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Ozdemir R, Park S, Deneme İ, Park Y, Zorlu Y, Alidagi HA, Harmandar K, Kim C, Usta H. Triisopropylsilylethynyl-substituted indenofluorenes: carbonyl versus dicyanovinylene functionalization in one-dimensional molecular crystals and solution-processed n-channel OFETs. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00856f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl vs. dicyanovinylene functionalization in indenofluorenes leads to substantial differences in solid-state packings and results in significant variations (×1000) in electron mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resul Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
| | - Sangyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Sogang University
- Mapo-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - İbrahim Deneme
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
| | - Yonghan Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Sogang University
- Mapo-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Husniye Ardic Alidagi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Sogang University
- Mapo-gu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
- Abdullah Gül University
- Kayseri
- Turkey
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2
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Hacker AS, Pavano M, Wood JE, Immoos CE, Hashimoto H, Genis SP, Frantz DK. Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Fluoreno[2,1-a]fluorenedione and Fluoreno[1,2-a]fluorenedione. J Org Chem 2017; 83:510-515. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison S. Hacker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Mauricio Pavano
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - James E. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Chad E. Immoos
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Hannah Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Sam P. Genis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | - Derik K. Frantz
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
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3
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Marshall JL, Uchida K, Frederickson CK, Schütt C, Zeidell AM, Goetz KP, Finn TW, Jarolimek K, Zakharov LN, Risko C, Herges R, Jurchescu OD, Haley MM. Indacenodibenzothiophenes: synthesis, optoelectronic properties and materials applications of molecules with strong antiaromatic character. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5547-5558. [PMID: 28066536 PMCID: PMC5207214 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes (IFs), while containing 4n π-electrons, are best described as two aromatic benzene rings fused to a weakly paratropic s-indacene core. In this study, we find that replacement of the outer benzene rings of an IF with benzothiophenes allows the antiaromaticity of the central s-indacene to strongly reassert itself. Herein we report a combined synthetic, computational, structural, and materials study of anti- and syn-indacenodibenzothiophenes (IDBTs). We have developed an efficient and scalable synthesis for preparation of a series of aryl- and ethynyl-substituted IDBTs. NICS-XY scans and ACID calculations reveal an increasingly antiaromatic core from [1,2-b]IF to anti-IDBT, with syn-IDBT being nearly as antiaromatic as the parent s-indacene. As an initial evaluation, the intermolecular electronic couplings and electronic band structure of a diethynyl anti-IDBT derivative reveal the potential for hole and / or electron transport. OFETs constructed using this molecule show the highest hole mobilities yet achieved for a fully conjugated IF derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1253
, USA
.
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry
, Graduate School of Science
, Osaka University
,
Toyonaka
, Osaka 560-0043
, Japan
| | - Conerd K. Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1253
, USA
.
| | - Christian Schütt
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry
, University of Kiel
,
Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
, Kiel 24098
, Germany
| | - Andrew M. Zeidell
- Department of Physics
, Wake Forest University
,
Winston-Salem
, North Carolina 27109
, USA
| | - Katelyn P. Goetz
- Department of Physics
, Wake Forest University
,
Winston-Salem
, North Carolina 27109
, USA
| | - Tristan W. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research
, University of Kentucky
,
Lexington
, Kentucky 40506
, USA
| | - Karol Jarolimek
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research
, University of Kentucky
,
Lexington
, Kentucky 40506
, USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1433
, USA
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research
, University of Kentucky
,
Lexington
, Kentucky 40506
, USA
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry
, University of Kiel
,
Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
, Kiel 24098
, Germany
| | - Oana D. Jurchescu
- Department of Physics
, Wake Forest University
,
Winston-Salem
, North Carolina 27109
, USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1253
, USA
.
