1
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Pu L. Regioselective Substitution of BINOL. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6643-6689. [PMID: 38723152 PMCID: PMC11117191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) has been extensively used as the chirality source in the fields of molecular recognition, asymmetric synthesis, and materials science. The direct electrophilic substitution at the aromatic rings of the optically active BINOL has been developed as one of the most convenient strategies to structurally modify BINOL for diverse applications. High regioselectivity has been achieved for the reaction of BINOL with electrophiles. Depending upon the reaction conditions and substitution patterns, various functional groups can be introduced to the specific positions, such as the 6-, 5-, 4-, and 3-positions, of BINOL. Ortho-lithiation at the 3-position directed by the functional groups at the 2-position of BINOL have been extensively used to prepare the 3- and 3,3'-substituted BINOLs. The use of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation has also been explored to functionalize BINOL at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-positions. These regioselective substitutions of BINOL have allowed the construction of tremendous amount of BINOL derivatives with fascinating structures and properties as reviewed in this article. Examples for the applications of the optically active BINOLs with varying substitutions in asymmetric catalysis, molecular recognition, chiral sensing and materials are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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2
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Boychuk A, Shibaev V, Cigl M, Hamplová V, Novotná V, Bobrovsky A. Large Thermally Irreversible Photoinduced Shift of Selective Light Reflection in Hydrazone-Containing Cholesteric Polymer Systems. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300011. [PMID: 36861819 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive liquid crystalline polymers are a unique class of so-called "smart" materials demonstrating various types of mesomorphic structures easily controlled by external fields, including light. In the present work we synthesized and studied a comb-shaped hydrazone-containing copolyacrylate exhibited cholesteric liquid crystalline properties with the pitch length of the helix being tuned under irradiation with light. In the cholesteric phase selective light reflection in the near IR spectral range (1650 nm) was measured and a large blue shift of the reflection peak from 1650 nm to 500 nm was found under blue light (428 or 457 nm) irradiation. This shift is related to the Z-E isomerization of photochromic hydrazone-containing groups and it is photochemically reversible. The improved and faster photo-optical response was found after copolymer doping with 10 wt % of low-molar-mass liquid crystal. It is noteworthy that both, the E and Z isomers of hydrazone photochromic group are thermally stable that enable to achieve a pure photoinduced switch without any dark relaxation at any temperatures. The large photoinduced shift of the selective light reflection, together with thermal bistability, makes such systems promising for applications in photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Boychuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valery Shibaev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Martin Cigl
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 1999/2 Na Slovance, 182 20, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vĕra Hamplová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 1999/2 Na Slovance, 182 20, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Novotná
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 1999/2 Na Slovance, 182 20, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Bobrovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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3
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Liao J, Feng Y, Zhang J, Li H, Zhou G. Asymmetric chiral disazo dopants with high anisotropy for versatile modulation of liquid crystal optics. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Freytag E, Holzapfel M, Swain A, Bringmann G, Stolte M, Würthner F, Lambert C. Axially chiral indolenine derived chromophore dimers and their chiroptical absorption and emission properties. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12229-12238. [PMID: 36349102 PMCID: PMC9601394 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04600h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yamamoto homocoupling of two chiral oxindoles led to the atropo-diastereoselective formation of an axially chiral oxindole dimer. This building block served as the starting material for the syntheses of axially chiral squaraine and merocyanine chromophore dimers. These dimers show pronounced chiroptical properties, this is, outstandingly high ECD signals (Δε up to ca. 1500 M−1 cm−1) as a couplet with positive Cotton effect for the P-configuration around the biaryl axis and a negative Cotton effect for the M-configuration. All investigated dimers also exhibit pronounced circularly polarised emission with anisotropy values of ca. 10−3 cgs. Time-dependent density functional calculations were used to analyse the three contributions (local one electron, electric–magnetic coupling, and exciton coupling) to the rotational strength applying the Rosenfeld equation to excitonically coupled chromophores. While the exciton coupling term proves to be the dominant one, the electric–magnetic coupling possesses the same sign and adds significantly to the total rotational strength owing to a favourable geometric arrangement of the two chromophores within the dimer. From an axially chiral oxindole, squaraine and merocyanine chromophore dimers with pronounced chiroptical properties were prepared.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Freytag
