1
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Zheng LS, Nian H, Wang SM, Wang YF, Jiang W, Wang LL, Yang LP. Acid/base responsive pseudo[3]rotaxanes from amine naphthotubes and bis-pyridinium/isoquinolinium guests. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7996-8001. [PMID: 39248715 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel cooperative pseudo[3]rotaxane system was successfully constructed by the inclusion complexation of two identical amine naphthotubes with a bis-pyridinium/isoquinolinium guest. Single crystal structure analysis revealed that weak Csp3-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the two hosts are responsible for the positive cooperativity during the formation of pseudo[3]rotaxanes. Moreover, intermolecular charge-transfer interactions between the electron-rich host and the electron-poor guests were observed. The pseudo[3]rotaxanes showed pH-controllable association/dissociation processes with naked-eye color changes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shuo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Nian
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song-Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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2
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Investigating the synthesis and structure of [2]pseudorotaxanes assembled by crown ether as wheel component and dual-cation axle with phosphonium and ammonium cations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Pearce N, Tarnowska M, Andersen NJ, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3915-3941. [PMID: 35440998 PMCID: PMC8985514 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component are reviewed. The variety of rotaxane and catenane structures that use the handcuff motif to interlock different components are discussed and a new nomenclature, distilling diverse terminologies to a single approach, is proposed. By unifying the interpretation of this class of molecules we identify new opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures. Mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component provide a pathway to highly unusual structures, a new nomenclature is proposed which helps to identify opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Marysia Tarnowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nathan J Andersen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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4
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Chemo-Enzymatic Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Facilitated with Lipases Immobilized in the Supported Ionic Liquid Phase. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133443. [PMID: 34206178 PMCID: PMC8269471 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for chemo-enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones in the presence of supported ionic liquid-like phase biocatalyst was designed. In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were applied as a support for ionic liquids which were anchored to nanotubes covalently by amide or imine bonds. Next, lipases B from Candida antarctica, Candida rugosa, or Aspergillus oryzae were immobilized on the prepared materials. The biocatalysts were characterized using various techniques, like thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy, XPS, elemental analysis, and SEM-EDS microscopy. In the proposed approach, a biocatalyst consisting of a lipase as an active phase allowed the generation of peracid in situ from the corresponding precursor and a green oxidant–hydrogen peroxide. The activity and stability of the obtained biocatalysts in the model oxidation of 2-adamantanone were demonstrated. High conversion of substrate (92%) was achieved under favorable conditions (toluene: n-octanoic acid ratio 1:1 = v:v, 35% aq. H2O2 2 eq., 0.080 g of biocatalyst per 1 mmol of ketone at 20 °C, reaction time 4 h) with four reaction cycles without a drop in its activity. Our ‘properties-by-design’ approach is distinguished by its short reaction time at low temperature and higher thermal stability in comparison with other biocatalysts presented in the literature reports.
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5
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Bazzoni M, Andreoni L, Silvi S, Credi A, Cera G, Secchi A, Arduini A. Selective access to constitutionally identical, orientationally isomeric calix[6]arene-based [3]rotaxanes by an active template approach. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6419-6428. [PMID: 34084442 PMCID: PMC8115267 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris(phenylureido)calix[6]arene is endowed with unique properties that make it a valuable macrocyclic component for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules. Its three-dimensional and intrinsically nonsymmetric structure is kinetically selective toward two processes: (i) in apolar media, the threading of bipyridinium based axle-like components takes place exclusively from the upper rim; (ii) SN2 alkylation reactions of a pyridylpyridinium precursor engulfed in the cavity occur selectively at pyridylpyridinium nitrogen atom located at the macrocycle upper rim (active template synthesis). Here we exploit such properties to prepare two series of [3]rotaxanes, each consisting of three sequence isomers that arise from the threading of two identical but nonsymmetric wheels on a symmetric thread differing only for the reciprocal orientation of the macrocycles. The features of the calix[6]arene and the active template synthetic approach, together with a careful selection of the precursors, enabled us to selectively synthesise the [3]rotaxane sequence isomers of each series with fast kinetics and high yields. Expedient access to a series of spatially controlled oriented [3]rotaxane isomers via a metal-free active template approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Leonardo Andreoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 I-40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 I-40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 101 I-40129 Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 I-40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A I-43124 Parma Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A I-43124 Parma Italy
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6
