1
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Badufle M, Robert F, Landais Y. Visible light mediated iron-catalyzed addition of oxamic acids to imines. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12528-12532. [PMID: 38638815 PMCID: PMC11024671 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxamic acids where shown to add to imines, providing a broad range of α-aminoacid amides in generally good yields. The process is efficient on pre-formed imines but may also be conducted using a 3-component strategy by simply mixing aldehydes, amines and oxamic acids in the presence of ferrocene, acting both as a photocatalyst under visible light and as a Lewis acid. The reaction proceeds through the addition onto the imine of a carbamoyl radical intermediate generated through a charge transfer from the carboxylate ligand to a Fe(iii) species (LMCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Badufle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 F-33400 Talence France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 F-33400 Talence France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 F-33400 Talence France
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2
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Djukanovic D, Ganiek MA, Nishi K, Karaghiosoff K, Mashima K, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Amides Using Dicarbamoylzincs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205440. [PMID: 35561099 PMCID: PMC9401601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a new convenient preparation of dicarbamoylzincs of type (R1R2NCO)2Zn by the treatment of ZnCl2 and formamides R1R2NCHO with LiTMP in THF (15 °C, 15 min) or by the reaction of formamides R1R2NCHO with TMP2Zn (25 °C, 16 h). This second method tolerates sensitive groups such as an ester, ketone or nitro function. Reaction of these dicarbamoylzincs with allylic, benzylic, aryl, alkenyl bromides, acid chlorides, aldehydes or enones provided various polyfunctional amides in 47–97 % yields. 13C NMR characterization of these new carbamoylzinc derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Djukanovic
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Maximilian A Ganiek
- Patheon, by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Patheon Regensburg Gmbh, Donaustaufer Straße 378, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kohei Nishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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3
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Preparation of Functionalized Amides using Dicarbamoylzincs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Cardinale L, Schmotz MOWS, Konev MO, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Amides by Imine Carbamoylation. Org Lett 2022; 24:506-510. [PMID: 34967213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple protocol for the photocatalytic carbamoylation of imines is reported. Easily available, bench-stable 4-amido Hantzsch ester derivatives serve as precursors to carbamoyl radicals that undergo rapid addition to N-aryl imines. The reaction proceeds under blue light irradiation in the presence of the photocatalyst 3DPAFIPN and Brønsted/Lewis acid additives. Mechanistic studies indicated a photoredox mechanism that involves carbamoyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cardinale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Place 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mattis-Ole W S Schmotz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Place 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail O Konev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Place 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Place 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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6
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Blackwell JH, Kumar R, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination to All-Alkyl α-Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1598-1609. [PMID: 33428383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The all-alkyl α-tertiary amino acid scaffold represents an important structural feature in many biologically and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Syntheses of this class of molecule, however, often involve multiple steps and require activating auxiliary groups on the nitrogen atom or tailored building blocks. Here, we report a straightforward, single-step, and modular methodology for the synthesis of all-alkyl α-tertiary amino esters. This new strategy uses visible light and a silane reductant to bring about a carbonyl alkylative amination reaction that combines a wide range of primary amines, α-ketoesters, and alkyl iodides to form functionally diverse all-alkyl α-tertiary amino esters. Brønsted acid-mediated in situ condensation of primary amine and α-ketoester delivers the corresponding ketiminium species, which undergoes rapid 1,2-addition of an alkyl radical (generated from an alkyl iodide by the action of visible light and silane reductant) to form an aminium radical cation. Upon a polarity-matched and irreversible hydrogen atom transfer from electron rich silane, the electrophilic aminium radical cation is converted to an all-alkyl α-tertiary amino ester product. The benign nature of this process allows for broad scope in all three components and generates structurally and functionally diverse suite of α-tertiary amino esters that will likely have widespread use in academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henry Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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7
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Nam TK, Jang DO. A synthetic route toward α,α-dialkyl α-amino ester derivatives via radical addition to hydrazone derivatives of α-ketoesters under “on-water” conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Wang C, Zhao Q, Vargas M, Jones JO, White KL, Shackleford DM, Chen G, Saunders J, Ng ACF, Chiu FCK, Dong Y, Charman SA, Keiser J, Vennerstrom JL. Revisiting the SAR of the Antischistosomal Aryl Hydantoin (Ro 13-3978). J Med Chem 2016; 59:10705-10718. [PMID: 27933964 PMCID: PMC5150661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
