1
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Kong X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Zhang W, Lu D, Du P. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Chiral Carbon Nanoring Containing Rubicene. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38771292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report the construction of an inherently chiral carbon nanoring, cyclo[7]paraphenylene-2,9-rubicene ([7]CPPRu2,9), by combining rubicene with a C-shaped synthon through the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The structure was fully confirmed by high-resolution mass spectroscopies (HR-MS) and various NMR techniques. The photophysical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as the time-resolved fluorescence decay. Moreover, two enantiomers (M)/(P)-[7]CPPRu2,9 were successfully resolved by recyclable HPLC and studied by CD and CPL spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P. R. China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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3
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Wang J, Li P, Wang C, Liu N, Xing D. Molecularly or atomically precise nanostructures for bio-applications: how far have we come? MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3304-3324. [PMID: 37365977 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A huge variety of nanostructures are promising for biomedical applications, but only a few have been practically applied. Among the various reasons, the limited structural preciseness is a critical one, as it increases the difficulty in product quality control, accurate dosing, and ensuring the repeatability of material performance. Constructing nanoparticles with molecule-like preciseness is becoming a new research field. In this review, we focus on the artificial nanomaterials that can currently be molecularly or atomically precise, including DNA nanostructures, some metallic nanoclusters, dendrimer nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures, describing their syntheses, bio-applications and limitations, in view of up-to-date studies. A perspective on their potential for clinical translation is also given. This review is expected to provide a particular rationale for the future design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ping Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Arockiaraj M, Kavitha SRJ, Klavžar S, Fiona JC, Balasubramanian K. Topological, Spectroscopic and Energetic Properties of Cycloparaphenylene Series. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2186442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandi Klavžar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J. Celin Fiona
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India
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5
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Alfonso Hernandez L, Freixas VM, Rodriguez-Hernandez B, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Oldani N. Exciton-vibrational dynamics induces efficient self-trapping in a substituted nanoring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24095-24104. [PMID: 36178044 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes, being the smallest segments of carbon nanotubes, have emerged as prototypes of the simplest carbon nanohoops. Their unique structure-dynamics-optical properties relationships have motivated a wide variety of synthesis of new related nanohoop species. Studies of how chemical changes, introduced in these new materials, lead to systems with new structural, dynamics and optical properties, expand their functionalities for optoelectronics applications. Herein, we study the effect that conjugation extension of a cycloparaphenylene through the introduction of a satellite tetraphenyl substitution has on its structural and dynamical properties. Our non-adiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations suggest that this substitution accelerates the electronic relaxation from the high-energy band to the lowest excited state. This is partially due to efficient conjugation achieved between specific phenyl units as introduced by the tetraphenyl substitution. We observe a particular exciton redistribution during relaxation, in which the tetraphenyl substitution plays a significant role. As a result, an efficient inter-band energy transfer takes place. Besides, the observed phonon-exciton interplay induces a significant exciton self-trapping. Our results encourage and guide the future studies of new phenyl substitutions in carbon nanorings with desired optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alfonso Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
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6
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Malinčík J, Gaikwad S, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Boillat M, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Campaña AG, Šolomek T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Möbius Helicene Carbon Nanohoop**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208591. [PMID: 35856293 PMCID: PMC9543836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present the first helicene carbon nanoohop that integrates a [6]helicene into [7]cycloparaphenylene. The [6]helicene endows the helicene carbon nanohoop with chiroptical properties and configurational stability typical for higher helicenes, while the radially conjugated seven para‐phenylenes largely determine the optoelectronic properties. The structure of the helicene carbon nanoohop was unambiguously characterized by NMR, MS and X‐ray analysis that revealed that it possesses a topology of a Möbius strip in the solid state and in solution. The chirality transfers from the [6]helicene to the para‐phenylenes and leads to a pronounced circular dichroism and bright circularly polarized luminescence, which is affected by the structural topology of the nanohoop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Malinčík
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovakia
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Granada Avda Fuentenueva, s/n 18 071 Granada Spain
| | - Marc‐Aurèle Boillat
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Granada Avda Fuentenueva, s/n 18 071 Granada Spain
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johann's-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharamaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovakia