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Iuliano V, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Hickey N, Geremia S, Vatsouro I, Kovalev V, Neri P. Influence of exo-Adamantyl Groups and endo-OH Functions on the Threading of Calix[6]arene Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12585-12593. [PMID: 32900204 PMCID: PMC8011915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Calix[6]arenes
bearing adamantyl groups at the exo-rim form pseudorotaxanes
with dialkylammonium axles paired to the
weakly coordinating [B(ArF)4]− anion. The exo-adamantyl groups give rise to a
more efficient threading with respect to the exo-tert-butyl ones, leading to apparent association constants
more than one order of magnitude higher. This improved stability has
been ascribed to the more favorable van der Waals interactions of exo-adamantyls versus exo-tert-butyls with the cationic axle. Calix[6]arenes bearing endo-OH functions give rise to a less efficient threading with respect
to the endo-OR ones, in line with what was known
from the complexation of alkali metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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7
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Abstract
Two classes of mechanically interlocked molecules, [3]rotaxanes and knotted [1]rotaxanes, were the subject of this investigation. The necessary building blocks, alkyne-terminated axles containing two ammonium ions and azide-terminated stoppers, and azide-containing substituted macrocycles, have been synthesized and characterized. Different [3]rotaxanes were synthesized by copper-catalyzed “click” reactions between the azide stoppers and [3]pseudorotaxanes formed from the dialkyne axles and crown ethers (DB24C8). Methylation of the triazoles formed by the “click” reaction introduced a second binding site, and switching via deprotonation/protonation was investigated. In preliminary tests for the synthesis of a knotted [1]rotaxane, pseudorotaxanes were formed from azide-containing substituted macrocycles and dialkyne substituted diammonium axles, and copper-catalyzed “click” reactions were carried out. Mass spectral analyses showed successful double “click” reactions between two modified macrocycles and one axle. Whether a knotted [1]rotaxane was formed could not be determined.
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8
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Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cone-shaped molecular rings that have been widely employed in supramolecular/host–guest chemistry because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, stability, wide availability in multiple sizes, and their promiscuity for binding a range of molecular guests in water. Consequently, CD-based host–guest complexes are often employed as templates for the synthesis of mechanically bonded molecules (mechanomolecules) such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and polyrotaxanes in particular. The conical shape and cyclodirectionality of the CD “bead” gives rise to a symmetry-breaking effect when it is threaded onto a molecular “string”; even symmetrical guests are rendered asymmetric by the presence of an encircling CD host. This review focuses on the stereochemical implications of this symmetry-breaking effect in mechanomolecules, including orientational isomerism, mechanically planar chirality, and topological chirality, as well as how they support applications in regioselective and stereoselective chemical synthesis, the design of molecular machine prototypes, and the development of advanced materials.
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9
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Pisagatti I, Barbera L, Gattuso G, Parisi MF, Geremia S, Hickey N, Notti A. Guest-length driven high fidelity self-sorting in supramolecular capsule formation of calix[5]arenes in water. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Only homocapsules 1⊃NC8N⊂1 and 2⊃NC10N⊂2 are selectively formed out of ten potentially different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Lucia Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
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10
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Calix[6]arene-based atropoisomeric pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2112-2124. [PMID: 30202465 PMCID: PMC6122310 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some examples of atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes in which the isomerism arises by the different conformations adopted by the wheel are reported here. Upon threading hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 1 with ammonium axles 2+ or 3+, bearing biphenyl or trifluoromethylbenzyl moieties, respectively, two atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes were formed in which the calix[6]-wheel 1 adopts the 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations. The interconversion between them cannot be obtained by simple rotation around the ArCH2Ar bonds of the calixarene wheel, which is blocked by the presence of the axle inside its cavity. Therefore, it can only be obtained through a mechanism of de-threading/re-threading of the axle. In all the examined cases, the 1,2,3-alternate and cone atropoisomers are, respectively, the kinetic and the thermodynamic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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11
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Directional Shuttling of a Stimuli-Responsive Cone-Like Macrocycle on a Single-State Symmetric Dumbbell Axle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Cui JS, Ba QK, Ke H, Valkonen A, Rissanen K, Jiang W. Directional Shuttling of a Stimuli-Responsive Cone-Like Macrocycle on a Single-State Symmetric Dumbbell Axle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7809-7814. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Shun Cui
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
- College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qian-Kai Ba
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hua Ke
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla, Nanoscience Center; P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Jyvaskyla, Nanoscience Center; P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Southern University of Science and Technology; Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
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13
