1
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Bielski R, Mencer D. New syntheses of thiosaccharides utilizing substitution reactions. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108915. [PMID: 37597327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel synthetic methods published since 2005 affording carbohydrates containing sulfur atom(s) are reviewed. The review is divided to subchapters based on the position of sulfur atom(s) in the sugar molecule. Only those methods that take advantage of substitution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bielski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, United States; Chemventive, LLC Chadds Ford, PA, 19317, United States.
| | - Donald Mencer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, United States.
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2
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Sun Z, Yan W, Xie L, Liu W, Xu C, Chen FE. A Robust Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Glycosyl Thiosulfonate and Boronic Acids Enables the Construction of Thioglycosides. Org Lett 2023; 25:5714-5718. [PMID: 37530179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and stereoretentive copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of glycosyl thiosulfonate and boronic acid for the construction of thioglycosides is described. The good functional group compatibility of this method allows the preparation of many bioactive aryl/alkenyl thioglycosides, including the hSGLT1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyao Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lihuang Xie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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3
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Zhong X, Zhao X, Ao J, Huang Y, Liu Y, Zhou S, Li B, Ishiwata A, Fang Q, Yang C, Cai H, Ding F. An experimental and theoretical study on stereocontrolled glycosylations by a “one-pot” procedure. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe a “one-pot” strategy to install the stereoselectivity of both α- and β-glycosides by changing reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiaming Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Bizhi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | | | - Qianglin Fang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chongguang Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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4
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Roux A, Loffredo S, Ferrara AL, Murphy PV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of S-simplexides and other analogues of simplexide. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Simplexides are natural glycolipids isolated from the marine sponge Plakortis simplex, and contain alkyl 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside. Simplexides can release of cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (CXCL-8) from human monocytes and cause the expansion of natural killer T-cells (iNKTs) in vitro, with iNKTs contributing to the sustenance of immune homeostasis. Herein, the stereoselective syntheses of S-glycosidic analogues, i.e. S-simplexides, are described. The routes included Lewis acid promoted anomerisation of glycosyl thiols and thioglycolipids, as well as anomeric S-alkylation. Synthesis of O-glycosidic analogues are included. Heptadecanyl O- and S-glycosides as well as the 17-tritriacontyl 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, a component of the natural simplexide isolate, all induced IL-6 and CXCL-8 production at both 10 and 30 μg/mL concentrations from PBMCs whereas the two S-simplexides were inactive. It is speculated that the lack of activity for the S-disaccharide analogue could be due to inhibition of cellular α-glucosidase, preventing degradation of the simplex disaccharide to a simpler galactopyranoside, whereas lack of activity for the S-galactolipid analogue could be due to increased conformational flexibility of S-glycosides. On the other hand, simpler unbranched O- and S-glycolipid analogues were active. Natural simplexide, and a synthetic simplexide, the 18-pentatriacontanyl 4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, were more potent than the new compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Roux
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
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5
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Doyle LM, Meany FB, Murphy PV. Lewis acid promoted anomerisation of alkyl O- and S-xylo-, arabino- and fucopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:85-94. [PMID: 30508660 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pentopyranoside and 6-deoxyhexopyranosides, such as those from d-xylose, l-arabinose and l-fucose are components of natural products, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Lewis acid promoted anomerisation of some of their alkyl O- and S-glycopyranosides is reported here. SnCl4 was more successful than TiCl4, with the latter giving the glycosyl chloride by-product in some cases, and both were superior to BF3OEt2. Kinetics study using 1H NMR spectroscopy showed an order of reactivity: O-xylopyranoside > O-arabinopyranoside > O-fucopyranoside. Benzoylated glycosides were more reactive than acetylated glycosides. The reactivity of S-glycosides was greater than that of O-glycosides for both arabinose and fucose derivatives; the reactivity of O- and S-xylopyranosides was similar. The highest stereoselectivities were observed for fucopyranosides. The β-d-xylopyranoside and α-l-arabinopyranoside reactants are conformationally more flexible than β-l-fucopyranosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Doyle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Fiach B Meany
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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6
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Montoir D, Amoura M, Ababsa ZEA, Vishwanatha TM, Yen-Pon E, Robert V, Beltramo M, Piller V, Alami M, Aucagne V, Messaoudi S. Synthesis of aryl-thioglycopeptides through chemoselective Pd-mediated conjugation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8753-8759. [PMID: 30627396 PMCID: PMC6295873 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe herein a Pd-catalyzed methodology for the thioglycoconjugation of iodoaryl peptides and aminoacids. This operationally simple process occurs under semi-aqueous conditions and displays wide substrate scope. The strategy has been successfully applied to both the thioglycosylation of unprotected peptides and the generation of thioglyco-aminoacid building blocks, including those suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis. To demonstrate the broad potential of this technique for late stage functionalization, we successfully incorporated challenging unprotected β-S-GlcNAc- and α-S-GalNAc-derivatives into very long unprotected peptides. This study opens the way to new applications in chemical biology, considering the well-recognized advantages of S-glycosides over O-glycosides in terms of resistance towards both enzymatic and chemical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montoir
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - Mehdi Amoura
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Zine El Abidine Ababsa
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - T M Vishwanatha
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Expédite Yen-Pon
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - Vincent Robert
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements , INRA , CNRS , Univ. Tours , IFCE , Nouzilly , France
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements , INRA , CNRS , Univ. Tours , IFCE , Nouzilly , France
| | - Véronique Piller
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
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7
