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Shetti VS. Conformationally rigid, π-extended annulated porphyrinoids derived from the naphthobipyrrole motif. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4452-4470. [PMID: 35579080 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Extension in porphyrinoids can be achieved by fusing additional aromatic rings onto the macrocycle's periphery and such porphyrinoids are referred to as annulated porphyrinoids. Annulated porphyrinoids display contrasting properties in comparison with their non-annulated congeners. While an annulation strategy can create π-extended systems, the simultaneous incorporation of conformational rigidity in such porphyrinoids can ensure that they adopt a planar structure, and the advantages associated with the extended π-network can be leveraged. Hence, while synthesizing such porphyrinoids, judicial selection of the precursor becomes important. The ease of synthesis and the presence of a β-β'-linked o-phenylene bridge qualify 3,8-1,10-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrrolo[3,2-g]indole, commonly known as naphthobipyrrole, to be one such precursor suitable for the synthesis of conformationally rigid annulated porphyrinoids. This field of study has started to bloom only in the last decade and the examples reported so far are confined to the naphtho-versions of porphycenes (isomeric porphyrin), a few members of the aromatic/antiaromatic expanded porphyrinoids, and calix[n]bipyrroles. In view of this, the current review article aims to summarize the up-to-date developments in this area and discusses the synthesis, structure, and properties of the reported naphthobipyrrole-derived annulated porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra S Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India.
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2
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Pascal S, David S, Andraud C, Maury O. Near-infrared dyes for two-photon absorption in the short-wavelength infrared: strategies towards optical power limiting. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6613-6658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of two-photon absorbing chromophores in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range (SWIR 1100–2500 nm) are summarized, highlighting the development of optical power limiting devices in this spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascal
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Sylvain David
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon
- ENS Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- 69364 Lyon
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Firmansyah D, Hong SJ, Dutta R, He Q, Bae J, Jo H, Kim H, Ok KM, Lynch VM, Byon HR, Sessler JL, Lee CH. Trapping of Stable [4n+1] π-Electron Species from Peripherally Substituted, Conformationally Rigid, Antiaromatic Hexaphyrins. Chemistry 2019; 25:3525-3531. [PMID: 30684359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally substituted antiaromatic naphthorosarins have been synthesized for the first time. The synthesis was accomplished by acid-catalyzed condensation of naphthobipyrrole building blocks with aromatic aldehydes. The naphthobipyrrole building blocks were synthesized by simple oxidative coupling of the corresponding pyrrole substituted aromatics. Solid-state structural analyses of the synthesized naphthorosarins revealed that the presence of meso-2,6-dichlorophenyl- and 5,6-difluoro-substitution substantially alter the geometry and properties of the naphthorosarins. The substituents affect the redox potentials as well and, in turn, the proton-coupled electron-transfer processes leading to the formation of one- and two-electron reduced forms of the corresponding naphthorosarins. One particular naphthorosarin that bears both peripheral fluorine and meso-2,6-dichlorophenyl substituents forms a stable 25 π-electron species upon treating with TFA that was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The current study underscores how structural modifications can be used to fine-tune the electronic features of naphthorosarins, including stabilization of odd electron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikhi Firmansyah
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Qing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Jinhee Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Advanced Battery Center, NanoCentury, KAIST Institute, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hongil Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Hakwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yong, In, 17104, Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Advanced Battery Center, NanoCentury, KAIST Institute, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University
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Brewster JT, Anguera G, Moore MD, Dolinar BS, Zafar H, Thiabaud GD, Lynch VM, Humphrey SM, Sessler JL. Synthesis and Characterization of a Binuclear Copper(II) Naphthoisoamethyrin Complex Displaying Weak Antiferromagnetic Coupling. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12665-12669. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Gonzalo Anguera
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Brian S. Dolinar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Grégory D. Thiabaud
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Sarma
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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Abstract
A large number of porphyrinoids containing 2,2'-bipyrrole subunits have appeared since they were originally found as a component of sapphyrin and corrole, and it was found that the bipyrrole subunit endowed macrocycles with specific geometric features and electronic properties. Synthetic methods for bipyrrole-containing precursors for porphyrinoid are summarized in this review; these include coupling reactions of pyrrole rings, pyrrole ring-forming reactions leading directly to bipyrrole units, and synthetic reactions for oligopyrrolic compounds. Some hybrid oligopyrroles having nonpyrrole (hetero)aromatic ring(s) are also included. This review also describes porphyrinoids composed of bipyrrole subunits. Interesting electronic properties derived from strong cyclo-π-conjugation are highlighted in the bipyrrole-based porphyrinoids with or without meso-like carbons. Anion-binding chemistry is one of the main topics for bipyrrole-based macrocycles with less efficient or deficient cyclo-π-conjugation, such as those linked with electronically localized aromatic ring(s), with sp3 carbon(s), and with amido or imine connection(s). The principal concern in this review is porphyrinoids of relatively large ring size, composed of more than five units of pyrroles and (hetero)aromatic substitutes in total, and so bipyrrole-based porphyrinoids up to five pyrrolic units, such as corroles, porphycenes, sapphyrins, and smaragdyrin, will not be covered here except for some special cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Setsune