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4
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Marshall JL, O’Neal NJ, Zakharov LN, Haley MM. Synthesis and Characterization of Two Unsymmetrical Indenofluorene Analogues: Benzo[5,6]-s-indaceno[1,2-b]thiophene and Benzo[5,6]-s-indaceno[2,1-b]thiophene. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3674-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. O’Neal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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5
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Zhang XY, Huang JD, Yu JJ, Li P, Zhang WP, Frauenheim T. Anisotropic electron-transfer mobilities in diethynyl-indenofluorene-dione crystals as high-performance n-type organic semiconductor materials: remarkable enhancement by varying substituents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25463-70. [PMID: 26365519 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electron-transfer properties of alkynylated indenofluorene-diones with various substituents (SiMe3, SiPr3, and SiPh3) that function as n-type organic semiconductors were comparatively investigated at the first-principles DFT level based on the Marcus-Hush theory. The reorganization energies are calculated by the adiabatic potential-energy surface method, and the coupling terms are evaluated through a direct adiabatic model. The maximum value of the electron-transfer mobility of SiPr3 is 0.485 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which appears at the orientation angle of the conducting channel on the reference plane a-b near to 172°/352°. The predicted maximum electron mobility value of SiPr3 is nearly 26 times larger than that of SiPh3. This may be attributed to the largest number of intermolecular π-π interactions. In addition, the mobilities in all three crystals show remarkable anisotropic behavior. The calculated results indicate that SiPr3 could be an ideal candidate as a high-performance n-type organic semiconductor material. Our investigations not only give us an opportunity to completely understand the charge transport mechanisms, but also provide guidelines for designing materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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6
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Haley MM. Origins of the Indenofluorene Project: Serendipity and Other Surprises. CHEM REC 2015; 15:1140-3. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201510004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; University of Oregon; Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
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7
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Rao MR, Desmecht A, Perepichka DF. π-Extended Indenofluorenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:6193-201. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Kundu R, Kulshreshtha C. Design, synthesis and electronic properties of push–pull–push type dye. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyne conjugated push–pull–push type dye where alkyne π-spacer and push units monitor the electronic properties of the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chandramouli Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
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9
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Dressler JJ, Miller SA, Meeuwsen BT, Riel AMS, Dahl BJ. Synthesis of dilactone bridged terphenyls with crankshaft architectures. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Frederickson CK, Haley MM. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-dione Donor–Acceptor–Donor Triads. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11241-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502009p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conerd K. Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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11
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Rose BD, Santa Maria PJ, Fix AG, Vonnegut CL, Zakharov LN, Parkin SR, Haley MM. Scalable synthesis of 5,11-diethynylated indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones and exploration of their solid state packing. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2122-30. [PMID: 25246970 PMCID: PMC4168888 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new synthetic route to 5,11-disubstituted indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones that is amenable to larger scale reactions, allowing for the preparation of gram amounts of material. With this new methodology, we explored the effects on crystal packing morphology for the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-diones by varying the substituents on the silylethynyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Rose
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
| | - Peter J Santa Maria
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
| | - Aaron G Fix
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
| | - Chris L Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon, 1443 East 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
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12
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13
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Rose BD, Sumner NJ, Filatov AS, Peters SJ, Zakharov LN, Petrukhina MA, Haley MM. Experimental and computational studies of the neutral and reduced states of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9181-9. [PMID: 24917380 DOI: 10.1021/ja503870z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the intrinsic structural and optoelectronic properties of the neutral indeno[1,2-b]fluorene skeleton as well as those of the corresponding anion radical and dianion. We report their characterization by analysis of solid-state structures and EPR, NMR, and absorbance spectra. Additionally, 20 popular density functional theory methods are used to evaluate their performance for predicting NMR chemical shifts, EPR hyperfine coupling constants, and low-energy transitions of the absorbance spectrum to act as a guide for future studies. This information can be used for a better understanding and tuning of the electron-transporting/accepting ability of the indenofluorene core for use in organic photovoltaics and organic field effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Rose
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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14
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Chase DT, Fix AG, Kang SJ, Rose BD, Weber CD, Zhong Y, Zakharov LN, Lonergan MC, Nuckolls C, Haley MM. 6,12-Diarylindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes: Syntheses, Photophysics, and Ambipolar OFETs. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10349-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303402p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Chase
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Aaron G. Fix
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Bradley D. Rose
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Christopher D. Weber
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Mark C. Lonergan
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry and
Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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15
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Fix AG, Chase DT, Haley MM. Indenofluorenes and derivatives: syntheses and emerging materials applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 349:159-95. [PMID: 23097030 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for flexible electronic devices and hydrogen storage materials has spurred a resurgence of interest in polyaryl hydrocarbons including graphene, acenes, fullerenes, polythiophenes, etc. Indenofluorenes are another polyaryl molecular scaffold that has shown utility in the organic and hybrid materials arena, with polymers incorporating the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene moiety being common in organic light emitting diodes. This review examines the syntheses and properties of the five distinct indenofluorene regioisomers, with a focus on small molecule applications in organic electronics of this intriguing and somewhat underexplored family of polyaryl hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Fix
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
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16
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Tlach BC, Tomlinson AL, Bhuwalka A, Jeffries-EL M. Tuning the Optical and Electronic Properties of 4,8-Disubstituted Benzobisoxazoles via Alkyne Substitution. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8670-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201078w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Tlach
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry, North Georgia College & State University, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - Achala Bhuwalka
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Malika Jeffries-EL
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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17
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Chase DT, Fix AG, Rose BD, Weber CD, Nobusue S, Stockwell CE, Zakharov LN, Lonergan MC, Haley MM. Electron-Accepting 6,12-Diethynylindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Chase DT, Fix AG, Rose BD, Weber CD, Nobusue S, Stockwell CE, Zakharov LN, Lonergan MC, Haley MM. Electron-accepting 6,12-diethynylindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes: synthesis, crystal structures, and photophysical properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11103-6. [PMID: 21953794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Chase
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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