1
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An C, Bi H, Wang SR. Aromatic Homo-Nazarov-Type Cyclization of Benzonorcaradienes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Hydrochrysenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2670-2674. [PMID: 36753613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Formal homo-Nazarov cyclization of benzonorcaradienes produced by intramolecular hydroarylation of arylated alkynylcyclopropanes promoted by TfOH has been described, providing stereoselective access to highly substituted hydrochrysenes. An unprecedented 1,2-acyl migration occurred for the 2-heteroaroyl substrates, thus giving the same products as their 3-heteroaroyl analogs. Moreover, these products could be readily oxidized by air to fully π-conjugated chrysenes after decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun An
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongyan Bi
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sunewang R Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
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2
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Shi Q, Liao Z, Liu Z, Wen J, Li C, He J, Deng J, Cen S, Cao T, Zhou J, Zhu S. Divergent synthesis of benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones via dearomative rearrangement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4402. [PMID: 35906217 PMCID: PMC9338057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dearomative functionalization of aromatic compounds represents a fascinating but challenging transformation, as it typically needs to overcome a great kinetic barrier. Here, a catalyst-free dearomative rearrangement of o-nitrophenyl alkyne is successfully established by leveraging the remote oxygen transposition and a weak N-O bond acceleration. This reaction features high atom-, step- and redox-economy, which provides a divergent entry to a series of biologically important benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a tandem oxygen transfer cyclization/(3 + 2) cycloaddition/(homo-)hetero-Claisen rearrangement reaction. The resulting polycyclic system is richly decorated with transformable functionalities, such as carbonyl, imine and diene, which enables diversity-oriented synthesis of alkaloid-like polycyclic framework. The dearomative functionalization of aromatic compounds represents a challenging transformation, as it typically needs to overcome a great kinetic barrier. Here, the authors disclose a weak-bond-accelerated, catalyst-free dearomative [3,3]-rearrangement of o-nitrophenyl alkyne for the divergent synthesis of benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones via remote oxygen transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhehui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiazhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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3
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Thangamalar S, Thangamani M, Srinivasan K. The Cloke-Wilson rearrangement of aroyl-substituted donor-acceptor cylopropanes containing arylethyl donors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3145-3153. [PMID: 35343561 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes containing alkyl donors has been scantily investigated. In the present work, we have synthesized new D-A cyclopropanes containing arylethyl donors and explored their reactivity in the presence of Lewis acids. Upon treatment with SnCl4, these cyclopropanes underwent the Cloke-Wilson rearrangement to yield 3,4,5-trisubstituted γ-butyrolactones in good yields with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murugesan Thangamani
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannupal Srinivasan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Saito T, Shimizu Y, Araki Y, Ohgami Y, Kitazawa Y, Nishii Y. From Enantioenriched Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropylcarbinols to Axially Chiral Arylnaphthalenes through Aryldihydronaphthalenes: Central‐to‐Axial Chirality Exchange. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386–8567 Japan
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386–8567 Japan
| | - Yusuke Araki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386–8567 Japan
| | - Yoshino Ohgami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386–8567 Japan
| | - Yu Kitazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386–8567 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386–8567 Japan
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5
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Chen J, Wen K, Wu Y, Deng J, Chen H, Yao X, Tang X. Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Triarylcyclohexanones from Dienones and 2‐Methylquinolines Based on a [5+1] Annulation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Kangmei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Yinrong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Jie Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Hongyue Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Xingang Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
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6
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Kimaru N, Komatsuki K, Saito K, Yamada T. Decarboxylation-triggered homo-Nazarov cyclization of cyclic enol carbonates catalyzed by rhenium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6133-6136. [PMID: 34042121 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative homo-Nazarov cyclization catalyzed by a Lewis acid was achieved using a cyclic enol carbonate bearing a cyclopropane moiety as a substrate. Various substrates were converted into the corresponding multi-substituted cyclohexenones in good yields via decarboxylation, followed by 6-membered ring formation involving cyclopropane-ring-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kimaru
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Komatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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7
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Zhmurov PA, Dar’in DV, Bakulina OY, Krasavin M. One-pot preparation of methyl 2-diazo-3-oxopropionates comprising an aqueous ‘sulfonyl-azide-free’ (SAFE) diazo transfer step. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Rouhani M. A detailed computational investigation on the structural and spectroscopic properties of propolisbenzofuran B. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02518. [PMID: 31667379 PMCID: PMC6812197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation deals with some structural and spectroscopic aspects of propolisbenzofuran B molecule as one of the most important bioactive molecules which exists in the bee propolis composition. FT-IR vibrational analysis carried-out at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of the theory. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift have been predicted with GIAO method. TD- DFT calculations have been established to predict the UV- Vis spectral analysis for propolisbenzofuran B molecule. The detailed structural analysis such as electronic characterization, HOMO and LUMO, DOS plot, Molecular Electronic Potential (MEP), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) are performed and discussed for studied molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Rouhani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Wang D, Zhao J, Chen J, Xu Q, Li H. Intramolecular Arylative Ring Opening of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes in the Presence of Triflic Acid: Synthesis of 9