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Asim Swain
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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5
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Wang Y, Xiang S, Tan B. Application in Drugs and Materials. AXIALLY CHIRAL COMPOUNDS 2021:297-315. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527825172.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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6
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Huang Y, Bisoyi HK, Huang S, Wang M, Chen X, Liu Z, Yang H, Li Q. Bioinspired Synergistic Photochromic Luminescence and Programmable Liquid Crystal Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11247-11251. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Xu‐Man Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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7
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Huang Y, Bisoyi HK, Huang S, Wang M, Chen X, Liu Z, Yang H, Li Q. Bioinspired Synergistic Photochromic Luminescence and Programmable Liquid Crystal Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Xu‐Man Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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8
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Wang L, Urbas AM, Li Q. Nature-Inspired Emerging Chiral Liquid Crystal Nanostructures: From Molecular Self-Assembly to DNA Mesophase and Nanocolloids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1801335. [PMID: 30160812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are omnipresent in living matter, whose chirality is an elegant and distinct feature in certain plant tissues, the cuticles of crabs, beetles, arthropods, and beyond. Taking inspiration from nature, researchers have recently devoted extensive efforts toward developing chiral liquid crystalline materials with self-organized nanostructures and exploring their potential applications in diverse fields ranging from dynamic photonics to energy and safety issues. In this review, an account on the state of the art of emerging chiral liquid crystalline nanostructured materials and their technological applications is provided. First, an overview on the significance of chiral liquid crystalline architectures in various living systems is given. Then, the recent significant progress in different chiral liquid crystalline systems including thermotropic LCs (cholesteric LCs, cubic blue phases, achiral bent-core LCs, etc.) and lyotropic LCs (DNA LCs, nanocellulose LCs, and graphene oxide LCs) is showcased. The review concludes with a perspective on the future scope, opportunities, and challenges in these truly advanced functional soft materials and their promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Augustine M Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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9
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Ankireddy AR, Paidikondala K, Syed R, Gundla R, Reddy CVR, Ganapathi T. Synthesis of Chiral 3,3ʹ-Disubstituted (S)-BINOL Derivatives via the Kumada and Suzuki Coupling and Their
Antibacterial Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220080198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Kurosaki Y, Sagisaka T, Matsushima T, Ubukata T, Yokoyama Y. Chiral, Thermally Irreversible and Quasi-Stealth Photochromic Dopant to Control Selective Reflection Wavelength of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1375-1383. [PMID: 32374514 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A chiral and thermally irreversible photochromic fulgide derivative incorporating an (R)-binaphthol unit in its acid anhydride moiety was used for the photoswitching of the pitch length of cholesteric liquid crystals. Since the absorption maximum wavelengths of both thermally stable photoisomers are nearly in the UV region (quasi-stealth photochromism), it can be exposed to visible light without inducing photochromic reactions. Therefore, when the photoswitching molecule is added to a permanent cholesteric liquid crystal whose reflection light wavelength is in the visible region, the UV light-induced photochromic reaction of the photoswitching molecule changes the wavelength of the reflection light in the visible light region. We have succeeded in regulating the color of cholesteric liquid crystalline cells between red and blue upon UV light irradiation. Attempts to introduce this system in polymer dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kurosaki
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sagisaka
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsushima
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
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11
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Li J, Bisoyi HK, Lin S, Guo J, Li Q. 1,2-Dithienyldicyanoethene-Based, Visible-Light-Driven, Chiral Fluorescent Molecular Switch: Rewritable Multimodal Photonic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16052-16056. [PMID: 31487106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the first example of a 1,2-dithienyldicyanoethene-based visible-light-driven chiral fluorescent molecular switch that exhibits reversible trans to cis photoisomerization. The trans form in solution almost completely transforms into the cis form, accompanied by a 10-fold decrease in its fluorescence intensity within 60 seconds when exposed to green light (520 nm). The reverse isomerization proceeds upon irradiation with blue light (405 nm). When doped into commercially available achiral liquid crystal hosts, this molecular switch efficiently induces luminescent helical superstructures, that is, a cholesteric phase. The intensity of the circularly polarized fluorescence as well as the selective reflection wavelength of the induced cholesteric phases can be reversibly tuned using visible light of two different wavelengths. Optically rewritable photonic devices using cholesteric films containing this molecular switch are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Siyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinbao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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12
