1
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Mehara J, Anania M, Kočovský P, Roithová J. Competing Mechanisms in Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Styrene. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5710-5719. [PMID: 38660606 PMCID: PMC11036401 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation is a versatile method for the synthesis of various aldehydes, esters, lactones, or lactams. Alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes with carbon monoxide and alcohol produces either saturated or unsaturated esters as a result of two distinct catalytic cycles. The existing literature presents an inconsistent account of the procedures favoring oxidative carbonylation products. In this study, we have monitored the intermediates featured in both catalytic cycles of the methoxycarbonylation of styrene PhCH=CH2 as a model substrate, including all short-lived intermediates, using mass spectrometry. Comparing the reaction kinetics of the intermediates in both cycles in the same reaction mixture shows that the reaction proceeding via alkoxy intermediate [PdII]-OR, which gives rise to the unsaturated product PhCH=CHCO2Me, is faster. However, with an advancing reaction time, the gradually changing reaction conditions begin to favor the catalytic cycle dominated by palladium hydride [PdII]-H and alkyl intermediates, affording the saturated products PhCH2CH2CO2Me and PhCH(CO2Me)CH3 preferentially. The role of the oxidant proved to be crucial: using p-benzoquinone results in a gradual decrease of the pH during the reaction, swaying the system from oxidative conditions toward the palladium hydride cycle. By contrast, copper(II) acetate as an oxidant guards the pH within the 5-7 range and facilitates the formation of the alkoxy palladium complex [PdII]-OR, which favors the oxidative reaction producing PhCH=CHCO2Me with high selectivity. Hence, it is the oxidant, rather than the catalyst, that controls the reaction outcome by a mechanistic switch. Unraveling these principles broadens the scope for developing alkoxycarbonylation reactions and their application in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehara
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariarosa Anania
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kočovský
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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2
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Kőnig B, Sztanó G, Holczbauer T, Soós T. Syntheses of 2- and 3-Substituted Morpholine Congeners via Ring Opening of 2-Tosyl-1,2-Oxazetidine. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6182-6191. [PMID: 37125664 PMCID: PMC10167689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diastereoselective and diastereoconvergent syntheses of 2- and 3-substituted morpholine congeners are reported. Starting from tosyl-oxazatedine 1 and α-formyl carboxylates 2, base catalysis is utilized to yield morpholine hemiaminals. Their further synthetic elaborations allowed the concise constructions of conformationally rigid morpholines. The observed diastereoselectivities and the unusual diastereoconvergence in the photoredox radical processes seem to be the direct consequence of the avoidance of pseudo A1,3 strain between the C-3 substituent and the N-tosyl group and the anomeric effect of oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kőnig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sztanó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Nalikezhathu A, Tam A, Cherepakhin V, Do VK, Williams TJ. Synthesis of 1,4-Diazacycles by Hydrogen Borrowing. Org Lett 2023; 25:1754-1759. [PMID: 36867725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of 1,4-diazacycles by diol-diamine coupling, uniquely made possible with a (pyridyl)phosphine-ligated ruthenium(II) catalyst (1). The reactions can exploit either two sequential N-alkylations or an intermediate tautomerization pathway to yield piperazines and diazepanes; diazepanes are generally inaccessible by catalytic routes. Our conditions tolerate different amines and alcohols that are relevant to key medicinal platforms. We show the syntheses of the drugs cyclizine and homochlorcyclizine in 91% and 67% yields, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Nalikezhathu
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Adriane Tam
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Valeriy Cherepakhin
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Van K Do
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Travis J Williams
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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4
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Kim YH, Kim DB, Jang SS, Youn SW. Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Intramolecular Allylic C-H Amination of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenyl Amines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7574-7580. [PMID: 35549260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pd-Catalyzed intramolecular allylic C-H amination of 1,1-disubstituted alkenyl amines with various allylic tethers (X = O, NMs, CH2) was developed. This process allows for the divergent synthesis of 1,3-X,N-heterocycles through a regioselective allylic C-H cleavage and π-allylpalladium formation. Particularly noteworthy is the use of substrates containing a labile allylic moiety and new simple catalytic systems capable of promoting highly chemo- and regioselective allylic C-H amination by overcoming significant challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Kim
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Dong Bin Kim
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Su San Jang
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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5
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Ariyarathna JP, Alom NE, Roberts LP, Kaur N, Wu F, Li W. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Halonium Generation for Morpholine Synthesis and Claisen Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2947-2958. [PMID: 35142512 PMCID: PMC9205334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We disclose here practical strategies toward the synthesis of morpholines and Claisen rearrangement products based on the divergent reactivity of a common halonium intermediate. These reactions employ widely available alkenes in a Lewis acid-catalyzed halo-etherification process that can then transform them into the desired products with exceptional regioselectivity for both activated and unactivated olefins. Our mechanistic probe reveals an interesting regiochemical kinetic resolution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewani P Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Nur-E Alom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Leo P Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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6