H
‐Fluorenes and 9,10‐Dihydrophenanthrenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Microchemistry No.15 Xinjiangongmen Road, Haidian District Beijing 100091 China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
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10
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Gopinath P, Chandrasekaran S. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Doubly Activated Cyclopropanes: Synthesis and Reactivity. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190213114604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diactivated cyclopropanes containing two geminal electron withdrawing
groups, commonly called as ‘Doubly Activated Cyclopropanes’ are useful synthons for
the synthesis of many interesting natural products and functionalized molecules. These
geminal electron withdrawing groups (EWG’s) facilitate the regioselective ring opening of
cyclopropanes by polarizing the C-C bond adjacent to it. This polarization also allows
them to undergo 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reactions when substituted with a suitable electron
donor substituent at the adjacent carbon (donor-acceptor cyclopropanes) in the presence
of suitable dipolarophiles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the
chemistry of doubly activated cyclopropanes: their synthesis, reactions and applications in
total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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11
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Nishii Y. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis Using Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes via S N1 or S N2 Mechanism on the Occasion of Cyclopropane Ring-opening. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nishii
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Materials, Applied Molecular Chemistry Course, Shinshu University
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12
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Tomilov YV, Menchikov LG, Novikov RA, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolluru Srinivas
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Chepuri V. Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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14
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Sudhakar G, Mahesh SK, Vemulapalli SPB, Nanubolu JB. Nazarov Cyclization and Tandem [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2017; 19:4500-4503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangarajula Sudhakar
- Department of CPC (Organic Chemistry-II), ‡Centre for NMR and
Structural Chemistry, §Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - S. K. Mahesh
- Department of CPC (Organic Chemistry-II), ‡Centre for NMR and
Structural Chemistry, §Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - S. Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- Department of CPC (Organic Chemistry-II), ‡Centre for NMR and
Structural Chemistry, §Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Department of CPC (Organic Chemistry-II), ‡Centre for NMR and
Structural Chemistry, §Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
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15
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Sasazawa K, Takada S, Yubune T, Takaki N, Ota R, Nishii Y. Stereochemical Courses and Mechanisms of Ring-opening Cyclization of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropylcarbinols and Cyclization of 7-Benzyloxy Dibenzyl Lignan Lactones. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sasazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567
| | - Seijiro Takada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567
| | - Toshihide Yubune
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567
| | - Naoya Takaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567
| | - Ryotaro Ota
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567
| | - Yoshinori Nishii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567
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16
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McLarney BD, Cavitt MA, Donnell TM, Musaev DG, France S. Rh II -Catalyzed β-C(sp 2 )-H Alkylation of Enol Ethers, Enamides and Enecarbamates with α-Diazo Dicarbonyl Compounds. Chemistry 2017; 23:1129-1135. [PMID: 27966244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A RhII -catalyzed method for intermolecular alkylation of the β-C(sp2 )-H bond of enol ethers, enamides, and enecarbamates with α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is reported. The products are formed in up to 99 % yield and can be readily derivatized under a variety of conditions. By utilizing a combination of experimental and computational studies, the presumptive addition-elimination reaction mechanism was investigated and found to proceed under thermodynamic control at higher temperature. The acquired fundamental knowledge was translated into a strategic reaction design and yielded the first example of the β-C-H functionalizations of acyclic enol ethers using α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D McLarney
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Marchello A Cavitt
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Theodore M Donnell
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.,Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
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17
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Takada S, Takaki N, Yamada K, Nishii Y. A formal homo-Nazarov cyclization of enantioenriched donor–acceptor cyclopropanes and following transformations: asymmetric synthesis of multi-substituted dihydronaphthalenes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2443-2449. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-substituted trans-dihydronaphthalenes were obtained in high ee from a TiCl4-mediated cyclization of enantioenriched D–A cyclopropanes, followed by a triflation of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Takada
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 386-8567
- Japan
| | - Naoya Takaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 386-8567
- Japan
| | - Kenta Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 386-8567
- Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 386-8567
- Japan
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18
