1
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Della Sala P, Calice U, Iuliano V, Geremia S, Hickey N, Belviso S, Summa FF, Monaco G, Gaeta C, Superchi S. Chirality Sensing of Cryptochiral Guests with Prism[n]arenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401625. [PMID: 38717117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Optical chirality sensing has gained significant attention in recent years. Within this field, the quest for stereodynamic chiroptical probes capable of detecting cryptochiral guests presents a formidable challenge. Macrocycles exhibiting planar chirality have emerged as promising candidates for amplifying the chirality of cryptochiral guests. In this study, we demonstrate that the formation of host-guest complexes between cryptochiral molecules and planar chiral prismarenes triggers electronic circular dichroism (ECD) signals via host-guest complexation-induced chirality amplification. The absolute configuration of the most stable chiral macrocyclic host-guest complex has been established by resorting to both exciton model and DFT computations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this supramolecular chirality sensing system can be employed to determine the enantiomeric composition of scalemic mixtures by measuring the ECD bands intensity. The information described here opens the way for the use of prismarenes as stereodynamic probes for sensing of cryptochiral guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Umberto Calice
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandra Belviso
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco F Summa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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2
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Zhang G, Cheng C, Li Z, Zhao D, Han C. Charge-transfer inclusion complex formation of the tropylium cation with prism[6]arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3611-3614. [PMID: 38630011 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report that prism[6]arenes (PrS[6]R) can form charge-transfer (CT) inclusion complexes with tropylium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]borate (G) in chloroform solution with an obvious CT band at 560 nm. Moreover, the CT complex PrS[6]Et⊃G showed Cl-/Ag+ responsiveness which can be easily monitored by the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Channi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengxiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Dezhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyou Han
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
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3
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Tseng IC, Zhang MX, Kang SL, Chiu SH. An Anion-Switchable Dual-Function Rotaxane Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309889. [PMID: 37670563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ switching of the associated anions of a rotaxane catalyst between Cl- and TFPB- exposes its dialkylammonium and imidazolium stations, respectively, thereby selectively catalyzing the reactions of a mixture of trans-cinnamaldehyde and an aliphatic thiol to yield the Michael adduct and the thioacetal product, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Iuliano V, Talotta C, Della Sala P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Neri P, Gaeta C. Hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene, a Conformationally Adaptive Host for the Complexation of Linear and Branched Alkylammonium Guests. Molecules 2023; 28:4749. [PMID: 37375304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 2b leads to the endo-cavity complexation of linear and branched alkylammonium guests showing a conformational adaptive behavior in CDCl3 solution. Linear n-pentylammonium guest 6a+ induces the cone conformation of 2b at the expense of the 1,2,3-alternate, which is the most abundant conformer of 2b in the absence of a guest. In a different way, branched alkylammonium guests, such as tert-butylammonium 6b+ and isopropylammonium 6c+, select the 1,2,3-alternate as the favored 2b conformation (6b+/6c+⊂2b1,2,3-alt), but other complexes in which 2b adopts different conformations, namely, 6b+/6c+⊂2bcone, 6b+/6c+⊂2bpaco, and 6b+/6c+⊂2b1,2-alt, have also been revealed. Binding constant values determined via NMR experiments indicated that the 1,2,3-alternate was the best-fitting 2b conformation for the complexation of branched alkylammonium guests, followed by cone > paco > 1,2-alt. Our NCI and NBO calculations suggest that the H-bonding interactions (+N-H···O) between the ammonium group of the guest and the oxygen atoms of calixarene 2b are the main determinants of the stability order of the four complexes. These interactions are weakened by increasing the guest steric encumbrance, thus leading to a lower binding affinity. Two stabilizing H-bonds are possible with the 1,2,3-alt- and cone-2b conformations, whereas only one H-bond is possible with the other paco- and 1,2-alt-2b stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
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5
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Della Sala P, Del Regno R, Capobianco A, Iuliano V, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Confused-Prism[5]arene: a Conformationally Adaptive Host by Stereoselective Opening of the 1,4-Bridged Naphthalene Flap. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203030. [PMID: 36317818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The confused-prism[5]arene macrocycle (c-PrS[5]Me ) shows conformational adaptive behavior in the presence of ammonium guests. Upon guest inclusion, the 1,4-bridged naphthalene flap reverses its planar chirality from pS to pR (with reference to the pS(pR)4 enantiomer). Stereoselective directional threading is also observed in the presence of directional axles, in which up/down stereoisomers of homochiral (pR)5 -c-PrS[5]Me pseudorotaxanes are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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6