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Yang D, Chen J, Huang Y, Pan H, Shi J, Zhang Y, Wang F, Li Z. Room-temperature Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclization through Synergistic Copper/TEMPO-catalyzed Radical Relay. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
- Engineering Experimental Teaching Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huiquan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Sajjad F, Chen Y, Tian X, Dong S, Gopi Krishna Reddy A, Hu W, Xing D. Facile synthesis of 1,4-oxazines by ruthenium-catalyzed tandem N-H insertion/cyclization of α-arylamino ketones and diazo pyruvates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1769-1772. [PMID: 33538720 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the rapid construction of 1,4-oxazines starting from simple α-amino ketones and diazo pyruvates under mild reaction conditions. This transformation is efficiently catalyzed by RuCl3 through a tandem N-H insertion/cyclization sequence via an enol formation. This reaction shows broad functional group tolerance, and the resulting 1,4-oxazine products show promising anticancer activities toward HCT116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Sajjad
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xue Tian
- A School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Suzhen Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | | | - Wenhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China. and A School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
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8
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Dai L, Yu S, Shao Y, Li R, Chen Z, Lv N, Chen J. Palladium-catalyzed C-H activation of simple arenes and cascade reaction with nitriles: access to 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1376-1379. [PMID: 33433549 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and straightforward protocol for the assembly of the pharmaceutically and biologically valuable oxazole skeleton is achieved for the first time from readily available simple arenes and functionalized aliphatic nitriles. This transformation involves palladium-catalyzed C-H activation, carbopalladation and a tandem annulation sequence in one pot. Notably, the reaction proceeds efficiently under redox-neutral conditions, and exhibits high atom-economy. Deuterium-labeling experiments suggested that C-H bond cleavage of the simple arenes might be the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dai
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Lin X, Zhang P, Shen M, Xu H, Xu D. Design and Synthesis of Pyridine and 1,3,5-Triazine PNP Pincer Ligands and Their Application in Cobalt Catalyzed Semihydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Sen A, Zhu L, Takizawa S, Takenaka K, Sasai H. Synthesis of Allylamine Derivatives
via
Intermolecular Aza‐Wacker‐Type Reaction Promoted by Palladium‐SPRIX Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Present Address: RIKENCenter for Sustainable Resource Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Linpeng Zhu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takenaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Present Address: National Institute of TechnologyKagawa College 551 Kohda, Takuma-cho, Mitoyo-shi Kagawa 769-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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11
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Itoh K, Takashino A, Ohtsuka A, Kobe M, Sawamura S, Kato R, Hirayama S, Karaki F, Mizuguchi T, Sato N, Tokunaga K, Toda Y, Suga H, Ishida H, Fujii H. Synthesis of 1,2,5‐Oxadiazinane Derivatives by Photochemical Cycloaddition of Nitrones with Diaminomethanes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Itoh
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashino
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohtsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKitasato University Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Mizuki Kobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKitasato University Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sawamura
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Ryo Kato
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of EngineeringShinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Shigeto Hirayama
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Fumika Karaki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Takaaki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
| | - Ken Tokunaga
- Division of Liberal Arts Center for Promotion of Higher EducationKogakuin University Tokyo 192-0015 Japan
| | - Yasunori Toda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of EngineeringShinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of EngineeringShinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceKitasato University Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of PharmacyKitasato University Tokyo 108-8641 Japan
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12
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Qian C, Tang W. A Versatile Synthesis of Vinyl-Substituted Heterocycles via Regio- and Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Allylic Substitution. Org Lett 2020; 22:4483-4488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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13
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Jones KD, Nutt MJ, Comninos E, Sobolev AN, Moggach SA, Miura T, Murakami M, Stewart SG. A One-Pot Reaction of α-Imino Rhodium Carbenoids and Halohydrins: Access to 2,6-Substituted Dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazines. Org Lett 2020; 22:3490-3494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran D. Jones
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J. Nutt
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elena Comninos
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Scott G. Stewart
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia (M310), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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14
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Sun M, Chen W, Xia X, Shen G, Ma Y, Yang J, Ding H, Wang Z. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Dehydrogenative [4 + 2] Annulation of Terminal Olefins with N-Sulfonyl Amides via C–H Activations. Org Lett 2020; 22:3229-3233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Weida Chen
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Xia
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
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15
