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Hoefler JC, Jackson D, Blümel J. Surface-Assisted Selective Air Oxidation of Phosphines Adsorbed on Activated Carbon. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9275-9287. [PMID: 38722182 PMCID: PMC11110008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Trialkyl- and triarylphosphines readily adsorb onto the surface of porous activated carbon (AC) even in the absence of solvents through van der Waals interactions between the lone electron pair and the AC surface. This process has been proven by solid-state NMR techniques. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the AC enables the fast and selective oxidation of adsorbed phosphines to phosphine oxides at ambient temperature in air. In solution, trialkylphosphines are oxidized to a variety of P(V) species when exposed to the atmosphere, while neat or dissolved triarylphosphines cannot be oxidized with air. When the trialkyl- and triarylphosphines PnBu3 (1), PEt3, (2), PnOct3 (3), PMetBu2 (4), PCy3 (5), and PPh3 (6) are adsorbed in a mono- or submonolayer on the surface of AC, in the absence of a solvent and at ambient temperature, they are quantitatively oxidized to the adsorbed phosphine oxides, 1ox-6ox, once air is admitted. No formation of any unwanted P(V) side products or water adducts is observed. The phosphine oxides can then be recovered in good yields by washing them off of the AC. The oxidation is likely facilitated by a radical activation of molecular oxygen due to delocalized electrons on the aromatic surface coating of AC, as proven by ESR. This easy and inexpensive oxidation method renders hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizers unnecessary and is broadly applicable to sterically hindered and even to air-stable triarylphosphines. Phosphines adsorbed at lower surface coverages on AC oxidize at a faster rate. All oxidation reactions were monitored by solution- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Hoefler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, United States
| | - Devin Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, United States
| | - Janet Blümel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, United States
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2
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Kim SG, Kim D, Oh J, Son YJ, Jeong S, Kim J, Hwang SJ. Phosphorus-Ligand Redox Cooperative Catalysis: Unraveling Four-Electron Dioxygen Reduction Pathways and Reactive Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38597246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of dioxygen to water is crucial in biology and energy technologies, but it is challenging due to the inertness of triplet oxygen and complex mechanisms. Nature leverages high-spin transition metal complexes for this, whereas main-group compounds with their singlet state and limited redox capabilities exhibit subdued reactivity. We present a novel phosphorus complex capable of four-electron dioxygen reduction, facilitated by unique phosphorus-ligand redox cooperativity. Spectroscopic and computational investigations attribute this cooperative reactivity to the unique electronic structure arising from the geometry of the phosphorus complex bestowed by the ligand. Mechanistic study via spectroscopic and kinetic experiments revealed the involvement of elusive phosphorus intermediates resembling those in metalloenzymes. Our result highlights the multielectron reactivity of phosphorus compound emerging from a carefully designed ligand platform with redox cooperativity. We anticipate that the work described expands the strategies in developing main-group catalytic reactions, especially in small molecule fixations demanding multielectron redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinrok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Protti S, Mella M, Bonesi SM. Photochemistry of triphenylamine (TPA) in homogeneous solution and the role of transient N-phenyl-4 a,4 b-dihydrocarbazole. A steady-state and time-resolved investigation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of triphenylamine with a laser pulse (355 nm) provided intermediate N-phenyl-4a,4b-tetrahydrocarbazole (DHC0) whose reactivity depends on the reaction media and atmospheres used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariella Mella
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sergio M. Bonesi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
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4
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Ding A, Li S, Chen Y, Jin R, Ye C, Hu J, Guo H. Visible light-induced 4-phenylthioxanthone-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of triarylphosphines. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mohapatra PP, Chiemezie CO, Kligman A, Kim MM, Busch TM, Zhu TC, Greer A. 31 P NMR Evidence for Peroxide Intermediates in Lipid Emulsion Photooxidations: Phosphine Substituent Effects in Trapping. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1430-1438. [PMID: 28722754 DOI: 10.1111/php.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intralipid is a lipid emulsion used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for its light scattering and tissue-simulating properties. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not Intralipid undergoes photooxidation, and we have carried out an Intralipid peroxide trapping study using a series of phosphines [2'-dicyclohexylphosphino-2,6-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl-3-sulfonate, 3-(diphenylphosphino)benzenesulfonate, triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate and triphenylphosphine]. Our new findings are as follows: (1) An oxygen atom is transferred from Intralipid peroxide to the phosphine traps in the dark, after the photooxidation of Intralipid. 3-(Diphenylphosphino)benzenesulfonate is the most suitable trap in the series owing to a balance of nucleophilicity and water solubility. (2) Phosphine trapping and monitoring by 31 P NMR are effective in quantifying the peroxides in H2 O. An advantage of the technique is that peroxides are detected in H2 O; deuterated NMR solvents are not required. (3) The percent yield of the peroxides increased linearly with the increase in fluence from 45 to 180 J cm-2 based on our trapping experiments. (4) The photooxidation yields quantitated by the phosphines and 31 P NMR are supported by the direct 1 H NMR detection using deuterated NMR solvents. These data provide the first steps in the development of Intralipid peroxide quantitation after PDT using phosphine trapping and 31 P NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callistus O Chiemezie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Arina Kligman
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Michele M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Timothy C Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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6
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Shritz R, Shapira R, Borzin E, Tumanskii B, Reichstein W, Meichner C, Schwaiger F, Reichstein PM, Kreyenschmidt J, Haarer D, Kador L, Eichen Y. Measuring Cumulative Exposure to Oxygen with a Diphenylphosphine–Alkyl Naphthaleneimide Luminescence Turn‐On Dyad. Chemistry 2015; 21:11531-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozalia Shritz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200008 Haifa (Israel)
| | - Reut Shapira
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200008 Haifa (Israel)
| | - Elena Borzin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200008 Haifa (Israel)
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200008 Haifa (Israel)
| | - Werner Reichstein
- Institute of Physics and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | - Christoph Meichner
- Institute of Physics and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | - Florian Schwaiger
- Institute of Physics and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | - Paul M. Reichstein
- Institute of Physics and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | - Judith Kreyenschmidt
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7‐9, 53115 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Dietrich Haarer
- Institute of Physics and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | - Lothar Kador
- Institute of Physics and Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200008 Haifa (Israel)
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Klimczyk S, Huang X, Kählig H, Veiros LF, Maulide N. Stereoselective gold(I) domino catalysis of allylic isomerization and olefin cyclopropanation: mechanistic studies. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5719-29. [PMID: 26017800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I) catalysis of olefin activation is still a rare feature in the repertoire of that metal. Mechanistic studies on the gold(I)-catalyzed cyclopropanation of allyl-substituted sulfonium ylides, including kinetic analysis as well as detailed computational studies, reveal that the reaction proceeds through activation of the alkene moiety. Furthermore, a novel competitive allylic isomerization pathway that interconverts "linear" and "branched" allylic isomers is uncovered. The subtle interplay of cyclopropanation and olefin isomerization results in an intriguing domino process where two independent catalytic transformations combine with near-perfect regio- and stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klimczyk
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xueliang Huang
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luís F Veiros
- §Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Maulide
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Meng QY, Lei T, Zhao LM, Wu CJ, Zhong JJ, Gao XW, Tung CH, Wu LZ. A Unique 1,2-Acyl Migration for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon by Visible Light Irradiation of Platinum(II) Polypyridyl Complex and Molecular Oxygen. Org Lett 2014; 16:5968-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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9
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Bonesi SM, Dondi D, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Albini A. (Co)oxidation/cyclization processes upon irradiation of triphenylamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Allen
- Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, S1 1WB UK
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