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Aponte-Guzmán J, Phun LH, Cavitt MA, Taylor JE, Davy JC, France S. Catalytic, Cascade Ring-Opening Benzannulations of 2,3-Dihydrofuran O,O- and N,O-Acetals. Chemistry 2016; 22:10405-9. [PMID: 27136896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An Al(OTf)3 -catalyzed intramolecular cascade ring-opening benzannulation of 2,3-dihydrofuran O,O- and N,O-acetals is described. The cascade sequence involves the dihydrofuran ring-opening by acetal hydrolysis, an intramolecular Prins-type cyclization, and aromatization to generate an array of benzo-fused (hetero)aromatic systems in up to 95 % yield. This method represents the first example of dihydrofuran acetal usage in benzannulation reactions. The approach provides excellent regiocontrol based on the choice of alkenes used to form the requisite dihydrofuran acetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Aponte-Guzmán
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Lien H Phun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Marchello A Cavitt
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - J Evans Taylor
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Jack C Davy
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Stefan France
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA. .,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The first examples of a photochemically induced vinylogous Nazarov-type cyclization forming a cycloheptadienone core are described. The reaction can be included in a three-step cascade consisting of a photochemical isoxazole-azirine ring contraction, cobalt(II)-catalyzed ring expansion, and the photochemical cyclization. Furthermore, the first representative of the hitherto unknown 1-azatricyclo[2.2.0.0(2,6)]hexanes has been identified as a side product of the azirine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pusch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Reyes Y, Mead KT. Acetoxy-Substituted Cyclopropane Dicarbonyls as Stable Donor-Acceptor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2016; 47:3020-3026. [PMID: 27152053 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1379934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A study of cyclopropanations of oxy-substituted ethenes with ethyl α-diazoaroyl acetates is described. Whereas trimethylsilyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether gave dihydrofuran products, stable cyclopropanes were isolated when vinyl acetate was used. Yields ranged from 0-87%, depending on the nature and position of the aryl ring substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaira Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Keith T Mead
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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21
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Martin≠ MC, Shenje≠ R, France S. The Catalytic, Formal Homo‐Nazarov Cyclization as a Template for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cynthia Martin≠
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA
| | - Raynold Shenje≠
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Drive Atlanta Georgia 30332 USA
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22
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Liu C, Zhou L, Huang W, Wang M, Gu Y. Synthesis of dihydrocarbazoles via (4+2) annulation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes to indoles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Abstract
A one-pot asymmetric synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles has been developed via an enantioselective [3 + 3] annulation of 2-alkynylindoles and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. In the presence of chiral Lewis acids as catalysts, a series of optically active tetrahydrocarbazoles were furnished in high yields (63-87%) with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Jie Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Guang Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
| | - Yong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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He C, Wang J, Gu Z. BF3·OEt2-Promoted Synthesis of 2,3-Metallocenocyclohexanones: A 1,2-Hydride Shift and Cationic Cyclization Strategy. J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congfa He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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25
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Daneshfar Z, Rostami A. Cellulose sulfonic acid as a green, efficient, and reusable catalyst for Nazarov cyclization of unactivated dienones and pyrazoline synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19773b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high yielding and eco-friendly procedure for the preparation of cyclopentenoid and pyrazoline derivatives via cellulose sulfonic acid-mediated electrocyclization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Daneshfar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Tehran
- I. R. Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Tehran
- I. R. Iran
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26
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Shenje R, Williams CW, Francois KM, France S. Catalysis and Chemodivergence in the Interrupted, Formal Homo-Nazarov Cyclization Using Allylsilanes. Org Lett 2014; 16:6468-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raynold Shenje
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Corey W. Williams
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Katherine M. Francois
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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27
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Zhu YP, Cai Q, Jia FC, Liu MC, Gao QH, Meng XG, Wu AX. Electronic tuning cyclization of aryl-1,4-enediones: AlCl3-mediated Nazarov-type cyclization to synthesize polysubstituted-1-indanones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Shenje R, Martin MC, France S. A catalytic diastereoselective formal [5+2] cycloaddition approach to azepino[1,2-a]indoles: putative donor-acceptor cyclobutanes as reactive intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13907-11. [PMID: 25339510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic formal [5+2] cycloaddition approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of azepino[1,2-a]indoles is reported. The reaction presumably proceeds through a Lewis acid catalyzed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of an alkene with an N-indolyl alkylidene β-amide ester to form a donor-acceptor cyclobutane intermediate, which subsequently undergoes an intramolecular ring-opening cyclization. Azepine products are formed in up to 92% yield with high degrees of diastereoselectivity (up to 34:1 d.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynold Shenje
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology (USA)
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29