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Talotta C, Caruso T, De Rosa M, Gaeta C, Soriente A, Neri P. Threading fluorescent calixarene-wheels with ammonium axles. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1424852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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14
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De Simone NA, Schettini R, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Izzo I, Della Sala G, Neri P. Directing the Cation Recognition Ability of Calix[4]arenes toward Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessandro De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano (Salerno) Italy
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15
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Dasgupta S, Mukherjee PS. Carboxylatopillar[n]arenes: a versatile class of water soluble synthetic receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:762-772. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02214f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylatopillar[n]arenes (CP[n]As, n = 5, 6, 7, 9, 10) constitute a family of water soluble synthetic receptors. These receptors are excellent hosts for a wide range of cationic organic molecules and have shown promising application in the fields of stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies, targeted drug delivery vehicles and sensors. Analogous metal-coordinated prismatic structures have shown excellent affinities for analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-800005
- India
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16
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Wang HX, Hu SZ, Shi Q, Chen CF. Complexation between a triptycene-derived oxacalixarene and π-extended viologens: linker-length-dependent orientation of the macrocycles in pseudo[3]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10481-10488. [PMID: 27761549 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02093c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With an expanded electron-rich cavity and a fixed conformation, macrocycle H was found to encapsulate π-extended viologens G1-G4 to form the first case of pseudo[3]rotaxanes based on oxacalixarenes. The complexation was investigated in detail both in solution and in the solid state using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Due to the three-dimensional nonsymmetric structure of H, three orientational isomers of the pseudorotaxanes could be expected theoretically. However, as the crystal structure analysis revealed, only one of the three isomers was obtained with either G1 or G3. Moreover, with regard to the different lengths of the linkers in the guest molecules, completely opposite orientations of the macrocycles on the axles were observed, which could be explained by different complexation modes between the components in the pseudo[3]rotaxanes. Additionally, the complexation between the host and the guest could be reversibly switched on and off using a suitable acid and base. These results will provide us with the opportunity to design and elaborately regulate high-order molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Talotta C, Gaeta C, De Rosa M, Ascenso JR, Marcos PM, Neri P. Alkylammonium Guest Induced-Fit Recognition by a Flexible Dihomooxacalix[4]arene Derivative. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Wang HX, Meng Z, Xiang JF, Xia YX, Sun Y, Hu SZ, Chen H, Yao J, Chen CF. Guest-dependent directional complexation based on triptycene derived oxacalixarene: formation of oriented rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:469-474. [PMID: 29899891 PMCID: PMC5964692 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes in the guest cause inversion of the dominant threading direction in triptycene derived oxacalixarene with different semi-cavities.
The manipulation of supramolecular devices to carry out sophisticated and programmed tasks is bound up with the spatial allocation of their components, especially the threading direction of the guest, which controls the host–guest orientation in the device. However, insights are needed to probe more possibilities for steering the threading direction. We have developed a new system consisting of a three-dimensional nonsymmetric oxacalixarene (H) with a fixed comformation and (bi)pyridinium salts (G1–G3), in which we found that based on the intrinsic discrepancies between the two semi-cavities of H, the electron densities of the axles greatly affect the threading direction. This was unequivocally demonstrated by NMR spectra and single crystal structures. With elaborate design, unidirectional threading was achieved, resulting in an oriented rotaxane. Therefore, we describe a new approach in which the threading direction and final orientation may be finely controlled by adjustment of the structure of the guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yihua Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shu-Zhen Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiannian Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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19
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Talotta C, De Simone NA, Gaeta C, Neri P. Calix[6]arene Threading with Weakly Interacting Tertiary Ammonium Axles: Generation of Chiral Pseudorotaxane Architectures. Org Lett 2015; 17:1006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Alessandro De Simone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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20
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Dasgupta S, Chowdhury A, Mukherjee PS. Binding of carboxylatopillar[5]arene with alkyl and aryl ammonium salts in aqueous medium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl ammonium salts exhibited strong binding with carboxylatopillar[5]arene in aqueous medium which resulted in the formation of pseudo[2]rotaxane and pseudo[3]rotaxane species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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21
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Liu Y, Chipot C, Shao X, Cai W. What causes tumbling of altro-α-CD derivatives? Insight from computer simulations. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous tumbling of altro-α-CD derivatives stems from the solvent and the side chain. Simulation results provide a theoretical basis for design of novel rotaxane-based molecular reels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Laboratoire International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 7565