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7
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Malinčík J, Gaikwad S, Mora-Fuentes JP, Boillat MA, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Campaña AG, Šolomek T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in a Möbius Helicene Carbon Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Malinčík
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Juan P. Mora-Fuentes
- University of Granada: Universidad de Granada Department of Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | | | | | - Daniel Häussinger
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- University of Granada: Universidad de Granada Department of Organic Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
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8
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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9
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Wang J, Shi H, Wang S, Zhang X, Fang P, Zhou Y, Zhuang G, Shao X, Du P. Tuning the (Chir)Optical Properties and Squeezing out the Inherent Chirality in Polyphenylene‐Locked Helical Carbon Nanorings. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103828. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Chemical Physics CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Pengwei Fang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Gui‐Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310032 P.R. China
| | - Xiang Shao
- Department of Chemical Physics CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Department of Materials Science and Engineering iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 P.R. China
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10
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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11
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He J, Yu M, Pang M, Fan Y, Lian Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Jiang H. Nanosized Carbon Macrocycles Based on a Planar Chiral Pseudo Meta- [2.2]Paracyclophane. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103832. [PMID: 34962000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structural designs combining cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) backbone with planar chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) lead to optical-active chiral macrocycles with intriguing properties. X-ray crystal analysis revealed aesthetic necklace-shaped structures and size-dependent packages with long-range channels. The macrocycles exhibit unique photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 82%, and the fluorescent color varies with ring size. In addition, size-dependent chiroptical properties with moderately large CPL dissymmetry factor of 10 -3 and CPL brightness in the range of 30 - 40 M -1 cm -1 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Mohan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Maofu Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 252100, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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12
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Wang J, Zhang X, Jia H, Wang S, Du P. Large π-Extended and Curved Carbon Nanorings as Carbon Nanotube Segments. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4178-4190. [PMID: 34713698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusDesigning and synthesizing topologically unique molecules is a long-term challenge for synthetic chemists. Classical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of π-conjugated planar organic compounds with rich photophysical and electronic properties, while nonplanar/curved PAHs have different molecular orbital arrangements and demonstrate unique properties. The chemistry of curved aromatic molecules has been of significant interest to explore the relationship between π conjugation and molecular geometry, which offers an attractive combination of fundamental problems, potential applications, and aesthetic appeal. Remarkable advances have been made in the last few decades during the discovery of novel curved aromatic molecules, including corannulenes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Especially, there has been increasing interest in making single-chirality CNTs and their curved molecular components (known as finite segments of CNTs) with a fixed geometry. The most representative examples of such organic molecules are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and related carbon nanorings, which possess cylindrical topologies and nanoscale conjugated segments similar to CNTs. CPPs, as the shortest cross-section and the simplest structure of armchair CNTs, have been synthetically accessible since 2008. Recent years have witnessed breakthroughs and rapid development in the synthesis of CPP-based nanorings as well as their derived molecules. In these molecules, the distortion from aromatic planarity can induce radially oriented π systems and further affect their electronic, optical, self-assembly, and charge-transport characteristics. These unique and interesting carbon nanorings are potentially useful in a variety of optoelectronic and biomedical materials. It is well-known that extension of the π-conjugated system facilitates the delocalization of π electrons and the redistribution of electronic clouds, leading to rich diversification of physical properties in the fields of electronics, optics, and supramolecular chemistry. Therefore, the precise design and controllable synthesis of carbon nanorings with large π conjugation will promote important advances in synthetic chemistry. To date, a number of π-extended carbon nanorings have been reported, and they exhibit novel physicochemical properties resulting from their fascinating topologies and structures. However, challenges still remain in the synthesis of π-extended carbon nanorings and their structural analogues and exploration of their unique properties.In this Account, we give a brief overview of our efforts to synthesize large π-extended carbon nanorings using different strategies and explore their novel applications. In 2013 we started our research on the synthesis of carbon nanorings with large π-conjugated structures. This research project has led to (i) the successful preparation of a series of carbon nanorings with inserted PAHs, especially with various nanographenes inserted, such as hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene; (ii) the design and synthesis of a series of carbon nanorings consisting solely of PAHs; and (iii) the initial synthesis of π-extended carbon-nanoring-based polymers as the long polymeric segments of CNTs, in which macrocyclic CPPs as the basic repeating blocks were covalently coupled together. Herein we describe in detail how these challenging π-extended carbon nanorings were synthesized, and their interesting physical properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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13