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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10
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Okujima T, Ando C, Agrawal S, Matsumoto H, Mori S, Ohara K, Hisaki I, Nakae T, Takase M, Uno H, Kobayashi N. Template Synthesis of Decaphyrin without Meso-Bridges: Cyclo[10]pyrrole. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Chie Ando
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Saurabh Agrawal
- Faculty
of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced
Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Keishi Ohara
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakae
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty
of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Sarma T, Panda PK, Setsune JI. Bis-naphthobipyrrolylmethene derived BODIPY complex: an intense near-infrared fluorescent dye. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:9806-8. [PMID: 24030220 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a novel π-extended BODIPY derived from naphthobipyrrole is presented. This dye molecule displays very intense near-infrared (NIR) absorption (ε > 400,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) and emission bands (>700 nm), accompanied by high quantum yield (φf = 0.65) owing to its extended π-conjugation along with imposed structural rigidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Sarma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Kowalska P, Gawinkowski S, Sarma T, Panda PK, Waluk J. Structure, Electronic States, and Anion-Binding Properties of Cyclo[4]naphthobipyrroles. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:1038-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412139r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | | | - Tridib Sarma
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | | | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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Okujima T, Ando C, Mori S, Nakae T, Yamada H, Uno H. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Cyclo[8](9,10-dihydro-9,10-anthraceno)pyrrole. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okujima T, Ando C, Mack J, Mori S, Hisaki I, Nakae T, Yamada H, Ohara K, Kobayashi N, Uno H. Acenaphthylene-Fused Cyclo[8]pyrroles with Intense Near-IR-Region Absorption Bands. Chemistry 2013; 19:13970-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Swain D, Anusha P, Sarma T, Panda PK, Venugopal Rao S. Dispersion studies of optical nonlinearity and excited state dynamics in cyclo[4]naphthobipyrroles. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Grzybowski M, Skonieczny K, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Oxidative aromatische Kupplung und Scholl-Reaktion im Vergleich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Grzybowski M, Skonieczny K, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Comparison of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling and the Scholl Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9900-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Roznyatovskiy VV, Lee CH, Sessler JL. π-Extended isomeric and expanded porphyrins. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1921-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35418g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Jana A, Ishida M, Kwak K, Sung YM, Kim DS, Lynch VM, Lee D, Kim D, Sessler JL. Comparative electrochemical and photophysical studies of tetrathiafulvalene-annulated porphyrins and their Zn(II) complexes: the effect of metalation and structural variation. Chemistry 2012. [PMID: 23180557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-annulated porphyrins, and their corresponding Zn(II) complexes, have been synthesized. Detailed electrochemical, photophysical, and theoretical studies reveal the effects of intramolecular charge-transfer transitions that originate from the TTF fragments to the macrocyclic core. The incremental synthetic addition of TTF moieties to the porphyrin core makes the species more susceptible to these charge-transfer (CT) effects as evidenced by spectroscopic studies. On the other hand, regular positive shifts in the reduction signals are seen in the square-wave voltammograms as the number of TTF subunits increases. Structural studies that involve the tetrakis-substituted TTF-porphyrin (both free-base and Zn(II) complex) reveal only modest deviations from planarity. The effect of TTF substitution is thus ascribed to electronic overlap between annulated TTF subunits rather than steric effects. The directly linked thiafulvalene subunits function as both π acceptors as well as σ donors. Whereas σ donation accounts for the substituent-dependent charge-transfer transitions, it is the π-acceptor nature of the appended tetrathiafulvalene groups that dominates the redox chemistry. Interactions between the subunits are also reflected in the square-wave voltammograms. In the case of the free-base derivatives that bear multiple TTF subunits, the neighboring TTF units, as well as the TTF(⋅+) generated through one-electron oxidation, can interact with each other; this gives rise to multiple signals in the square-wave voltammograms. On the other hand, after metalation, the electronic communication between the separate TTF moieties becomes restricted and they act as separate redox centers under conditions of oxidation. Thus only two signals, which correspond to TTF(⋅+) and TTF(2+), are observed. The reduction potentials are also seen to shift towards more negative values after metalation, a finding that is considered to reflect an increased HOMO-LUMO gap. To probe the excited-state dynamics and internal CT character, transient absorption spectral studies were performed. These analyses revealed that all the TTF-porphyrins of this study display relatively short excited-state lifetimes, which range from 1 to 20 ps. This reflects a very fast decay to the ground state and is consistent with the proposed intramolecular charge-transfer effects inferred from the ground-state studies. Complementary DFT calculations provide a mechanistic rationale for the electron flow within the TTF-porphyrins and support the proposed intramolecular charge-transfer interactions and π-acceptor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120 749, South Korea
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Bui TT, Iordache A, Chen Z, Roznyatovskiy VV, Saint-Aman E, Lim JM, Lee BS, Ghosh S, Moutet JC, Sessler JL, Kim D, Bucher C. Electrochemical Synthesis of a Thiophene-Containing Cyclo[9]pyrrole. Chemistry 2012; 18:5853-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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