- Université de Lorraine
- 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex
- France
| | - Xueguang Shao
- College of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
| | - Wensheng Cai
- College of Chemistry
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
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22
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Pseudorotaxane orientational stereoisomerism driven by π-electron density. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9917-20. [PMID: 25033221 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04668d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo[2]rotaxane orientational isomers were formed in a stereocontrolled way by exploiting the electron-withdrawing (EW) or electron-donating (ED) effects of para-substituted dibenzylammonium axles threaded through the π-electron rich calixarene cavity, which allow the fine tuning of the weak π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ciao
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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24
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Ciao R, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Margarucci L, Casapullo A, Neri P. An oriented handcuff rotaxane. Org Lett 2013; 15:5694-7. [PMID: 24180584 DOI: 10.1021/ol4026974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The first example of an oriented handcuff rotaxane has been obtained by through-the-annulus threading of a double-calix[6]arene system with a bis-ammonium axle. The relative orientation of the two calix-wheels can be predefined by exploiting the "endo-alkyl rule" which controls the directionality of the threading of alkylbenzylammonium axles with calixarene macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ciao
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy, and Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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25
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Sun S, Shi JB, Dong YP, Lin C, Hu XY, Wang LY. A pillar[5]arene-based side-chain pseudorotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes as novel fluorescent sensors for the selective detection of halogen ions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Lee S, Chen CH, Flood AH. A pentagonal cyanostar macrocycle with cyanostilbene CH donors binds anions and forms dialkylphosphate [3]rotaxanes. Nat Chem 2013. [PMID: 23881503 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1668;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of crown ethers, macrocycles have been recognized as powerful platforms for supramolecular chemistry. Although their numbers and variations are now legion, macrocycles that are simple to make using high-yielding reactions in one pot and on the multigram scale are rare. Here we present such a discovery obtained during the creation of a C5-symmetric cyanostilbene 'campestarene' macrocycle, cyanostar, that employs Knoevenagel condensations in the preparation of its cyanostilbene repeat unit. In the solid state, cyanostars form π-stacked dimers constituted of chiral P and M enantiomers. The electropositive central cavity stabilizes anions with CH hydrogen-bonding units that are activated by electron-withdrawing cyano groups. In solution, the cyanostar shows high-affinity binding as 2:1 sandwich complexes, log β2 ≈ 12 and ΔG ≈ -70 kJ mol(-1), of large anions (BF4(-), ClO4(-) and PF6(-)) usually considered weakly coordinating. The cyanostar's size preference allowed formation of an unprecedented [3]rotaxane templated around a dialkylphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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27
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Margarucci L, Casapullo A, Neri P. Through-the-annulus threading of the larger calix[8]arene macrocycle. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7627-38. [PMID: 23834296 DOI: 10.1021/jo401206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A complete study of the through-the-annulus threading of the larger calix[8]arene macrocycle with di-n-alkylammonium cations has been performed in the presence of the "superweak" TFPB counterion. Thus, it was found that such threading occurs only upon partial preorganization of the calix[8]arene macroring by intramolecular bridging. In particular, 1,5-bridged calix[8]arenes with a meta- or para-xylylene bridge (2 and 3) gave pseudo[2]rotaxanes in which one dialkylammonium axle (4a-4e(+)) was threaded into one of the two subcavities of the calix[8]-wheel. Conformational studies by using chemical shift surface maps and DFT calculations evidenced a 3/4-cone geometry for these subcavities. Higher pseudorotaxane K(ass) values were obtained for calix[8]-wheels 2 and 3, with respect to calix[6]-host 1a, due to the cooperative effect of their two subcavities. Dynamic NMR studies on calix[8]-pseudorotaxanes evidenced a direct correlation between K(ass) (and ΔG(ass)) values and energy barriers for calix inversion due to the effectiveness of thread templation. In accordance with DFT calculations, an endo-alkyl preference, over the endo-benzyl one, was observed by threading calix[8]-wheel 3 with the directional n-butylbenzylammonium axle 4d(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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28
