1
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Roesner S, Beadle JD, Tam LKB, Wilkening I, Clarkson GJ, Raubo P, Shipman M. Development of oxetane modified building blocks for peptide synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5400-5405. [PMID: 32618315 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01208d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and use of oxetane modified dipeptide building blocks in solution and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is reported. The preparation of building blocks containing non-glycine residues at the N-terminus in a stereochemically controlled manner is challenging. Here, a practical 4-step route to such building blocks is demonstrated, through the synthesis of dipeptides containing contiguous alanine residues. The incorporation of these new derivatives at specific sites along the backbone of an alanine-rich peptide sequence containing eighteen amino acids is demonstrated via solid-phase peptide synthesis. Additionally, new methods to enable the incorporation of all 20 of the proteinogenic amino acids into such dipeptide building blocks are reported through modifications of the synthetic route (for Cys and Met) and by changes to the protecting group strategy (for His, Ser and Thr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roesner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jonathan D Beadle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Leo K B Tam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ina Wilkening
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Piotr Raubo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Shipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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2
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Vera S, Vázquez A, Rodriguez R, Pozo SD, Urruzuno I, Cózar AD, Mielgo A, Palomo C. Synthesis of β-Hydroxy α-Amino Acids Through Brønsted Base-Catalyzed syn-Selective Direct Aldol Reaction of Schiff Bases of Glycine o-Nitroanilide. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7757-7772. [PMID: 33998227 PMCID: PMC9490875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Here
we report the highly enantio- and syn-selective
synthesis of β-hydroxy α-amino acids from glycine imine
derivatives under Brønsted base (BB) catalysis. The key of this
approach is the use of benzophenone-derived imine of glycine o-nitroanilide as a pronucleophile, where the o-nitroanilide framework provides an efficient hydrogen-bonding platform
that accounts for nucleophile reactivity and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sandra Del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iñaki Urruzuno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Abel de Cózar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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3
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Abstract
We report the first synthesis of the complex amino acid labionin in a fully orthogonally protected and stereopure form. The structure-which incorporates five orthogonal protecting groups and three stereogenic centers-was assembled using two key synthetic steps: (1) a thia-Michael addition for installing the thioether bridge; (2) an electrophilic azidation for creating the central quaternary α-amino acid carbon in a stereochemically pure form. This work is expected to enable the solid phase synthesis of both natural and synthetic analogues labyrinthopeptins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lo Presti
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
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4
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Esterifications with 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,2,2-Trichloroacetimidate. ORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/org2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate is readily synthesized from 2-trimethylsilylethanol in high yield. This imidate is an effective reagent for the formation of 2-trimethylsilylethyl esters without the need for an exogenous promoter or catalyst, as the carboxylic acid substrate is acidic enough to promote ester formation without an additive. A deuterium labeling study indicated that a β-silyl carbocation intermediate is involved in the transformation.
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5
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Li ML, Yu JH, Li YH, Zhu SF, Zhou QL. Highly enantioselective carbene insertion into N-H bonds of aliphatic amines. Science 2020; 366:990-994. [PMID: 31753998 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic amines strongly coordinate, and therefore easily inhibit, the activity of transition-metal catalysts, posing a marked challenge to nitrogen-hydrogen (N-H) insertion reactions. Here, we report highly enantioselective carbene insertion into N-H bonds of aliphatic amines using two catalysts in tandem: an achiral copper complex and chiral amino-thiourea. Coordination by a homoscorpionate ligand protects the copper center that activates the carbene precursor. The chiral amino-thiourea catalyst then promotes enantioselective proton transfer to generate the stereocenter of the insertion product. This reaction couples a wide variety of diazo esters and amines to produce chiral α-alkyl α-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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6
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Mahajani NS, Meador RIL, Smith TJ, Canarelli SE, Adhikari AA, Shah JP, Russo CM, Wallach DR, Howard KT, Millimaci AM, Chisholm JD. Ester Formation via Symbiotic Activation Utilizing Trichloroacetimidate Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7871-7882. [PMID: 31117564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroacetimidates are useful reagents for the synthesis of esters under mild conditions that do not require an exogenous promoter. These conditions avoid the undesired decomposition of substrates with sensitive functional groups that are often observed with the use of strong Lewis or Brønsted acids. With heating, these reactions have been extended to benzyl esters without electron-donating groups. These inexpensive and convenient methods should find application in the formation of esters in complex substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita S Mahajani
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Rowan I L Meador
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Tomas J Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Sarah E Canarelli
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Jigisha P Shah
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Christopher M Russo
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Daniel R Wallach
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Kyle T Howard
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Alexandra M Millimaci
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
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7