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Liang X, Shen Y, Zhou D, Ji J, Wang H, Zhao T, Mori T, Wu W, Yang C. Chiroptical induction with prism[5]arene alkoxy-homologs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13584-13587. [PMID: 36416482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of prism[5]arenes with amino acid derivatives showed association constants of up to 107 M-1, significant CD with gabs of up to 0.8 × 10-2 and CPL with glum of 2 × 10-3. The absolute configuration-CD signal correlation was established. The CD spectra varied significantly with the substituents on the prism[5]arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yanling Shen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Dayang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIR, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Jiecheng Ji
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Comprehensive Analysis Center, ISIR, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Wanhua Wu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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7
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Carpentier R, Lambert S, Brunetti E, Jabin I, Bartik K. Specific Binding of Primary Ammoniums in Aqueous Media by Homooxacalixarenes Incorporated into Micelles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12749-12758. [PMID: 36149399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial receptors for efficient recognition of analytes in water is a challenging task. Homooxacalix[3]arene-based receptor 1, which is selective toward primary ammoniums in organic solvents, was transferred into water following two different strategies: direct solubilization and micellar incorporation. Extensive 1H NMR studies showed that recognition of ammoniums is only observed in the case of micellar incorporation, highlighting the beneficial effect of the microenvironment of the micellar core. The selectivity of the system for primary ammoniums over secondary and tertiary ones was also maintained. The hydrophobic effect plays an important role in the recognition properties, which are counterion-dependent due to the energy penalty for the dissociation of certain ammonium salts in the apolar micellar core. This study shows that the straightforward self-assembly process used for the encapsulation of artificial receptors in micelles is an efficient strategy for developing water-soluble nanosized supramolecular recognition systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Carpentier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Lambert
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilio Brunetti
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristin Bartik
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim-Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204589. [PMID: 35451151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A "rim-differentiated" pillar[6]arene (RD-P[6]) was obtained successfully, with the assistance of a dimeric silver trifluoroacetate template, among eight different constitutional isomers in a direct and regioselective manner. The solid-state conformation of this macrocycle could switch from the 1,3,5-alternate to a truly rim-differentiated one upon guest inclusion. This highly symmetric RD-P[6] not only hosts metal-containing molecules inside its cavity, but also can form a pillar[6]arene-C60 adduct through co-crystallization on account of donor-acceptor interactions. The development of synthetic strategies to desymmetrize pillararenes offers new opportunities for engineering complex molecular architectures and organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wangjian Fang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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9
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim‐Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | | | - Wangjian Fang
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CHINA
| | - Rong Chang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiong Xu
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Yan Gao
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Minjie Guo
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CHINA
| | - Han Zuilhof
- WUR: Wageningen University & Research Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Andrew Chi-Hau Sue
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 422 Siming S. Rd.Siming Dist. 361005 Xiamen CHINA
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10
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Rispoli F, Spatola E, Del Giudice D, Cacciapaglia R, Casnati A, Baldini L, Di Stefano S. Temporal Control of the Host-Guest Properties of a Calix[6]arene Receptor by the Use of a Chemical Fuel. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3623-3629. [PMID: 35196018 PMCID: PMC8902750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The host–guest
interaction of a 1,3,5-trisaminocalix[6]arene
receptor with N-methylisoquinolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate
(Kass of 500 ± 30 M–1 in CD2Cl2) can be dissipatively driven by
means of 2-cyano-2-(4′-chloro)phenylpropanoic acid used as
a convenient chemical fuel. When the fuel is added to a dichloromethane