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Lee S, Chen CH, Flood AH. A pentagonal cyanostar macrocycle with cyanostilbene CH donors binds anions and forms dialkylphosphate [3]rotaxanes. Nat Chem 2013; 5:704-10. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Talotta C, Gaeta C, Qi Z, Schalley CA, Neri P. Pseudorotaxanes with Self-Sorted Sequence and Stereochemical Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Talotta C, Gaeta C, Qi Z, Schalley CA, Neri P. Pseudorotaxanes with Self-Sorted Sequence and Stereochemical Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7437-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Han C, Gao L, Yu G, Zhang Z, Dong S, Huang F. Synthesis of a Difunctionalized Pillar[6]arene and Its Complexation with an Ammonium Salt Coupled to a Weakly Coordinating Counteranion. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Li L, Zhang HY, Zhao J, Li N, Liu Y. Self-Sorting of Four Organic Molecules into a Heterowheel Polypseudorotaxane. Chemistry 2013; 19:6498-506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Bussolati R, Carrieri P, Secchi A, Arduini A, Credi A, Semeraro M, Venturi M, Silvi S, Velluto D, Zappacosta R, Fontana A. Hierarchical self-assembly of amphiphilic calix[6]arene wheels and viologen axles in water. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5944-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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Sun S, Hu XY, Chen D, Shi J, Dong Y, Lin C, Pan Y, Wang L. Pillar[5]arene-based side-chain polypseudorotaxanes as an anion-responsive fluorescent sensor. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Sun R, Ma X. Photo-responsive pseudo[n]rotaxanes based on disparate hetero-macrocycle host combination. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Mirra S, Margarucci L, Casapullo A, Neri P. Catenation of calixarene annulus. Org Lett 2012; 15:116-9. [PMID: 23286391 DOI: 10.1021/ol303142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Through-the-annulus-catenated calixarenes have been obtained, for the first time, by exploiting the "superweak anion" approach that allows the threading of the calix cavity with functionalized dialkylammonium axles. In addition, the first example of a stereoprogrammed synthesis of a catenane orientational isomer (an oriented calix[2]catenane) has been obtained, after macrocyclization, by using a directional alkylbenzylammonium axle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
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37
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Farina F, Teixeira FA, Marcos PM, Ascenso JR, Neri P. Alkylammonium cation complexation into the narrow cavity of dihomooxacalix[4]arene macrocycle. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10285-93. [PMID: 23062004 DOI: 10.1021/jo3019945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
How big should a calixarene macrocycle be for endo-cavity complexation to occur or to allow through-the-annulus threading? To answer these questions, a complete study on the complexation of primary and secondary (di)alkylammonium cations by 18-membered p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene macroring has been performed in the presence of the "superweak" TFPB counterion. Thus, it was found that this macrocycle is currently the smallest calixarene able to host linear and branched alkylammonium guests inside its aromatic cavity. Molecular mechanics calculations revealed that this recognition event is mainly driven by a H-bonding interaction between the guest ammonium group and the host CH(2)OCH(2) bridge. The endo-cavity complexation of chiral s-BuNH(3)(+) guest results in an asymmetric complex in the NMR time scale. The chirality transfer from guest to host is likely due to a restricted guest motion inside the tight cavity. The complexation study with secondary di-n-alkylammonium·TFPB salts revealed that the 18-membered dihomooxacalix[4]arene macroring cannot give the through-the-annulus threading with them because of its small dimension. However, the macrocycle is able to complex such ions, which can only be accommodated in an hook-like conformation characterized by two unfavorable gauche interactions around the CH(2)-NH(2)(+) bonds. The strain generated by this unfavorable folding is very likely compensated by stronger H-bonds and more favorable CH/π interactions between guest and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
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38
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Talotta C, Gaeta C, Neri P. Stereoprogrammed Direct Synthesis of Calixarene-Based [3]Rotaxanes. Org Lett 2012; 14:3104-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3011997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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39
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Farina F, Campi G, Camalli M, Neri P. Conformational Features and Recognition Properties of a Conformationally Blocked Calix[7]arene Derivative. Chemistry 2011; 18:1219-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Li C, Shu X, Li J, Chen S, Han K, Xu M, Hu B, Yu Y, Jia X. Complexation of 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butanes by negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arene. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8458-65. [PMID: 21923191 DOI: 10.1021/jo201185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The binding behavior of substituted 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butane derivatives (X-Py(CH(2))(4)Py-X, X = H, 2-methyl, 3-methyl, 4-methyl, 2,6-dimethyl, 4-pyridyl, and 4-COOEthyl) 1(2+)-7(2+), with negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5A) has been comprehensively investigated by (1)H NMR and 2D ROESY and UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2). The results indicated that the position of the substituents attached on pyridinium ring dramatically affects the association constants and binding modes. 3- and 4-Substituted guests (1(2+), 3(2+), 4(2+), 6(2+), 7(2+)) form [2]pseudorotaxane geometries with CP5A host, giving very large association constants (>10(5) M(-1)), while 2,6-dimethyl-substituted 5(2+) forms external complex with relatively small K(a) values [(2.4 ± 0.3) × 10(3) M(-1)] because the 2,6-dimethylpyridinium unit is too bulky to thread the host cavity. Both of the binding geometries mentioned above are observed for 2(2+), having one methyl group in the 2-position of pyridinium. Typically, the association constant of [2]pseudorotaxane 1(2+)⊂CP5A exceeds 10(6) M(-1) in water, which is significantly higher than those of previously reported analogues in organic solvents. The remarkably improved complexation of bis(pyridinium) guests by the anionic host was due to electrostatic attraction forces and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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41
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Pierro T, Gaeta C, Talotta C, Casapullo A, Neri P. Fixed or Invertible Calixarene-Based Directional Shuttles. Org Lett 2011; 13:2650-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pierro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Agostino Casapullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANO_MATES Research Center, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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