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The aryl hydantoin 1 (Ro 13-3978) was identified in
the early 1980s as a promising antischistosomal lead compound. However,
this series of aryl hydantoins produced antiandrogenic side effects
in the host, a not unexpected outcome given their close structural
similarity to the antiandrogenic drug nilutamide. Building on the
known SAR of this compound series, we now describe a number of analogs
of 1 designed to maximize structural diversity guided
by incorporation of substructures and functional groups known to diminish
ligand–androgen receptor interactions. These analogs had calculated
polar surface area (PSA), measured LogD7.4, aqueous kinetic
solubility, and estimated plasma protein binding values in ranges
predictive of good ADME profiles. The principal SAR insight was that
the hydantoin core of 1 is required for high antischistosomal
activity. We identified several compounds with high antischistosomal
efficacy that were less antiandrogenic than 1. These
data provide direction for the ongoing optimization of antischistosomal
hydantoins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mireille Vargas
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute , Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gong Chen
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Saunders
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alice C F Ng
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francis C K Chiu
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute , Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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9
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Rossi B, Pastori N, Prosperini S, Punta C. Multicomponent versus domino reactions: One-pot free-radical synthesis of β-amino-ethers and β-amino-alcohols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:66-73. [PMID: 25670994 PMCID: PMC4311587 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an optimized multicomponent procedure, an aryl amine, a ketone, and a cyclic ether or an alcohol molecule are assembled in a one-pot synthesis by nucleophilic radical addition of ketyl radicals to ketimines generated in situ. The reaction occurs under mild conditions by mediation of the TiCl4/Zn/t-BuOOH system, leading to the formation of quaternary β-amino-ethers and -alcohols. The new reaction conditions guarantee good selectivity by preventing the formation of secondary products. The secondary products are possibly derived from a competitive domino reaction, which involves further oxidation of the ketyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
| | - Nadia Pastori
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
| | - Simona Prosperini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" - Politecnico di Milano, Via Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20131 Milano, Italy; Fax (+39)0223993180
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10
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Brahmachari G, Banerjee B. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN): an efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl-substituted bis(6-aminouracil-5-yl)methanes at room temperature. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl-substituted bis(6-aminouracil-5-yl)methane scaffolds (3a–3u) has been developed via a pseudo three-component reaction in aqueous ethanol at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731 235
- India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati University
- Santiniketan-731 235
- India
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11
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Liu C, Shi E, Xu F, Luo Q, Wang H, Chen J, Wan X. Combination of fluoroalkylation and Kornblum–DeLaMare reaction: a new strategy for the construction of (Z)-β-perfluoroalkyl enaminones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1214-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07833k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy has been developed for the highly chemo- and stereo-selective synthesis of (Z)-β-perfluoroalkyl enaminones via a multicomponent radical reaction involving sequential fluoroalkylation and Kornblum–DeLaMare reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Erbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Feng Xu
- SABIC Technology Center
- Riyadh 11551
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Jijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
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12
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Tauber J, Imbri D, Opatz T. Radical addition to iminium ions and cationic heterocycles. Molecules 2014; 19:16190-222. [PMID: 25310148 PMCID: PMC6270771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-centered radicals represent highly useful reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. Their nucleophilic character is reflected by fast additions to electron deficient C=X double bonds as present in iminium ions or cationic heterocycles. This review covers diverse reactions of preformed or in situ-generated cationic substrates with various types of C-radicals, including alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, acyl, carbamoyl, and alkoxycarbonyl species. Despite its high reactivity, the strong interaction of the radical's SOMO with the LUMO of the cation frequently results in a high regioselectivity. Intra- and intermolecular processes such as the Minisci reaction, the Porta reaction, and the Knabe rearrangement will be discussed along with transition metal and photoredox catalysis or electrochemical methods to generate the odd-electron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tauber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Imbri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Attia MI, Maklad YA, Aboutabl ME, Ragab F, Abd El-Hamid WHA. Anticonvulsant profiles of certain new 6-aryl-9-substituted-6,9-diazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8,10-diones and 1-aryl-4-substituted-1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diones. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16911-35. [PMID: 25250910 PMCID: PMC4200821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and anticonvulsant potential of certain new 6-aryl-9-substituted-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-diones (6a–l) and 1-aryl-4-substituted-1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diones (6m–x) are reported. The intermediates 1-[(aryl)(cyanomethyl)amino]cycloalkanecarboxamides (3a–f) were prepared via adopting Strecker synthesis on the proper cycloalkanone followed by partial hydrolysis of the obtained nitrile functionality and subsequent N-cyanomethylation. Compounds 3a–f were subjected to complete nitrile hydrolysis to give the respective carboxylic acid derivatives 4a–f which were cyclized under mild conditions to give the spiro compounds 5a–f. Ultimately, compounds 5a–f were alkylated or aralkylated to give the target compounds 6a–i and 6m–u. On the other hand, compounds 6j–l and 6v–x were synthesized from the intermediates 5a–f through alkylation, dehydration and finally tetrazole ring formation. Anticonvulsant screening of the target compounds 6a–x revealed that compound 6g showed an ED50 of 0.0043 mmol/kg in the scPTZ screen, being about 14 and 214 fold more potent than the reference drugs, Phenobarbital (ED50 = 0.06 mmol/kg) and Ethosuximide (ED50 = 0.92 mmol/kg), respectively. Compound 6e exhibited an ED50 of 0.019 mmol/kg, being about 1.8 fold more potent than that of the reference drug, Diphenylhydantoin (ED50 = 0.034 mmol/kg) in the MES screen. Interestingly, all the test compounds 6a–x did not show any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administered dose in the neurotoxicity screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Medicinal Chemistry Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Aida A El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Medicinal Chemistry Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Medicinal Chemistry Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Yousreya A Maklad
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group) Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group) Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Walaa H A Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt.
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14
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Yang J, Cao Z, Qi Y. Initiator/TiCl4 initiated cationic polymerization of pyrolysis gasoline distillate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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15
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Zhang L, Deng Y, Shi F. Light promoted aqueous phase amine synthesis via three-component coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Rossi B, Prosperini S, Pastori N, Clerici A, Punta C. New advances in titanium-mediated free radical reactions. Molecules 2012; 17:14700-32. [PMID: 23519248 PMCID: PMC6268425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium complexes have been widely used as catalysts for C‑C bond-forming processes via free-radical routes. Herein we provide an overview of some of the most significant contributions in the field, that covers the last decade, emphasizing the key role played by titanium salts in the promotion of selective reactions aimed at the synthesis of multifunctional organic compounds, including nucleophilic radical additions to imines, pinacol and coupling reactions, ring opening of epoxides and living polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; E-Mails: (B.R.); (S.P.); (N.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Simona Prosperini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; E-Mails: (B.R.); (S.P.); (N.P.); (A.C.)
- INSTM (National Consortium for Materials Science and Technology) Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Pastori
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; E-Mails: (B.R.); (S.P.); (N.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Clerici
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; E-Mails: (B.R.); (S.P.); (N.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; E-Mails: (B.R.); (S.P.); (N.P.); (A.C.)
- INSTM (National Consortium for Materials Science and Technology) Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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17
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Rossi B, Pastori N, Clerici A, Punta C. Free-radical hydroxymethylation of ketimines generated in situ: a one-pot multicomponent synthesis of β,β-disubstituted-β-aminoalcohols. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Prosperini S, Pastori N, Ghilardi A, Clerici A, Punta C. New domino radical synthesis of aminoalcohols promoted by TiCl4-Zn/t-BuOOH system: selective hydroxyalkylation of amines in alcohol or in cyclic ether cosolvents. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3759-67. [PMID: 21479301 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a new and fast domino synthesis of aminoalcohols under mild conditions. The free-radical reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with alcohol cosolvents is promoted by means of the TiCl(4)-Zn/t-BuOOH system. According to the proposed mechanism, the amine reacts with two molecules of alcohol in an electrophilic-nucleophilic cascade process. This procedure, if compared with the TiCl(3)/t-BuOOH-mediated protocol previously reported, appears to be more selective, of more general applicability and affords the desired products in higher yields. Besides, with the same catalytic system it was possible to promote the reaction of primary arylamines with two molecules of cyclic ether, leading to the formation of a wider range of functionalized aminoalcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Prosperini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Sezione Chimica, Milano, Italy
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