Stereoselective vinylation of aryl N-(2-pyridylsulfonyl) aldimines with 1-alkenyl-1,1-heterobimetallic reagents

Synthesis and reactivity of alkynyl boron compounds

Over the last century, there have been considerable developments in organoboron chemistry due to the stability, non-toxicity, and easy commercial availability of various boronic esters. Several organoboron reagents have emerged and play an increasingly important role in everyday organic synthesis. Among them, alkynyl boron compounds have attracted significant attention due to their easy synthesis and diverse reactivity. In this review, we summarize the advancement of research on alkynyl boron compounds, highlighting their importance in the synthesis of valuable compounds.

Synthesis of Alkenyl Boronates from Epoxides with Di-[B(pin)]-methane via Pd-Catalyzed Dehydroboration

A practical and broadly applicable catalytic method for the synthesis of (E)-alkenylborons is presented. Reactions are promoted by [Pd(Cl)(η³-C₃H₅)]₂ and proceed by the dehydroboration of cyclic borates. Through the use of epoxides and readily available di-B(pin)-methane (pin = pinacolato), a range of allylic alcohol-containing alkenyl boronates, including those that contain a tertiary alcohol, may be prepared in up to 75% yield and >20:1 E/Z.

Catalytic Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of β-Fluoroalkylated α,β-Unsaturated 2-Pyridylsulfones with Nitrones for Chiral Fluoroalkylated Isoxazolidines and γ-Amino Alcohols

2-Pyridylsulfone- and fluoroalkylated group-activated olefins underwent highly efficient diastereo- and enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions across various aromatic and aliphatic nitrones in the presence of a chiral Ni^II /bis(oxazoline) catalyst. The process was tuned by 4 Å molecular sieves, chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands, reaction solvents, and temperature. A wide array of optically pure fluoroalkylated isoxazolidines were obtained, thus facilitating the asymmetric synthesis of an enantioenriched α-trifluoromethylated γ-amino alcohol in gram-scale and a trifluoromethylated derivative of 1,3-oxazinan-2-one with potential pharmaceutical interest. A stereochemical model, based on the absolute configuration of one adduct and some control experiments, was postulated to account for the observed endo- and enantioselectivity.

Breaking Conjugation: Unusual Regioselectivity with 2-Substituted Allylic Substrates in the Tsuji-Trost Reaction

η³-Allyl palladium complexes are key intermediates in Tsuji-Trost allylic substitution reactions. It is well known that (η³-1-aryl-3-alkyl substituted allyl)Pd intermediates result in nucleophilic attack at the alkyl substituted terminus. In contrast, the chemistry of (η³-1,2,3-trisubstituted allyl)Pd intermediates is relatively unexplored. Herein we probe the regioselectivity with 1,2,3-trisubstituted allylic substrates in Tsuji-Trost allylic substitution reactions. DFT investigation of cationic (η³-1-Ph-2-B(pin)-3-alkyl-allyl)Pd(PPh₃)₂ intermediates predict that nucleophilic attack should occur preferentially on anti-allyls rather than the syn-isomers to generate benzylic substitution products under Curtin-Hammett conditions. Experimentally, systematic studies with 1,2,3-trisubstituted allylic substrates revealed that a Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER) is observed when Charton steric parameters of the C-2 substituents are plotted against the log of the ratio of regioisomers. Bulkier C-2 substituents in 1,2,3-trisubstituted η³-allyl palladium intermediates provide stronger preference for nucleophilic attack at anti-oriented benzylic termini. Additionally, the geometry of 1,4-elimination products supports the presence of anti-allyl palladium intermediates.

Outer-sphere direction in iridium C-H borylation

The NHBoc group affords ortho selective C-H borylations in arenes and alkenes. Experimental and computational studies support an outer sphere mechanism where the N-H proton hydrogen bonds to a boryl ligand oxygen. The regioselectivities are unique and complement those of directed ortho metalations.