solution containing the above complex, the host is induced to immediately
release the guest in the bulk solution. Consumption of the fuel allows
the guest to be re-uptaken by the host. The operation can be satisfactorily
reiterated with four subsequent additions of fuel, producing four
successive release–reuptake cycles. The percentage of the guest
temporarily released in the bulk solution by the host and the time
required for the reuptake process can be finely regulated by varying
the quantities of added fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rispoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
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11
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Talotta C, Concilio G, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Rescifina A, Ballester P, Neri P. Expanding Coefficient: A Parameter To Assess the Stability of Induced-Fit Complexes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1804-1808. [PMID: 33591765 PMCID: PMC8028309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose a new parameter, the Expanding Coefficient (EC), that can be correlated with the thermodynamic stability of supramolecular complexes governed by weak secondary interactions and obeying the induced-fit model. The EC values show a good linear relationship with the log Kapp of the respective pseudorotaxane complexes investigated. According to Cram's Principle of Preorganization, the EC can be considered an approximate mechanical measure of the host's reorganization energy cost upon adopting the final bound geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gerardo Concilio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università
di Catania, viale Andrea
Doria, 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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12
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Cera G, Arduini A, Secchi A, Credi A, Silvi S. Heteroditopic Calix[6]arene Based Intervowen and Interlocked Molecular Devices. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1161-1181. [PMID: 33656250 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of supramolecular chemistry, calixarenes have been employed as platforms onto which functional groups and binding sites can be loaded in a regio- and stereocontrolled manner for the recognition of charged and neutral species. Despite their wider annulus, potentially suitable to bind larger guests, the larger members of the calixarene series have been relatively less employed, mainly because of the synthetic difficulties to control their conformational flexibility and their regioselective functionalization. In this account, we will present the achievements gained during the last two decades on the use of the calix[6]arene as a platform to build-up structures in which the macrocycle acts as a wheel for the synthesis of oriented (pseudo)rotaxanes. We also account on how these calix[6]arene hosts affect the reactivity or spectroscopic properties of their bound guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Foto reattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Matsuoka R, Himori S, Yamaguchi G, Nabeshima T. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviors of Pseudorotaxane Formation with C3v Macrocyclic BODIPY Trimers and the Remarkable Substituent Effect on Ring-Face Selectivity. Org Lett 2020; 22:8764-8768. [PMID: 32975422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of the pseudorotaxane formation between the C3v macrocyclic BODIPY trimers and unsymmetrical secondary ammonium guests are investigated. We find a remarkable substituent effect of the BODIPY trimer on the ring-face selectivity during the threading. The difference in the small substituents (H or CH3) in the macrocyclic host molecules significantly modulated the thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity of the threading direction of the unsymmetrical ammonium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Sou Himori
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Gento Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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14
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Study on the Influence of Chirality in the Threading of Calix[6]arene Hosts with Dialkylammonium Axles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225323. [PMID: 33203070 PMCID: PMC7696445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of chirality in calixarene threading has been studied by exploiting the “superweak anion approach”. In particular, the formation of chiral pseudo[2]rotaxanes bearing a classical stereogenic center in their axle and/or wheel components has been considered. Two kind of pseudo[2]rotaxane stereoadducts, the “endo-chiral” and “exo-chiral” ones, having the stereogenic center of a cationic axle inside or outside, respectively, the calix-cavity of a chiral calixarene were preferentially formed with specifically designed chiral axles by a fine exploitation of the so-called “endo-alkyl rule” and a newly defined “endo-α-methyl-benzyl rule” (threading of a hexaalkoxycalix[6]arene with a directional (α-methyl-benzyl)benzylammonium axle occurs with an endo-α-methyl-benzyl preference). The obtained pseudorotaxanes were studied in solution by 1D and 2D NMR, and in the gas-phase by means of the enantiomer-labeled (EL) mass spectrometry method, by combining enantiopure hosts with pseudoracemates of one deuterated and one unlabeled chiral axle enantiomer. In both instances, there was not a clear enantiodiscrimination in the threading process with the studied host/guest systems. Possible rationales are given to explain the scarce reciprocal influence between the guest and host chiral centers.