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Shenje R, Martin MC, France S. A Catalytic Diastereoselective Formal [5+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Azepino[1,2-a]indoles: Putative Donor-Acceptor Cyclobutanes as Reactive Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Aponte-Guzmán J, Taylor JE, Tillman E, France S. Catalytic, Formal Homo-Nazarov-Type Cyclizations of Alkylidene Cyclopropane-1,1-Ketoesters: Access to Functionalized Arenes and Heteroaromatics. Org Lett 2014; 16:3788-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501676q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Aponte-Guzmán
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J. Evans Taylor
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elayna Tillman
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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31
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Chagarovsky AO, Budynina EM, Ivanova OA, Villemson EV, Rybakov VB, Trushkov IV, Melnikov MY. Reaction of Corey Ylide with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones: Tuning of Chemoselectivity toward Dihydrofuran Synthesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:2830-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500877c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey O. Chagarovsky
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory
of Chemical Synthesis, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina M. Budynina
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory
of Chemical Synthesis, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga A. Ivanova
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V. Villemson
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor V. Trushkov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory
of Chemical Synthesis, Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ya. Melnikov
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie
gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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32
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Schneider TF, Kaschel J, Werz DB. A New Golden Age for Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5504-23. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 789] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter in der Chemie Donor-Akzeptor-substituierter Cyclopropane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Martin MC, Patil DV, France S. Functionalized 4-Carboxy- and 4-Keto-2,3-dihydropyrroles via Ni(II)-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Amine Ring-Opening Cyclizations of Cyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3030-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cynthia Martin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dadasaheb V. Patil
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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35
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Yadav VK, Naganaboina VK, Hulikal V. Allylsilane-interrupted homo-Nazarov cyclization and synthesis of bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Abstract
This review discusses novel Nazarov cyclization variations and their application to the synthesis of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Di Grandi
- Department of Natural Sciences
- Fordham University at Lincoln Center
- New York, USA
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37
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Cavitt MA, Phun LH, France S. Intramolecular donor–acceptor cyclopropane ring-opening cyclizations. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:804-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of propolisbenzofuran B, a bioactive natural product isolated from honeybee propolis resin, is reported. The convergent synthesis makes use of a silicon-tether controlled oxidative ketone-ketone cross-coupling and a novel benzofuran-generating cascade reaction to deliver the core structure of the natural product from readily prepared precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Christopher T Avetta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 USA
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39
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Naredla RR, Klumpp DA. Contemporary Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6905-48. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Reddy Naredla
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
| | - Douglas A. Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
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40
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Dandia A, Jain AK, Sharma S. Indium triflate catalyzed one-pot multicomponent synthesis of spiro-hexahydropyrimidines explained by multiple covalent bond formation. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Scully SS, Porco JA. Studies toward the synthesis of the epoxykinamycin FL-120B': discovery of a decarbonylative photocyclization. Org Lett 2012; 14:2646-9. [PMID: 22571279 DOI: 10.1021/ol3010563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photo-Friedel-Crafts acylation of a naphthoquinone was attempted in an effort to access a diazobenzofluorenone en route to the epoxykinamycin natural product FL-120B'. Photoirradiation of the naphthoquinone substrate which resulted in the unexpected formation of a tetracyclic naphthofuran via a decarbonylative photocyclization process is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Scully
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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42
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Phun LH, Aponte-Guzman J, France S. Indium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Cyclopropene-3,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: Efficient Access to Benzo-Fused Heteroaromatics and Heterobiaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3198-202. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Phun LH, Aponte-Guzman J, France S. Indium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Cyclopropene-3,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: Efficient Access to Benzo-Fused Heteroaromatics and Heterobiaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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France S, V. Patil D, A. Cavitt M. Diastereoselective Synthesis of (±)-Deethyleburnamonine Using a Catalytic Cyclopropane Ring-Opening / Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Strategy. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Yeung KS, Peng XS, Wu J, Hou XL. Five-Membered Ring Systems: Furans and Benzofurans. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096807-0.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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De Simone F, Saget T, Benfatti F, Almeida S, Waser J. Formal Homo-Nazarov and Other Cyclization Reactions of Activated Cyclopropanes. Chemistry 2011; 17:14527-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Patil DV, Cavitt MA, Grzybowski P, France S. An efficient synthesis of hydropyrido[1,2-a]indole-6(7H)-ones via an In(iii)-catalyzed tandem cyclopropane ring-opening/Friedel–Crafts alkylation sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10278-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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