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Influence of acyl groups on glucopyranoside reactivity in Lewis acid promoted anomerisation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Doyle LM, O'Sullivan S, Di Salvo C, McKinney M, McArdle P, Murphy PV. Stereoselective Epimerizations of Glycosyl Thiols. Org Lett 2018; 19:5802-5805. [PMID: 29039672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl thiols are widely used in stereoselective S-glycoside synthesis. Their epimerization from 1,2-trans to 1,2-cis thiols (e.g., equatorial to axial epimerization in thioglucopyranose) was attained using TiCl4, while SnCl4 promoted their axial-to-equatorial epimerization. The method included application for stereoselective β-d-manno- and β-l-rhamnopyranosyl thiol formation. Complex formation explains the equatorial preference when using SnCl4, whereas TiCl4 can shift the equilibrium toward the 1,2-cis thiol via 1,3-oxathiolane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Doyle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland H91 TK33
| | - Shane O'Sullivan
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland H91 TK33
| | - Claudia Di Salvo
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland H91 TK33
| | - Michelle McKinney
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland H91 TK33
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland H91 TK33
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland H91 TK33
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9
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Bonora B, Boos I, Clausen MH. Convergent strategy for the synthesis of S- linked oligoxylans. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:53-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Giralt E, Lo Re D. The Therapeutic Potential of Migrastatin-Core Analogs for the Treatment of Metastatic Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020198. [PMID: 28208778 PMCID: PMC6155687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a complex process in which cells detach from the primary tumor and colonize a distant organ. Metastasis is also the main process responsible for cancer-related death. Despite the enormous efforts made to unravel the metastatic process, there is no effective therapy, and patients with metastatic tumors have poor prognosis. In this regard, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic tools for the treatment of this disease. Small molecules with the capacity to reduce cell migration could be used to treat metastasis. Migrastatin-core analogs are naturally inspired macrocycles that inhibit pathological cell migration and are able to reduce metastasis in animal models. Migrastatin analogs can be synthesized from a common advanced intermediate. Herein we present a review of the synthetic approaches that can be used to prepare this key intermediate, together with a review of the biological activity of migrastatin-core analogs and current hypotheses concerning their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Daniele Lo Re
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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11
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Manabe S, Ito Y. Mycothiol synthesis by an anomerization reaction through endocyclic cleavage. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:328-33. [PMID: 26977192 PMCID: PMC4778527 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycothiol is found in Gram-positive bacteria, where it helps in maintaining a reducing intracellular environment and it plays an important role in protecting the cell from toxic chemicals. The inhibition of the mycothiol biosynthesis is considered as a treatment for tuberculosis. Mycothiol contains an α-aminoglycoside, which is difficult to prepare stereoselectively by a conventional glycosylation reaction. In this study, mycothiol was synthesized by an anomerization reaction from an easily prepared β-aminoglycoside through endocyclic cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Lab, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Lab, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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McDonagh AW, Mahon MF, Murphy PV. Lewis Acid Induced Anomerization of Se-Glycosides. Application to Synthesis of α-Se-GalCer. Org Lett 2016; 18:552-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. McDonagh
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Lo Re D, Zhou Y, Mucha J, Jones LF, Leahy L, Santocanale C, Krol M, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Migrastatin Analogues as Inhibitors of Tumour Cell Migration: Exploring Structural Change in and on the Macrocyclic Ring. Chemistry 2015; 21:18109-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Manabe S, Ito Y. Pyranosides with 2,3-trans carbamate groups: exocyclic or endocyclic cleavage reaction? CHEM REC 2014; 14:502-15. [PMID: 24914008 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyranosides with 2,3-trans carbamate groups exhibit high 1,2-cis selectivity in glycosylation reactions. Using glycosyl donors with N-benzyl 2,3-trans carbamate groups, an anti-Helicobacter pylori oligosaccharide was synthesized in an efficient manner. Moreover, pyranosides with 2,3-trans carbamate groups readily undergo anomerization from the β to the α configuration under mild acidic conditions via endocyclic cleavage. Acyclic cations generated during the endocyclic cleavage reaction were captured using reduction and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction. By exploiting this anomerization, multiply aligned 1,2-trans glycosyl bonds can be transformed to 1,2-cis glycosyl bonds in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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15
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McDonagh AW, Murphy PV. Synthesis of α-galactosyl ceramide analogues with an α-triazole at the anomeric carbon. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Thomson JE. Direct asymmetric syntheses of chiral aldehydes and ketones via N-acyl chiral auxiliary derivatives including chiral Weinreb amide equivalents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:8586-98. [PMID: 23959006 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article covers N-acyl chiral auxiliary-based approaches to the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure aldehydes and ketones. The use of diastereoisomerically pure N-acyl derivatives of chiral auxiliaries (including chiral Weinreb amide equivalents) and their conversion to the corresponding enantiopure aldehydes and ketones in a single synthetic operation by treatment with a hydride reducing agent or an organometallic reagent, respectively, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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17
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Farrell M, Zhou J, Murphy PV. Regiospecific Anomerisation of Acylated Glycosyl Azides and Benzoylated Disaccharides by Using TiCl4. Chemistry 2013; 19:14836-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Synthesis of α-O- and α-S-glycosphingolipids related to Sphingomonous cell wall antigens using anomerisation. Molecules 2013; 18:11198-218. [PMID: 24036511 PMCID: PMC6270446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analogues of glycolipids from Spingomonadacaece with O- and S- and SO2-linkages have been prepared using chelation induced anomerisation promoted by TiCl4. Included are examples of the anomerisation of intermediates with O- and S-glycosidic linkages as well as isomerisation of β-thioglycuronic acids (β-glycosyl thiols). The β-O-glucuronide and β-O-galacturonide precursors were efficiently prepared using benzoylated trichloroacetimidates. β-Glycosyl thiols were precursors to β-S-derivatives. Triazole containing mimics of the natural glycolipids were prepared using CuI promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions in THF. The glycolipid antigens are being evaluated currently for their effects on iNKT cells.
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