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15
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Iuliano V, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Hickey N, Geremia S, Vatsouro I, Kovalev V, Neri P. Influence of exo-Adamantyl Groups and endo-OH Functions on the Threading of Calix[6]arene Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12585-12593. [PMID: 32900204 PMCID: PMC8011915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Calix[6]arenes
bearing adamantyl groups at the exo-rim form pseudorotaxanes
with dialkylammonium axles paired to the
weakly coordinating [B(ArF)4]− anion. The exo-adamantyl groups give rise to a
more efficient threading with respect to the exo-tert-butyl ones, leading to apparent association constants
more than one order of magnitude higher. This improved stability has
been ascribed to the more favorable van der Waals interactions of exo-adamantyls versus exo-tert-butyls with the cationic axle. Calix[6]arenes bearing endo-OH functions give rise to a less efficient threading with respect
to the endo-OR ones, in line with what was known
from the complexation of alkali metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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16
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Lambert S, Bartik K, Jabin I. Specific Binding of Primary Ammonium Ions and Lysine-Containing Peptides in Protic Solvents by Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10062-10071. [PMID: 32657587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The binding of ammonium ions by two homooxacalix[3]arene-based receptors was studied using NMR spectroscopy and in silico methods. Both receptors are shown to endocomplex, even in a protic environment, a large variety of primary ammonium ions, including biomolecules. The binding mode is similar for all guests with the ammonium ion deeply inserted into the polyaromatic cavity and its NH3+ head nearly in the plane defined by the three oxygen atoms of the 18-crown-3 moiety, thus enabling it to establish three H-bonds with the ethereal macrocycle. The remarkable electronic, size, and shape complementarity between primary ammonium ions and the two cavity-based receptors leads to an unprecedented specificity for primary ammonium ions over secondary, tertiary, and quaternary ones. These binding properties were exploited for the selective liquid-liquid extraction of primary ammonium salts from water and for the selective recognition of lysine-containing peptides, opening new perspectives in the field of peptide sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lambert
- Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristin Bartik
- Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Cera G, Bazzoni M, Arduini A, Secchi A. Ion-Pair Selective Conformational Rearrangement of Sulfonamide Calix[6]arene-Based Pseudorotaxanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3702-3705. [PMID: 32286076 PMCID: PMC7997628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We describe the synthesis
of a new class of trisulfonamide calix[6]arene-based
wheels that can bind dialkylviologen salts, in apolar media. The threading
process occurs through a selective ion-pair recognition, established
by the sulfonamide groups with the counterions of the bipyridinium
salts, that dictates a conformational rearrangement of the corresponding
pseudorotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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18
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Nakamura T, Mori Y, Naito M, Okuma Y, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Kawasaki T, Tokunaga Y. Rotaxanes comprising cyclic phenylenedioxydiacetamides and secondary mono- and bis-dialkylammonium ions: effect of macrocyclic ring size on pseudorotaxane formation. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[2]Rotaxanes, stabilized through multiple and cooperative hydrogen bonding system, were synthesized from dialkylammonium ions and macrocycle possessing two phenylenedioxydiacetamide units and appropriate spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Yuka Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Yukari Okuma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji 611-0011
- Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
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19
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Iuliano V, Ciao R, Vignola E, Talotta C, Iannece P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Neri P. Multiple threading of a triple-calix[6]arene host. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2092-2104. [PMID: 31579081 PMCID: PMC6753684 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the triple-calix[6]arene derivative 6 in which three calix[6]arene macrocycles are linked to a central 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene moiety is reported. Derivative 6 is able to give multiple-threading processes in the presence of dialkylammonium axles. The formation of pseudo[2]rotaxane, pseudo[3]rotaxane, and pseudo[4]rotaxane by threading one, two, and three, respectively, calix-wheels of 6 has been studied by 1D and 2D NMR, DOSY, and ESI-FT-ICR MS/MS experiments. The use of a directional alkylbenzylammonium axle led to the stereoselective formation of endo-alkyl pseudo[n]rotaxane stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Roberta Ciao