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero- or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15743-15766. [PMID: 32902109 PMCID: PMC9542246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last 13 years several synthetic strategies were developed that provide access to [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related conjugated nanohoops. A number of potential applications emerged, including optoelectronic devices, and their use as templates for carbon nanomaterials and in supramolecular chemistry. To tune the structural or optoelectronic properties of carbon nanohoops beyond the size-dependent effect known for [n]CPPs, a variety of aromatic rings other than benzene were introduced. In this Review, we provide an overview of the syntheses, properties, and applications of conjugated nanohoops beyond [n]CPPs with intrinsic donor/acceptor structure or such that contain acceptor, donor, heteroaromatic or polycyclic aromatic units within the hoop as well as conjugated nanobelts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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14
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Hernández Sánchez R. Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8642-8655. [PMID: 33780560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π-conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting-edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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15
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero‐ or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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16
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Mao L, Hu Y, Tu Q, Jiang WL, Zhao XL, Wang W, Yuan D, Wen J, Shi X. Highly efficient synthesis of non-planar macrocycles possessing intriguing self-assembling behaviors and ethene/ethyne capture properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5806. [PMID: 33199747 PMCID: PMC7669899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a challenging topic and perpetual task to design and synthesize covalent macrocycles with characteristic self-assembling behaviors and excellent host-guest properties in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we present a family of macrocyclic diphenylamine[n]arenes (DPA[n]s, n = 3-7) consisting of methyldiphenylamine units through a facile one-pot synthesis strategy. Unlike many other reported macrocyclic arenes, the resultant non-planar DPA[n]s feature intrinsic π-π stacking interactions, interesting self-assembling behaviors and ethene/ethyne capture properties. Specifically, strong multiple intermolecular edge-to-face aromatic interactions in DPA[3] have been systematically investigated both in solid and solution states. The intriguing findings on the intermolecular edge-to-face stacking interaction mode in the macrocycle would further highlight the importance of noncovalent π-π interaction in supramolecular self-assembly. This study will also shed light on the macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry and, we expect, will provide a direction for design and synthesis of covalent macrocycles in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ling Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, 200062, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Sánchez RH. Tubularenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8089-8094. [PMID: 34123082 PMCID: PMC8163370 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03384g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of conjugated, conformationally rigid, and electroactive carbon-based nanotubes that we term tubularenes. These structures are constructed from a resorcin[n b]arene base. Cyclization of the conjugated aromatic nanotube is achieved in one-pot eight-fold C-C bond formation via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. DFT calculations indicate a buildup of strain energy in excess of 90 kcal mol-1. The resulting architectures contain large internal void spaces >260 Å3, are fluorescent, and able to accept up to 4 electrons. This represents the first scaffolding approach that provides conjugated nanotube architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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18
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Rodríguez-Hernández B, Oldani N, Martínez-Mesa A, Uranga-Piña L, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoexcited energy relaxation and vibronic couplings in π-conjugated carbon nanorings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15321-15332. [PMID: 32628225 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated carbon nanorings exhibit unique photophysical properties that, combined with their tunable sizes and conformations, make them suitable for a variety of practical applications. These properties are intimately associated to their strained, bent and sterically hindered cyclic structures. Herein we perform a comparative analysis of the photoinduced dynamics in carbon nanorings composed of nine phenyl units([9]CPP) and nine naphthyl units ([9]CN) respectively. The sterically demanding naphthyl units lead to large dihedral angles between neighboring units. Nevertheless, the ultrafast electronic and vibrational energy relaxation and redistribution is found to be similar for both systems. We observe that vibronic couplings, introduced by nonadiabatic energy transfer between electronic excited states, ensure the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution through specific vibrational modes. The comparative impact of the internal conversion process on the exciton spatial localization and intra-ring migration indicates that naphthyl units in [9]CN achieve more efficient but less dynamical self-trapping compared to that of phenyl units in [9]CPP. That is, during the photoinduced process, the exciton in [9]CN is more static and localized than the exciton in [9]CPP. The internal conversion processes take place through a specific set of middle- to high-frequency normal modes, which directly influence the spatial exciton redistribution during the internal conversion, self-trapping and intra-ring migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