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Li J, Bisoyi HK, Lin S, Guo J, Li Q. 1,2‐Dithienyldicyanoethene‐Based, Visible‐Light‐Driven, Chiral Fluorescent Molecular Switch: Rewritable Multimodal Photonic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional PolymersMinistry of Education, and College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary ProgramKent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Siyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional PolymersMinistry of Education, and College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jinbao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional PolymersMinistry of Education, and College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary ProgramKent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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13
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Kim Y, Tamaoki N. Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants: Light‐Driven Helicity Manipulation in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals for Optical and Mechanical Functions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido University N-20, W-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 JAPAN
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic ScienceHokkaido University N-20, W-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 JAPAN
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14
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Chng S, Moloney MG, Wu LYL. Photochromic Materials by Postpolymerisation Surface Modification. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15554-15565. [PMID: 31458211 PMCID: PMC6644173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic materials are available by a postpolymerization surface modification of diverse polymers in a multistep sequential process mediated, first, by carbene insertion chemistry, second, by diazonium coupling with a tethered precursor, and finally by coupling to a spiropyran. This three-step sequence is efficient, and surface loading densities of 1013 molecules cm-2 are typically achievable, leading to materials with observable photochromic and wettability behavior, which operate over multiple cycles without significant photobleaching or loss of efficacy. Materials suitable for application in this process include both reactive, but also lower surface energy polymers. Although the process is particularly efficient for high surface area materials, surface modification onto lower surface area substrates, while being intrinsically less efficient, is nonetheless sufficiently effective that changes in macroscopic photochromic properties are readily observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Chng
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12-Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Singapore
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Mark G. Moloney
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12-Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Y. L. Wu
- Singapore
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, Singapore 138634
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15
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Bisoyi HK, Bunning TJ, Li Q. Stimuli-Driven Control of the Helical Axis of Self-Organized Soft Helical Superstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706512. [PMID: 29603448 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular and macromolecular functional helical superstructures are ubiquitous in nature and display an impressive catalog of intriguing and elegant properties and performances. In materials science, self-organized soft helical superstructures, i.e., cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), serve as model systems toward the understanding of morphology- and orientation-dependent properties of supramolecular dynamic helical architectures and their potential for technological applications. Moreover, most of the fascinating device applications of CLCs are primarily determined by different orientations of the helical axis. Here, the control of the helical axis orientation of CLCs and its dynamic switching in two and three dimensions using different external stimuli are summarized. Electric-field-, magnetic-field-, and light-irradiation-driven orientation control and reorientation of the helical axis of CLCs are described and highlighted. Different techniques and strategies developed to achieve a uniform lying helix structure are explored. Helical axis control in recently developed heliconical cholesteric systems is examined. The control of the helical axis orientation in spherical geometries such as microdroplets and microshells fabricated from these enticing photonic fluids is also explored. Future challenges and opportunities in this exciting area involving anisotropic chiral liquids are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, OH, 44242, USA
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16