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Emanuele Vignola
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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20
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Tranfić Bakić M, Iuliano V, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Spinella A, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Neri P. Threading of Conformationally Stable Calix[6]arene Wheels Substituted at the Methylene Bridges. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11922-11927. [PMID: 31418261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calix[6]arenes disubstituted at the methylene bridges, which are stable in the cone or 1,2,3-alternate conformation, form pseudorotaxanes with dialkylammonium axles. The cone wheel-based pseudorotaxanes are 10-100 times more stable than those obtained with the native conformationally mobile calix[6]arene wheel, as a consequence of their higher degree of preorganization. The threading of conformationally stable 1,2,3-alternate calix[6]arenes is unprecedented in the literature. Therefore, very peculiar NMR features are here evidenced for this threading process involving the less symmetrical 1,2,3-alternate calix[6]arene conformation, which implies a peculiar rototranslation motion of the axle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tranfić Bakić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Pierottijeva 6 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Aldo Spinella
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli" , University of Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
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21
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Manganaro N, Pisagatti I, Notti A, Parisi MF, Gattuso G. Self-sorting assembly of a calixarene/crown ether polypseudorotaxane gated by ion-pairing. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A polypseudorotaxane composed of a calix[5]arene-diammonium supramolecular polymer and dibenzo-24-crown-8 wheels self-assembles only in the presence of superweak counterions
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Manganaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
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22
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Schettini R, Costabile C, Della Sala G, Iuliano V, Tedesco C, Izzo I, De Riccardis F. Cation-Induced Molecular Switching Based on Reversible Modulation of Peptoid Conformational States. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12648-12663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Schettini
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, Salerno 84084, Italy
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23
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Calix[6]arene-based atropoisomeric pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2112-2124. [PMID: 30202465 PMCID: PMC6122310 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some examples of atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes in which the isomerism arises by the different conformations adopted by the wheel are reported here. Upon threading hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 1 with ammonium axles 2+ or 3+, bearing biphenyl or trifluoromethylbenzyl moieties, respectively, two atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes were formed in which the calix[6]-wheel 1 adopts the 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations. The interconversion between them cannot be obtained by simple rotation around the ArCH2Ar bonds of the calixarene wheel, which is blocked by the presence of the axle inside its cavity. Therefore, it can only be obtained through a mechanism of de-threading/re-threading of the axle. In all the examined cases, the 1,2,3-alternate and cone atropoisomers are, respectively, the kinetic and the thermodynamic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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24
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Chang YH, Lee YJ, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Synthesis of Oxygen-Free [2]Rotaxanes: Recognition of Diarylguanidinium Ions by Tetraazacyclophanes. Org Lett 2018; 20:2416-2419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Yong-Jay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C
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25
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Talotta C, Caruso T, De Rosa M, Gaeta C, Soriente A, Neri P. Threading fluorescent calixarene-wheels with ammonium axles. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1424852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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26
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Tung ST, Cheng HT, Inthasot A, Hsueh FC, Gu TJ, Yan PC, Lai CC, Chiu SH. Interlocked Photo-degradable Macrocycles Allow One-Off Photo-triggerable Gelation of Organo- and Hydrogelators. Chemistry 2018; 24:1522-1527. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Te Tung
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Hung-Te Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Alex Inthasot
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Ting-Jia Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Pei-Cong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei, Taiwan 10617 R.O.C