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19
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Freixas VM, Oldani N, Franklin-Mergarejo R, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Electronic Energy Relaxation in a Photoexcited Fully Fused Edge-Sharing Carbon Nanobelt. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4711-4719. [PMID: 32464064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts are cylindrical molecules composed of fully fused edge-sharing arene rings. Because of their aesthetically appealing structures, they acquire unusual optoelectronic properties that are potentially suitable for a range of applications in nanoelectronics and photonics. Nevertheless, the very limited success of their synthesis has led to their photophysical properties remaining largely unknown. Compared to that of carbon nanorings (arenes linked by single bonds), the strong structural rigidity of nanobelts prevents significant deformations away from the original high-symmetry conformation and, therefore, impacts their photophysical properties. Herein, we study the photoinduced dynamics of a successfully synthesized belt segment of (6,6)CNT (carbon nanotube). Modeling this process with nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations uncovers the critical role played by the changes in excited state wave function localization on the different types of carbon atoms. This allows a detailed description of the excited state dynamics and spatial exciton evolution throughout the nanobelt scaffold. Our results provide detailed information about the excited state electronic properties and internal conversion rates that is potentially useful for designing nanobelts for nanoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - N Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - R Franklin-Mergarejo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - S Fernandez-Alberti
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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20
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Nelson TR, White AJ, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Zhang Y, Nebgen B, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mozyrsky D, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics: Theory and Applications for Modeling Photophysics in Extended Molecular Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2215-2287. [PMID: 32040312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optically active molecular materials, such as organic conjugated polymers and biological systems, are characterized by strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Typically, simulations must go beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to account for non-adiabatic coupling between excited states. Indeed, non-adiabatic dynamics is commonly associated with exciton dynamics and photophysics involving charge and energy transfer, as well as exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics in such materials is vital to providing an accurate description of exciton formation, evolution, and decay. This interdisciplinary field has matured significantly over the past decades. Formulation of new theoretical frameworks, development of more efficient and accurate computational algorithms, and evolution of high-performance computer hardware has extended these simulations to very large molecular systems with hundreds of atoms, including numerous studies of organic semiconductors and biomolecules. In this Review, we will describe recent theoretical advances including treatment of electronic decoherence in surface-hopping methods, the role of solvent effects, trivial unavoided crossings, analysis of data based on transition densities, and efficient computational implementations of these numerical methods. We also emphasize newly developed semiclassical approaches, based on the Gaussian approximation, which retain phase and width information to account for significant decoherence and interference effects while maintaining the high efficiency of surface-hopping approaches. The above developments have been employed to successfully describe photophysics in a variety of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R Nelson
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States.,U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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21
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Kawanishi T, Ishida K, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Selective and Gram-Scale Synthesis of [8]Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2082-2091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawanishi
- Oji R&D Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD., Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0003, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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23
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Wang J, Zhuang G, Huang Q, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Liu H, Du P. Precise synthesis and photophysical properties of a small chiral carbon nanotube segment: cyclo[7]paraphenylene-2,6-naphthylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9456-9459. [PMID: 31328190 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04700j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the precise synthesis and photophysical properties of a naphthalene-containing carbon nanohoop, cyclo[7]paraphenylene-2,6-naphthylene ([7]CPPNa2,6), as a sidewall segment of a [9,8] single-walled carbon nanotube ([9,8]SWNT) using a rationally designed strategy. To the best of our knowledge, [7]CPPNa2,6 represents the smallest chiral SWNT segment ever reported. The structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 2D 1H-1H COSY NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-MS spectrometry. The nanohoop's interesting photophysical properties were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations. Compared with the [8]CPP and [9]CPP nanohoops, [7]CPPNa2,6 has a moderate strain energy (89.6 kcal mol-1) and a higher HOMO-LUMO gap (3.5 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China.