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Adhikari AA, Radal L, Chisholm JD. Synthesis of 3,3'-Disubstituted Indolenines Utilizing the Lewis Acid Catalyzed Alkylation of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with Trichloroacetimidates. Synlett 2017; 28:2335-2339. [PMID: 29033500 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroacetimidates function as effective electrophiles for the selective C3-alkylation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles to provide 3,3'-disubstituted indolenines. These indolenines are common synthetic intermediates that are often utilized in the synthesis of complex molecules. Effective reaction conditions utilizing Lewis acid catalysts have been determined, and the scope of the reaction with respect to indole and imidate reaction partner has been investigated. This chemistry provides an alternative to base promoted and transition metal catalyzed methods that are more commonly utilized to access similar indolenines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Léa Radal
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244
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8
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Beadle JD, Knuhtsen A, Hoose A, Raubo P, Jamieson AG, Shipman M. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oxetane Modified Peptides. Org Lett 2017; 19:3303-3306. [PMID: 28585839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is used to create peptidomimetics in which one of the backbone amide C═O bonds is replaced by a four-membered oxetane ring. The oxetane containing dipeptide building blocks are made in three steps in solution, then integrated into peptide chains by conventional Fmoc SPPS. This methodology is used to make a range of peptides in high purity including backbone modified derivatives of the nonapeptide bradykinin and Met- and Leu-enkephalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Beadle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Alex Hoose
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Piotr Raubo
- IMED Oncology, AstraZeneca , 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Andrew G Jamieson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Michael Shipman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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9
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Schettini R, De Riccardis F, Della Sala G, Izzo I. Enantioselective Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives Promoted by Cyclic Peptoids under Phase-Transfer Conditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2494-505. [PMID: 26914694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of substituents and cavity size on catalytic efficiency of proline-rich cyclopeptoids under phase-transfer conditions were studied. High affinity constants (Ka) for the sodium and potassium cations, comparable to those reported for crown ethers, were observed for an alternated N-benzylglycine/L-proline hexameric cyclopeptoid. This compound was found to catalyze the alkylation of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine cumyl ester in values of enantioselectivities comparable with those reported for the Cinchona alkaloid ammonium salts derivatives (83-96% ee), and with lower catalyst loading (1-2.5% mol), in the presence of a broad range of benzyl, allyl and alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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10
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Stereoselective synthesis of unsaturated α-amino acids. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1107-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Guo J, Yu S. Enantioselective synthesis of benzoindolizidine derivatives using chiral phase-transfer catalytic intramolecular domino aza-Michael addition/alkylation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02227k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and enantioselective strategy to synthesize benzoindolizidinesviadomino intramolecular aza-Michael addition/alkylation was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
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12
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13
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Danner P, Morkunas M, Maier ME. Synthesis of D-abrines by palladium-catalyzed reaction of ortho-iodoanilines with N-Boc-N-methylalanyl-substituted acetaldehyde and acetylene. Org Lett 2013; 15:2474-7. [PMID: 23631420 DOI: 10.1021/ol4009409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy to N-Boc-N-methyl--tryptophans (abrine derivatives) was developed that relies on the palladium-catalyzed annulation of ortho-iodoanilines 12 with either N-Boc-N-methyl-propargylglycine 16 or aldehyde 11. Both 11 and 16 can be prepared from d-serine. An alternative route to propargylglycine 16 utilizes an enantioselective propargylation reaction of glycine imine 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Danner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Shirakawa S, Maruoka K. Neue Entwicklungen bei asymmetrischen Phasentransferreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Shirakawa S, Maruoka K. Recent developments in asymmetric phase-transfer reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4312-48. [PMID: 23450630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis has been recognized as a powerful method for establishing practical protocols for organic synthesis, because it offers several advantages, such as operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, suitability for large-scale synthesis, and the environmentally benign nature of the reaction system. Since the pioneering studies on highly enantioselective alkylations promoted by chiral phase-transfer catalysts, this research field has served as an attractive area for the pursuit of "green" sustainable chemistry. A wide variety of asymmetric transformations catalyzed by chiral onium salts and crown ethers have been developed for the synthesis of valuable organic compounds in the past several decades, especially in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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16
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Hazarika P, Pahari P, Borah MJ, Konwar D. I2-SDS-H2O System: A highly Efficient Dual Catalytic Green System for Deprotection of Imines and in Situ Preparation of Bis(indolyl)alkanes from Indoles in Water. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:635835. [PMID: 24052848 PMCID: PMC3767350 DOI: 10.5402/2012/635835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel catalytic system consisting of I2-SDS-H2O has been developed which cleaves 2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene, 1-aza-1,3-butadienes, oximes and in presence of indoles in the medium uses the corresponding aldehyde products to produce bis(indolyl)alkanes in situ. This one pot simple and mild dual catalytic system works in water at room temperature under neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasa Hazarika
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology, Assam Jorhat 785010, India ; Synthetic Organic Chemistry Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam Jorhat 785006, India
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