic RMgCl species (R = Bu, i-Pr, Ph) both nucleophilic addition-elimination at C-4 and bromine-magnesium exchange at C-5 occurred. In 2-benzyl-5-bromopyridazin-3(2H)-one, which does not contain a substituent at C-4, addition could not be suppressed. Less nucleophilic Mg amides (TMPMgCl·LiCl) allowed regioselective C-H magnesiation at the C-4 position in such substrates, as exemplified for 2-benzyl-5-chloro- and 2-benzyl-6-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one. Quenching of the magnesiated pyridazinones with electrophiles gives access to a variety of hitherto unknown pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Verhelst
- Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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27
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Duez S, Steib AK, Manolikakes SM, Knochel P. Lewis acid promoted benzylic cross-couplings of pyridines with aryl bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7686-90. [PMID: 21721092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Duez
- Department Chemie, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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Duez S, Steib AK, Manolikakes SM, Knochel P. Lewis-Säure-vermittelte benzylische Kreuzkupplungen von Pyridinen mit Arylbromiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Mulvey RE, Armstrong DR, Conway B, Crosbie E, Kennedy AR, Robertson SD. Structurally Powered Synergic 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Bimetallics: New Reflections through Lithium-Mediated Ortho Aluminations. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12241-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - David R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Ben Conway
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Elaine Crosbie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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30
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Duez S, Bernhardt S, Heppekausen J, Fleming FF, Knochel P. Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Nitriles and Esters and γ-Arylation of Unsaturated Nitriles with TMPZnCl·LiCl. Org Lett 2011; 13:1690-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200194y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Duez
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Sebastian Bernhardt
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Johannes Heppekausen
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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31
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Bresser T, Monzon G, Mosrin M, Knochel P. Scaleable Preparation of Sensitive Functionalized Aromatics and Heteroaromatics via Directed Metalation Using tmpZnCl·LiCl. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op1001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomke Bresser
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Gabriel Monzon
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Marc Mosrin
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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32
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Bresser T, Mosrin M, Monzon G, Knochel P. Regio- and Chemoselective Zincation of Sensitive and Moderately Activated Aromatics and Heteroaromatics Using TMPZnCl·LiCl. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4686-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100884u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomke Bresser
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Marc Mosrin
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Gabriel Monzon
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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33
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Piller FM, Bresser T, Fischer MKR, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Cyclic Enol Phosphates by Halogen−Magnesium Exchange and Directed Deprotonation Reactions. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4365-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Piller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Tomke Bresser
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Markus K. R. Fischer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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