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24
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Della Sala P, Talotta C, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid-State Structure of [8]Cycloparaphenylenes with Inherent Chirality. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9489-9496. [PMID: 31271287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of two [8]cycloparaphenylenes ([8]CPP) derivatives, 1 and 2, bearing a monosubstituted benzene moiety. The presence of the substituent implies a planar chirality for the monosubstituted [8]CPP 1 and 2, whose configuration is here described by applying the chirality descriptors pR and pS. Experimental evidence of this planar chirality has been obtained through 1H VT NMR studies and by addition of Pirkle's reagent. This was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of 2, which represents an interesting example of solid-state structure of a monosubstituted [8]CPP derivative. Derivative 2 crystallizes in two monoclinic crystal forms (α and β), which show a herringbone motif. The [8]CPP ring of the α form encapsulates two dichloromethane molecules, held through C-H···π interactions, while in the β form, open channels are partially filled by highly disordered solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli" , Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , I-84084 Fisciano , Salerno , Italy
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25
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Cheung KY, Gui S, Deng C, Liang H, Xia Z, Liu Z, Chi L, Miao Q. Synthesis of Armchair and Chiral Carbon Nanobelts. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Xu W, Yang X, Fan X, Wang X, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. Synthesis and Characterization of a Pentiptycene‐Derived Dual Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3943-3947. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiao‐Di Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiang‐Bing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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27
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In situ synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanorings by catalytic chemical vapor deposition process. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-019-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Xu W, Yang X, Fan X, Wang X, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. Synthesis and Characterization of a Pentiptycene‐Derived Dual Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiao‐Di Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiang‐Bing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic MaterialsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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29
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Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes are important compounds for their photophysical and electronic properties. The curved structure of these compounds induces an alteration of the aromatic character of these compounds. D values have been used to describe the aromatic character of compounds from [5]- to [10]cycloparaphenylene. D values are compared with HOMED and with the strain energy are obtained by using an homodesmotic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, V.le dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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30
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Nakagawa Y, Sekiguchi R, Kawakami J, Ito S. Preparation of a large-sized highly flexible carbon nanohoop. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6843-6853. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly flexible carbon nanohoop composed of HBC panels was prepared by connection together with biphenylene spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki
- Japan
| | - Ryuta Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Matsumoto
- Japan
| | - Jun Kawakami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki
- Japan
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Hirosaki University
- Hirosaki
- Japan
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31
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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32
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Guo L, Yang X, Cong H. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Oligoparaphenylenes Derived from Anthracene Photodimer. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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33
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Daengngern R, Camacho C, Kungwan N, Irle S. Theoretical Prediction and Analysis of the UV/Visible Absorption and Emission Spectra of Chiral Carbon Nanorings. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7284-7292. [PMID: 30160478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UV/vis absorption and emission spectra of recently synthesized chiral carbon nanorings were simulated using first-principles-based molecular dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The chiral carbon nanorings are derivatives of the [ n]cycloparaphenylene ([ n]CPP) macrocycles, containing an acene unit such as naphthalene, ([ n]CPPN), anthracene ([ n]CPPA), and tetracene ([ n]CPPT), in addition to n paraphenylene units. In order to study the effect of increasing molecular size on absorption and emission spectra, we investigated the cases where n = 6 and 8. Frontier molecular orbital analysis was carried out to give insight into the degree of excitation delocalization and its relationship to the predicted absorption spectra. The lowest excited singlet state S1 corresponds to a HOMO-LUMO π-π* transition, which is allowed in all chiral carbon nanorings due to lack of molecular symmetry, in contrast to the forbidden HOMO-LUMO transition in the symmetric [ n]CPP molecules. The S1 absorption peak exhibits a blue-shift with increasing number of paraphenylene units in particular for [ n]CPPN and [ n]CPPA and less so in the case of [ n]CPPT. In the case of CPPN and CPPA, the transition density is mainly localized over a semicircle of the macrocycle with the acene unit in its center but is strongly localized on the tetracene unit in the case of CPPT. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on the excited state potential energy surfaces reveal red-shifted emission of these chiral carbon nanorings when the size of the π-conjugated acene units is increased, although the characteristic [ n]CPP blue-shift with increasing paraphenylene unit number n remains apparent. The anomalous emission blue-shift is caused by the excited state bending and torsional motions that stabilize the π HOMO and destabilize the π* LUMO, resulting in an increasing HOMO-LUMO gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathawat Daengngern
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Bangkok 10520 , Thailand.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Cristopher Camacho
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan.,School of Chemistry , University of Costa Rica , San José 11501-2060 , Costa Rica