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27
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Manganaro N, Pisagatti I, Notti A, Pappalardo A, Patanè S, Micali N, Villari V, Parisi MF, Gattuso G. Ring/Chain Morphology Control in Overall-Neutral, Internally Ion-Paired Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2017; 24:1097-1103. [PMID: 29124821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of internally ion-paired, neutral AA/BB-type supramolecular polymers composed of complementary di-ionizable homoditopic pairs of monomers is reported. Host-to-guest double-proton transfer mediates the recognition between bis-calix[5]arenedicarboxylic acids and α,ω-diaminoalkanes to yield cyclic, doughnut-shaped assemblies with morphologies (i.e., cyclic vs. linear) that can be controlled by means of external chemical stimuli. The behavior of these intriguing aggregates, both in solution and on surfaces, has been investigated by a combination of 1 H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, light-scattering, and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Manganaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Melchiorre F Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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28
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De Rosa M, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Soriente A, Neri P, Pappalardo S, Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi MF, Pisagatti I. Calix[5]arene Through-the-Annulus Threading of Dialkylammonium Guests Weakly Paired to the TFPB Anion. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5162-5168. [PMID: 28426214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through-the-annulus threading of calix[5]arene penta-O-ethers by dialkylammonium cations coupled to the loosely coordinating superweak TFPB- anion has been achieved. 1H NMR titration data show that preorganization of the calix[5]arene scaffold leads to great thermodynamic stability of the pseudorotaxane complexes as well as to a favorable threading kinetic. Thus, calix[5]arene 1c, bearing tert-butyl groups at the wide rim, was threaded by all of the cations under study (with the exception of the dibenzylammonium 2b+) more tightly than the other derivatives under investigation (Ka's up to 2.02 ± 0.2 × 105 M-1) because of its preorganized cone conformation. According to DFT calculations, van der Waals interactions between the tert-butyl groups of 1c and the alkyl chain of the cationic axle are likely responsible for the remarkable stability observed. The threading of the calix[5]arene wheels with the asymmetric pentylbenzylammonium axle 2c+ led to the toposelective formation of the endo-pentylpseudorotaxane stereoisomer in agreement with the known "endo-alkyl rule". Owing to the steric hindrance of the axle phenyl group, the threading of the guest was seen to occur in a unidirectional fashion through the calixarene narrow rim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Melchiorre F Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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29
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Dai L, Ding ZJ, Cui L, Li J, Jia X, Li C. 2,2′-Biphen[n]arenes (n = 4–8): one-step, high-yield synthesis, and host–guest properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12096-12099. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new family of supramolecular macrocycles, 2,2′-biphen[n]arenes (n = 4–8), has been synthesized through a single-step reaction with a yield of 51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ding
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Beijing 102205
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
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30
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Moerkerke S, Malytskyi V, Marcélis L, Wouters J, Jabin I. Selective recognition of quaternary ammonium ions and zwitterions by using a biomimetic bis-calix[6]arene-based receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8967-8974. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic bis-calix[6]arene binds cationic and zwitterionic species with a high selectivity for carbamylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moerkerke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Volodymyr Malytskyi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems
- Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Namur (UNamur)
- B-5000 Namur
- Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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31
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Wang HX, Hu SZ, Meng Z, Han Y, Chen CF. Synthesis and Structures of Triptycene-Derived Oxacalixarenes with Expanded Cavities: Tunable and Switchable Complexation towards Bipyridinium Salts. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2756-2762. [PMID: 27167105 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New triptycene-derived oxacalixarene H1 was efficiently synthesized by a template cyclization step, and anilino-substituted macrocycle H2 was subsequently afforded through straightforward nucleophilic displacement of the active chlorine atom in H1. Oxacalixarene H1 adopts a fixed boat-like 1,3-alternate conformation and shows moderate complexation abilities towards various bipyridinium salts. However, the affinities of H2 towards the guests were found to be substantially stronger, which could be tentatively attributed to the additional hydrogen-bonding site, π-π stacking site, and especially the increased electron richness of the host. Furthermore, the acid-base switchable complexation process between H1 and the bipyridinium salt was also realized, which could potentially facilitate the construction of high-level stimuli-responsive supramolecular structures based on the newly synthesized oxacalixarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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32