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Dissanayake DS, McCandless GT, Stefan MC, Biewer MC. Systematic variation of thiophene substituents in photochromic spiropyrans. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1057-1062. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic method was developed to incorporate spiropyran into thiophene based materials via a conjugated pathway. As the number of thiophene units increased, the thermal decay rate of the reverse reaction decreased in methanol, thus increasing the half-life of merocyanine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
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17
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Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Light-Driven Liquid Crystalline Materials: From Photo-Induced Phase Transitions and Property Modulations to Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15089-15166. [PMID: 27936632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven phenomena both in living systems and nonliving materials have enabled truly fascinating and incredible dynamic architectures with terrific forms and functions. Recently, liquid crystalline materials endowed with photoresponsive capability have emerged as enticing systems. In this Review, we focus on the developments of light-driven liquid crystalline materials containing photochromic components over the past decade. Design and synthesis of photochromic liquid crystals (LCs), photoinduced phase transitions in LC, and photoalignment and photoorientation of LCs have been covered. Photomodulation of pitch, polarization, lattice constant and handedness inversion of chiral LCs is discussed. Light-driven phenomena and properties of liquid crystalline polymers, elastomers, and networks have also been analyzed. The applications of photoinduced phase transitions, photoalignment, photomodulation of chiral LCs, and photomobile polymers have been highlighted wherever appropriate. The combination of photochromism, liquid crystallinity, and fabrication techniques has enabled some fascinating functional materials which can be driven by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light irradiation. Nanoscale particles have been incorporated to widen and diversify the scope of the light-driven liquid crystalline materials. The developed materials possess huge potential for applications in optics, photonics, adaptive materials, nanotechnology, etc. The challenges and opportunities in this area are discussed at the end of the Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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18
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19
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Jin O, Fu D, Ge Y, Wei J, Guo J. Hydrogen-bonded chiral molecular switches: photo- and thermally-reversible switchable full range color in the self-organized helical superstructure. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New kinds of hydrogen-bonded chiral molecular switches and dual photo/thermo-responsive behavior of self-organized helical superstructure based on them were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyu Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Dengwei Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Yixiu Ge
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Light-directing chiral liquid crystal nanostructures: from 1D to 3D. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3184-95. [PMID: 25181560 DOI: 10.1021/ar500249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endowing external, remote, and dynamic control to self-organized superstructures with desired functionalities is a principal driving force in the bottom-up nanofabrication of molecular devices. Light-driven chiral molecular switches or motors in liquid crystal (LC) media capable of self-organizing into optically tunable one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) superstructures represent such an elegant system. As a consequence, photoresponsive cholesteric LCs (CLCs), i.e., self-organized 1D helical superstructures, and LC blue phases (BPs), i.e., self-organized 3D periodic cubic lattices, are emerging as a new generation of multifunctional supramolecular 1D and 3D photonic materials in their own right because of their fundamental academic interest and technological significance. These smart stimuli-responsive materials can be facilely fabricated from achiral LC hosts by the addition of a small amount of a light-driven chiral molecular switch or motor. The photoresponsiveness of these materials is a result of both molecular interaction and geometry changes in the chiral molecular switch upon light irradiation. The doped photoresponsive CLCs undergo light-driven pitch modulation and/or helix inversion, which has many applications in color filters, polarizers, all-optical displays, optical lasers, sensors, energy-saving smart devices, and so on. Recently, we have conceptualized and rationally synthesized different light-driven chiral molecular switches that have very high helical twisting powers (HTPs) and exhibit large changes in HTP in different states, thereby enabling wide phototunability of the systems by the addition of very small amounts of the molecular switches into commercially available achiral LCs. The light-driven chiral molecular switches are based on well-recognized azobenzene, dithienylcyclopentene, and spirooxazine derivatives. We have demonstrated high-resolution and lightweight photoaddressable displays without patterned electronics on flexible substrates. The wide tunability of the HTP furnishes reflection colors encompassing the whole visible spectrum and beyond in a reversible manner. Photomodulation of the helical pitch of the CLCs has been achieved by UV, visible, and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. NIR-light-induced red, green, and blue (RGB) reflections have been leveraged only by varying the power density of the IR laser. Some chiral switches are found to confer helix inversion to the cholesteric systems, which qualifies the CLCs for