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Kang C, Jung K, Ahn S, Choi TL. Controlled Cyclopolymerization of 1,5-Hexadiynes to Give Narrow Band Gap Conjugated Polyacetylenes Containing Highly Strained Cyclobutenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17140-17146. [PMID: 32915557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, cyclopolymerization of α,ω-diyne derivatives has been an effective method to synthesize various soluble polyacetylenes containing five- to seven-membered rings in the backbone. However, cyclopolymerization to form four-membered carbocycles was considered impossible due to their exceptionally high ring strain (∼30 kcal/mol). Herein, we demonstrate the successful cyclopolymerization of rationally designed 1,5-hexadiyne derivatives to afford various polyacetylenes containing highly strained cyclobutenes in each repeat unit. After screening, Ru catalysts containing bulky diisopropylphenyl groups promoted challenging four-membered ring cyclization efficiently from various monomers, enabling the synthesis of high molecular weight (up to 40 kDa) polyacetylenes in a controlled manner. Furthermore, living polymerization allowed for block copolymer synthesis by combining with ring-opening metathesis polymerization as well as block copolymerization of two different 1,5-hexadiyne monomers to give a fully conjugated polyacetylene. These new polymers unexpectedly showed much narrower band gaps than conventional substituted polyacetylenes by >0.2 eV. Interestingly, computational studies showed much smaller bond length alternation in the conjugated backbone containing cyclobutenes, resulting in highly delocalized π electrons along the polymer chain and lower band gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijung Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Matsui T, Yamada N, Kuno H, Kanaly RA. Formation of Bulky DNA Adducts by Non-Enzymatic Production of 1,2-Naphthoquinone-Epoxide from 1,2-Naphthoquinone under Physiological Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1760-1771. [PMID: 31430133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quinones may be formed metabolically or abiotically from environmental pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); many are recognized as toxicological intermediates that cause a variety of deleterious cellular effects including mutagenicity. The PAH-o-quinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), may exert its genotoxic effects through interactions with cellular nucleophiles such as DNA, however, the mechanisms of 1,2-NQ adduct formation are still under investigation. With the aim to further understand these mechanisms, the chemical structures of adducts formed from the reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) with 1,2-NQ under physiological conditions were investigated by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and 1H NMR analyses. Results showed that 1,2-NQ underwent non-enzymatic oxidation to form a 1,2-NQ-epoxide which in turn formed at least four bulky adducts with dG, and these adducts were more likely to be formed under physiological conditions. A mechanism was proposed whereby hydration of 1,2-NQ to form unstable naphthohydroquinones and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone resulted in formation of hydrogen peroxide that oxidized 1,2-NQ. These results suggest that the genotoxicity of 1,2-NQ may not only be caused through oxidative DNA damage and adduct formation through Michael addition but also through non-enzymatic oxidative transformation of 1,2-NQ itself to form an intermediate PAH-epoxide which covalently binds to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsui
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences , Yokohama City University , 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa , Yokohama , Kanagawa 236-0027 , Japan.,Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Naohito Yamada
- Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuno
- Toxicology Research Laboratories , Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Japan Tobacco, Inc. , 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku , Yokohama-city , Kanagawa 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Robert A Kanaly
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences , Yokohama City University , 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa , Yokohama , Kanagawa 236-0027 , Japan
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Neary WJ, Kennemur JG. Variable Temperature ROMP: Leveraging Low Ring Strain Thermodynamics To Achieve Well-Defined Polypentenamers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Neary
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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Wei J, Trout W, Simon YC, Granados-Focil S. Ring opening metathesis polymerization of triazole-bearing cyclobutenes: Diblock copolymer synthesis and evaluation of the effect of side group size on polymerization kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Clark University; 950 Main St Worcester Massachusetts 01610
| | - William Trout
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Clark University; 950 Main St Worcester Massachusetts 01610
| | - Yoan C. Simon
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials; 118 College Drive, #5050 Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Sergio Granados-Focil
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Clark University; 950 Main St Worcester Massachusetts 01610
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Xiang Y, Burrill DJ, Bullard KK, Albrecht BJ, Tragesser LE, McCaffrey J, Lambrecht DS, Pentzer E. Polymerization of silyl ketenes using alkoxide initiators: a combined computational and experimental study. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The atomic composition and chemical structure of polymers is fundamental to dictating properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John McCaffrey
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Daniel S. Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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6
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Perry MR, Ebrahimi T, Morgan E, Edwards PM, Hatzikiriakos SG, Schafer LL. Catalytic Synthesis of Secondary Amine-Containing Polymers: Variable Hydrogen Bonding for Tunable Rheological Properties. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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7
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Zhu Z, Shi S, Wang H. Radical Chain Polymerization Catalyzed by Graphene Oxide and Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:187-94. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Zhu
- College of Chemistry Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Shi
- College of Chemistry Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- College of Chemistry Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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8
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Metathesis-driven scrambling reactions between polybutadiene or naturally occurring polyisoprene and olefin-containing polyurethane. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Leroux F, Montembault V, Pascual S, Guerin W, Guillaume SM, Fontaine L. Synthesis and polymerization of cyclobutenyl-functionalized polylactide and polycaprolactone: a consecutive ROP/ROMP route towards poly(1,4-butadiene)-g-polyesters. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2011. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Le D, Morandi G, Legoupy S, Pascual S, Montembault V, Fontaine L. Cyclobutenyl macromonomers: Synthetic strategies and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Le D, Montembault V, Pascual S, Collette F, Héroguez V, Fontaine L. Synthesis of 1,4-polybutadiene-g-poly(ethylene oxide) via the macromonomer approach by ROMP. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Jung ME, Deng G. Synthesis of the 1-monoester of 2-ketoalkanedioic acids, for example, octyl α-ketoglutarate. J Org Chem 2012; 77:11002-5. [PMID: 23163977 PMCID: PMC4099047 DOI: 10.1021/jo302308q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cleavage of cycloalkene-1-carboxylates, made from the corresponding carboxylic acids, and subsequent oxidation of the resulting ketoaldehyde afforded the important 1-monoesters of 2-ketoalkanedioic acids. Thus ozonolysis of octyl cyclobutene-1-carboxylate followed by sodium chlorite oxidation afforded the 1-monooctyl 2-ketoglutarate. This is a cell-permeable prodrug form of α-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA, Krebs) cycle and a promising therapeutic agent in its own right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.
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14
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Le D, Montembault V, Pascual S, Legoupy S, Fontaine L. An Orthogonal Modular Approach to Macromonomers Using Clickable Cyclobutenyl Derivatives and RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3016163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Le
- LUNAM Université, Institut des Molécules
et des Matériaux du Mans, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse
des Polymères, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex
9, France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- LUNAM Université, Institut des Molécules
et des Matériaux du Mans, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse
des Polymères, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex
9, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- LUNAM Université, Institut des Molécules
et des Matériaux du Mans, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse
des Polymères, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex
9, France
| | - Stéphanie Legoupy
- LUNAM Université, Institut des Molécules
et des Matériaux du Mans, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse
des Polymères, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex
9, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- LUNAM Université, Institut des Molécules
et des Matériaux du Mans, Equipe Méthodologie et Synthèse
des Polymères, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex
9, France
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15
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Yeh NH, Chen CW, Lee SL, Wu HJ, Chen CH, Luh TY. Polynorbornene-Based Double-Stranded Ladderphanes with Cubane, Cuneane, Tricyclooctadiene, and Cyclooctatetraene Linkers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hua Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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