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Unidirectional Threading into a Bowl-Shaped Macrocyclic Trimer of Boron-Dipyrrin Complexes through Multipoint Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9606-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Nakamura T, Yamaguchi G, Nabeshima T. Unidirectional Threading into a Bowl-Shaped Macrocyclic Trimer of Boron-Dipyrrin Complexes through Multipoint Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS); University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Gento Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS); University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science (TIMS); University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
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34
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De Rosa M, La Manna P, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Exploiting the hydrophobicity of calixarene macrocycles for catalysis under “on-water” conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioureido-calixarene derivatives provide a rate acceleration for the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction (VMAR) under on-water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- Salerno
- Italy
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35
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Talotta C, Gaeta C, De Rosa M, Ascenso JR, Marcos PM, Neri P. Alkylammonium Guest Induced-Fit Recognition by a Flexible Dihomooxacalix[4]arene Derivative. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Wang HX, Meng Z, Xiang JF, Xia YX, Sun Y, Hu SZ, Chen H, Yao J, Chen CF. Guest-dependent directional complexation based on triptycene derived oxacalixarene: formation of oriented rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:469-474. [PMID: 29899891 PMCID: PMC5964692 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes in the guest cause inversion of the dominant threading direction in triptycene derived oxacalixarene with different semi-cavities.
The manipulation of supramolecular devices to carry out sophisticated and programmed tasks is bound up with the spatial allocation of their components, especially the threading direction of the guest, which controls the host–guest orientation in the device. However, insights are needed to probe more possibilities for steering the threading direction. We have developed a new system consisting of a three-dimensional nonsymmetric oxacalixarene (H) with a fixed comformation and (bi)pyridinium salts (G1–G3), in which we found that based on the intrinsic discrepancies between the two semi-cavities of H, the electron densities of the axles greatly affect the threading direction. This was unequivocally demonstrated by NMR spectra and single crystal structures. With elaborate design, unidirectional threading was achieved, resulting in an oriented rotaxane. Therefore, we describe a new approach in which the threading direction and final orientation may be finely controlled by adjustment of the structure of the guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yihua Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shu-Zhen Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiannian Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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37
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Talotta C, De Simone NA, Gaeta C, Neri P. Calix[6]arene Threading with Weakly Interacting Tertiary Ammonium Axles: Generation of Chiral Pseudorotaxane Architectures. Org Lett 2015; 17:1006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Alessandro De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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39
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Cornut D, Moerkerke S, Wouters J, Bruylants G, Jabin I. A Biomimetic Heteroditopic Receptor for Zwitterions in Protic Media. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:440-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Adhikari BB, Zhao X, Derakhshan S, Schramm MP. p-tert-Butylcalix[6]arene hexacarboxylic acid as host for Pb(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II). Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15560-5. [PMID: 25198172 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
p-tert-Butylcalixarene hexacarboxylic acid initially binds with low symmetry, to later adopt a highly symmetric up-down alternating conformation in the presence of Pb, Sr or Ba. The conformational dynamics for the three ions are distinct, from 15 hours, to 20 days, to 38 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Babu Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, 90840, CA, USA.