applications where circularly polarized light is involved. Dynamic and static primary RGB reflection colors have been achieved in a single film. LC BPs have been fabricated and investigated in the context of self-organized 3D photonic band gap (PBG) materials, and dynamic phototuning of the PBG over the visible region has been achieved. Omnidirectional lasing and tuning of the laser emission wavelength have also been attained in monodisperse photoresponsive CLC microshells fabricated by a capillary-based microfluidic technique. This Account covers the research and development in our laboratory starting from the design concepts and synthesis of photodynamic chiral molecular switches to their applications in the fabrication of photoresponsive CLCs and BPs. Potential and demonstrated practical applications of photoresponsive CLCs, microshells, and BPs are discussed, and the Account concludes with a brief forecast of what lies beyond the horizon in this rapidly expanding and fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Liquid Crystal
Institute
and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal
Institute
and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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Lee CY, Cheon CH. Diastereomeric Resolution of rac-1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol Boronic Acid with a Chiral Boron Ligand and Its Application to Simultaneous Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3,3′-Disubstituted 1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol Derivatives. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7086-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400928q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Republic of Korea,
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136701, Republic of Korea,
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22
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Sathish V, Babu E, Ramdass A, Lu ZZ, Chang TT, Velayudham M, Thanasekaran P, Lu KL, Li WS, Rajagopal S. Photoswitchable alkoxy-bridged binuclear rhenium(i) complexes – a potential probe for biomolecules and optical cell imaging. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Asshoff SJ, Iamsaard S, Bosco A, Cornelissen JJLM, Feringa BL, Katsonis N. Time-programmed helix inversion in phototunable liquid crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 49:4256-8. [PMID: 23230570 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Doping cholesteric liquid crystals with photo-responsive molecules enables controlling the colour and polarisation of the light they reflect. However, accelerating the rate of relaxation of these photo-controllable liquid crystals remains challenging. Here we show that the relaxation rate of the cholesteric helix is fully determined by helix inversion of the molecular dopants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Asshoff
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Thomas R, Yoshida Y, Akasaka T, Tamaoki N. Influence of a Change in Helical Twisting Power of Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants on Rotational Manipulation of Micro-Objects on the Surface of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystalline Films. Chemistry 2012; 18:12337-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
A series of novel 1,3-oxazines were prepared to construct a helical framework. The 1,3-oxazine attached to the phenanthrene unit showed a small bite angle θ (∼12°), while the units attached to [4]helicene showed a larger θ (∼35°) and exhibited helical isomers at ambient conditions. The diastereomers of the third type of helicene-like bis-oxazine attached to binaphthyl were easily separable and showed good thermal stability. All four diastereomers of bis-helicene were synthesized, and their absolute configuration was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish R Talele
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
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27
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Wang Y, Li Q. Light-driven chiral molecular switches or motors in liquid crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1926-45. [PMID: 22411073 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune molecular self-organization with an external stimulus is a main driving force in the bottom-up nanofabrication of molecular devices. Light-driven chiral molecular switches or motors in liquid crystals that are capable of self-organizing into optically tunable helical superstructures undoubtedly represent a striking example, owing to their unique property of selective light reflection and which may lead to applications in the future. In this review, we focus on different classes of light-driven chiral molecular switches or motors in liquid crystal media for the induction and manipulation of photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystal systems and their consequent applications. Moreover, the change of helical twisting powers of chiral dopants and their capability of helix inversion in the induced cholesteric phases are highlighted and discussed in the light of their molecular geometric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics, Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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28
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Li Y, Urbas A, Li Q. Synthesis and Characterization of Light-Driven Dithienylcyclopentene Switches with Axial Chirality. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7148-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201139t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannian Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Augustine Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
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