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division and Chemical Sciences Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yao Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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35
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Kayahara E, Hayashi T, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Ashida K, Ogoshi S, Yamago S. Strain-Induced Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11418-11421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshiki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keita Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
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36
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Kayahara E, Hayashi T, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Ashida K, Ogoshi S, Yamago S. Strain-Induced Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshiki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keita Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
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37
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Cui S, Zhuang G, Lu D, Huang Q, Jia H, Wang Y, Yang S, Du P. A Three-Dimensional Capsule-like Carbon Nanocage as a Segment Model of Capped Zigzag [12,0] Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Complexation with C70. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310032 China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
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38
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Cui S, Zhuang G, Lu D, Huang Q, Jia H, Wang Y, Yang S, Du P. A Three-Dimensional Capsule-like Carbon Nanocage as a Segment Model of Capped Zigzag [12,0] Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Complexation with C70. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9330-9335. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18, Chaowang Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310032 China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials ( i ChEM); University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
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39
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Vidal Vidal Á, López CS, Nieto Faza O. Nitrogen doped nanohoops as promising CO 2 capturing devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8607-8615. [PMID: 29451279 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of climate change in the face of steady or increasing emissions has made the capture and storage of CO2 a priority issue. Supramolecular chemistry is one of the tools that can be used for this task, due to the possibility of tuning intermolecular interactions for the capture of this gas in a selective and efficient way. In this context, this work presents a novel approach for the capture of CO2 based on n-cycloparaphenylenes ([n]-CPPs) doped with nitrogen atoms. This is the first time that the potential of these structures for the capture of polluting gases has been evaluated. Among all the structures analysed, the one yielding the best results (complexation energy of -32.80 kJ mol-1) contains 4 nitrogen atoms per monomer. The topology of the electron density of the host-guest complex and the nature of its non-covalent interactions have been analyzed in this work in order to explain this high binding energy and identify potential structural modifications to improve it. The capability of this system to be used as a sensing device for CO2 using vibrational spectroscopy is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Vidal Vidal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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40
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Della Sala P, Capobianco A, Caruso T, Talotta C, De Rosa M, Neri P, Peluso A, Gaeta C. An Anthracene-Incorporated [8]Cycloparaphenylene Derivative as an Emitter in Photon Upconversion. J Org Chem 2018; 83:220-227. [PMID: 29231727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anthracene-incorporated [8]cycloparaphenylene 2 has been synthesized and its optoelectronic properties studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. NMR and computational studies indicate that the new cycloparaphenylene derivative possesses a Cs point group symmetry. The new CPP 2 exhibits peculiar optoelectronic properties: (i) fluorescence emission is blue-shifted with respect to [8]cycloparaphenylene 1, and its quantum yield is higher; (ii) in the presence of an octaethylporphyrin Pd complex, as sensitizer, it undergoes a visible light upconversion. This is the first case in which a cycloparaphenylene derivative is involved as an emitter in low power light frequency conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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41
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Abstract
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes and analogues thereof are substances having excellent structural and electronic properties due to radial π-conjugation modes and porous structures. Since they are partial structures of carbon nanotubes, they have also attracted attention as a template for carbon nanotube synthesis. In this chapter, we introduce a series of research on the synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes and their analogues.
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42
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Abstract
Chiral non-planar polyaromatic systems that display zero, positive or negative Gaussian curvature are analysed and their potential to ‘encode’ chirality of larger sp2-carbon allotropes is evaluated. Shown is a hypothetical peanut-shaped carbon allotrope, where helical chirality results from the interplay of various curvature types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
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43
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Oldani N, Doorn SK, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoinduced dynamics in cycloparaphenylenes: planarization, electron–phonon coupling, localization and intra-ring migration of the electronic excitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30914-30924. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes represent the smallest possible fragments of armchair carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Oldani
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - S. K. Doorn
- Theoretical Division
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical Division
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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44
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Matsui K, Fushimi M, Segawa Y, Itami K. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Cylinder-Shaped Cyclo[12]orthophenylene[6]ethynylene: Toward the Synthesis of Zigzag Carbon Nanobelts. Org Lett 2016; 18:5352-5355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Matsui
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masako Fushimi
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Itami
Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Itami
Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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45
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Huang ZA, Chen C, Yang XD, Fan XB, Zhou W, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Synthesis of Oligoparaphenylene-Derived Nanohoops Employing an Anthracene Photodimerization–Cycloreversion Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11144-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Di Yang
- Laboratory
of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang-Bing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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46
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Franklin-Mergarejo R, Alvarez DO, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Carbon nanorings with inserted acenes: breaking symmetry in excited state dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31253. [PMID: 27507429 PMCID: PMC4978956 DOI: 10.1038/srep31253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated cycloparaphenylene rings have unique electronic properties being the smallest segments of carbon nanotubes. Their conjugated backbones support delocalized electronic excitations, which dynamics is strongly influenced by cyclic geometry. Here we present a comparative theoretical study of the electronic and vibrational energy relaxation and redistribution in photoexcited cycloparaphenylene carbon nanorings with inserted naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene units using non-adiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics simulations. Calculated excited state structures reflect modifications of optical selection rules and appearance of low-energy electronic states localized on the acenes due to gradual departure from a perfect circular symmetry. After photoexcitation, an ultrafast electronic energy relaxation to the lowest excited state is observed on the time scale of hundreds of femtoseconds in all molecules studied. Concomitantly, the efficiency of the exciton trapping in the acene raises when moving from naphthalene to anthracene and to tetracene, being negligible in naphthalene, and ~60% and 70% in anthracene and tetracene within the first 500 fs after photoexcitation. Observed photoinduced dynamics is further analyzed in details using induced molecular distortions, delocatization properties of participating electronic states and non-adiabatic coupling strengths. Our results provide a number of insights into design of cyclic molecular systems for electronic and light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franklin-Mergarejo
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - D Ondarse Alvarez
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - S Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S Fernandez-Alberti
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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47
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Allec SI, Ilawe NV, Wong BM. Unusual Bandgap Oscillations in Template-Directed π-Conjugated Porphyrin Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2362-2367. [PMID: 27280489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using large-scale DFT calculations (up to 1476 atoms and 18 432 orbitals), we present the first detailed analysis on the unusual electronic properties of recently synthesized porphyrin nanotubes. We surprisingly observe extremely large oscillations in the bandgap of these nanostructures as a function of size, in contradiction to typical quantum confinement effects (i.e., the bandgap increases with size in several of these nanotubes). In particular, we find that these intriguing electronic oscillations arise from a size-dependent alternation of aromatic/nonaromatic characteristics in these porphyrin nanotubes. Our analyses of band structures and orbital diagrams indicate that the electronic transitions in these nanostructures are direct-bandgap, optically active "bright" states that can be readily observed in photoelectron spectroscopic experiments. Most importantly due to their unusual bandgap oscillations, we find that both type I and type II donor-acceptor p-n heterojunctions are possible in these template-directed, "bottom-up synthesized" porphyrin nanotubes-a unique property that is not present in conventional carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Allec
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Niranjan V Ilawe
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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48
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Stereoisomerism, crystal structures, and dynamics of belt-shaped cyclonaphthylenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8109-14. [PMID: 27357686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606530113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of a belt-shaped cyclic array of aromatic panels, a so-called "nanohoop," has increasingly attracted much interest, partly because it serves as a segmental model of single-wall carbon nanotubes with curved sp(2)-carbon networks. Although the unique molecular structure of nanohoops is expected to deepen our understanding in curved π-systems, its structural chemistry is still in its infancy despite structural variants rapidly accumulated over the past several years. For instance, structural characteristics that endow the belt shapes with rigidity, an important structural feature relevant to carbon nanotubes, have not been clarified to date. We herein report the synthesis and structures of a series of belt-shaped cyclonaphthylenes. Random synthesis methods using three precursor units with different numbers of naphthylene panels allowed us to prepare 6 congeners consisting of 6 to 11 naphthylene panels, and relationships between the rigidity and the panel numbers, i.e., molecular structures, were investigated. Fundamental yet complicated stereoisomerism in the belt-shaped structures was disclosed by mathematical methods, and dynamics in the panel rotation was revealed by dynamic NMR studies with the aid of theoretical calculations.
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49
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Segawa Y, Yagi A, Ito H, Itami K. A Theoretical Study on the Strain Energy of Carbon Nanobelts. Org Lett 2016; 18:1430-3. [PMID: 26953497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the strain energy of carbon nanobelts, i.e. the belt-shaped molecules representing the sidewall structures of carbon nanotubes, is reported. The strain energy of carbon nanobelts with chiral indices (n,n), (n,0), and (n,m) was determined without considering hypothetical homodesmotic reactions. The calculated difference between the strain energy of carbon nanobelts and their possible precursors is expected to be of great utility for future synthetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Segawa Y, Yagi A, Matsui K, Itami K. Design and Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Segments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5136-58. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Katsuma Matsui
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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