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41
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Talotta C, Gaeta C, Neri P. Endo-Complexation of Alkylammonium Ions by Calix[4]arene Cavity: Facilitating Cation−π Interactions through the Weakly Coordinating Anion Approach. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9842-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5016689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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42
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Pseudorotaxane orientational stereoisomerism driven by π-electron density. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9917-20. [PMID: 25033221 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04668d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo[2]rotaxane orientational isomers were formed in a stereocontrolled way by exploiting the electron-withdrawing (EW) or electron-donating (ED) effects of para-substituted dibenzylammonium axles threaded through the π-electron rich calixarene cavity, which allow the fine tuning of the weak π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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43
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Guo DS, Liu Y. Supramolecular chemistry of p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes and its biological applications. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1925-34. [PMID: 24666259 DOI: 10.1021/ar500009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Developments in macrocyclic chemistry have led to supramolecular chemistry, a field that has attracted increasing attention among researchers in various disciplines. Notably, the discoveries of new types of macrocyclic hosts have served as important milestones in the field. Researchers have explored the supramolecular chemistry of several classical macrocyclic hosts, including crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and cucurbiturils. Calixarenes represent a third generation of supramolecular hosts after cyclodextrins and crown ethers. Easily modified, these macrocycles show great potential as simple scaffolds to build podand-like receptors. However, the inclusion properties of the cavities of unmodified calixarenes are not as good as those of other common macrocycles. Calixarenes require extensive chemical modifications to achieve efficient endo-complexation. p-Sulfonatocalix[n]arenes (SCnAs, n = 4-8) are a family of water-soluble calixarene derivatives that in aqueous media bind to guest molecules in their cavities. Their cavities are three-dimensional and π-electron-rich with multiple sulfonate groups, which endow them with fascinating affinities and selectivities, especially toward organic cations. They also can serve as scaffolds for functional, responsive host-guest systems. Moreover, SCnAs are biocompatible, which makes them potentially useful for diverse life sciences and pharmaceutical applications. In this Account, we summarize recent work on the recognition and assembly properties unique to SCnAs and their potential biological applications, by our group and by other laboratories. Initially examining simple host-guest systems, we describe the development of a series of functional host-guest pairs based on the molecular recognition between SCnAs and guest molecules. Such pairs can be used for fluorescent sensing systems, enzymatic activity assays, and pesticide detoxification. Although most macrocyclic hosts prevent self-aggregation of guest molecules, SCnAs can induce self-aggregation. Researchers have exploited calixarene-induced aggregation to construct supramolecular binary vesicles. These vesicles respond to internal and external stimuli, including temperature changes, redox reactions, additives, and enzymatic reactions. Such structures could be used as drug delivery vehicles. Although several biological applications of SCnAs have been reported, this field is still in its infancy. Continued exploration of the supramolecular chemistry of SCnAs will not only improve the existing biological functions but also open new avenues for the use of SCnAs in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical research. In addition, we expect that other interdisciplinary research efforts will accelerate developments in the supramolecular chemistry of SCnAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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44
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Ho TH, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Rotaxanes Synthesized Through Sodium-Ion-Templated Clipping of Macrocycles Around Nonconjugated Amide and Urea Functionalities. Chemistry 2014; 20:4563-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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Wang LH, Du P, Yang J, Guo DS, Liu Y. Binding behaviour and solubilisation of p-sulfonatocalixarenes to cinchona alkaloids. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2014.882509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Peng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ciao
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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47
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Lin YH, Lai CC, Chiu SH. Five additional macrocycles that allow Na+ ion-templated threading of guest units featuring a single urea or amide functionality. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2907-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five analogues of the macrocycle BPX26C6 are also capable of recognizing single urea and/or amide functionalities in the presence of templating Na+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology
- National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei, Republic of China
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48
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Tung ST, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Synthesis of a [2]Catenane from the Sodium Ion Templated Orthogonal Arrangement of Two Diethylene Glycol Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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49
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Tung ST, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Synthesis of a [2]Catenane from the Sodium Ion Templated Orthogonal Arrangement of Two Diethylene Glycol Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13269-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Ciao R, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Margarucci L, Casapullo A, Neri P. An oriented handcuff rotaxane. Org Lett 2013; 15:5694-7. [PMID: 24180584 DOI: 10.1021/ol4026974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first example of an oriented handcuff rotaxane has been obtained by through-the-annulus threading of a double-calix[6]arene system with a bis-ammonium axle. The relative orientation of the two calix-wheels can be predefined by exploiting the "endo-alkyl rule" which controls the directionality of the threading of alkylbenzylammonium axles with calixarene macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ciao
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy, and Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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