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Tzara A, Xanthopoulos D, Kourounakis AP. Morpholine As a Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry: An Update on Synthetic Strategies. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:392-403. [PMID: 32017384 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine is a frequently used heterocycle in medicinal chemistry and a privileged structural component of bioactive molecules. This is mainly due to its contribution to a plethora of biological activities as well as to an improved pharmacokinetic profile of such bioactive molecules. The synthesis of morpholines is a subject of much study due to their biological and pharmacological importance, with the last such review being published in 2013. Here, an overview of the main approaches toward morpholine synthesis or functionalization is presented, emphasizing on novel work which has not been reviewed so far. This review is an update on synthetic strategies leading to easily accessible libraries of bioactives which are of interest for drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Tzara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Xanthopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
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16
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Abstract
This communication discloses the first examples of aza-Wacker cyclizations of sulfamate esters. Within the realm of related cyclization reactions, this protocol is differential in that it forms six-membered rings in good yield and uses catalytic amounts of palladium(0) rather than palladium(II) salts. These reactions scale well, and their products are demonstrated to be valuable synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand H. Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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17
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Morpholine as ubiquitous pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry: Deep insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103578. [PMID: 31978684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine is a versatile moiety, a privileged pharmacophore and an outstanding heterocyclic motif with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. The ability of morpholine to enhance the potency of the molecule through molecular interactions with the target protein (kinases) or to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties propelled medicinal chemists and researchers to synthesize morpholine ring by the efficient ways and to incorporate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic activities. The present review primarily focused on discussing the most promising synthetic leads containing morpholine ring along with structure-activity relationship (SAR) to reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity. This review outlines some of the recent effective chemical synthesis for morpholine ring. The review also highlighted the metabolic liability of some clinical drugs containing this nucleus and various researches on modified morpholine to enhance the metabolic stability of drugs as well. Drugs bearing morpholine ring and those under clinical trials are also mentioned with the role of morpholine and their mechanism of action. This review will provide the necessary knowledge base to the medicinal chemists in making strategic structural changes in designing morpholine derivatives.
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18
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Beigi‐Somar V, Homami SS, Ghazanfarpour‐Darjani M, Monzavi A. Copper‐catalyzed domino reaction between terminal alkynes, isocyanates, and oxiranes: An atom‐economic route to morpholine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Beigi‐Somar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Saied Homami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Monzavi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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19
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Samzadeh‐Kermani A. A simple route to morpholine derivatives via copper‐acetylide addition to carbodiimide in the presence of oxiranes. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Xu F, Korch KM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza-Heck Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13448-13451. [PMID: 31310448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an aza-Heck cyclization that allows the preparation of indoline scaffolds is described. Using N-hydroxy anilines as electrophiles, which can be easily accessed from the corresponding nitroarenes, this method provides indolines bearing pendant functionality and complex ring topologies. Synthesis of challenging indolines, such as those bearing fully substituted carbon atoms at C2, is also possible using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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21
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Xu F, Korch KM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza‐Heck Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Katerina M. Korch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Donald A. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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22
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Ebule R, Mudshinge S, Nantz MH, Mashuta MS, Hammond GB, Xu B. A 5 + 1 Protic Acid Assisted Aza-Pummerer Approach for Synthesis of 4-Chloropiperidines from Homoallylic Amines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3249-3259. [PMID: 30758961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report that HCl·DMPU induces the formation of (thiomethyl)methyl carbenium ion from DMSO under mild conditions. Homoallylic amines react with this electrophile to generate 4-chloropiperidines in good yields. The method applies to both aromatic and aliphatic amines. The use of HCl·DMPU as both non-nucleophilic base and chloride source constitutes an environmentally benign alternative for piperidine formation. The reaction has a broad substrate scope, and the conditions offer good chemical yields with high functional group tolerance and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Ebule
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Sagar Mudshinge
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Michael H Nantz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Mark S Mashuta
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky 40292 , United States
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , 2999 North Renmin Lu , Shanghai 201620 , China
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23
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Ogiwara Y, Suzuki Y, Sato K, Sakai N. Construction of N-Heterocyclic Systems Containing a Fully Substituted Allylic Carbon by Palladium/Phosphine Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:6965-6969. [PMID: 30351960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unique cyclization of benzamide derivatives that contain an alkyne by a Pd(0)/dialkyl(biaryl)phosphine catalytic system is reported. The reaction efficiently provides a variety of six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds that contain a fully substituted carbon center without the need for a stoichiometric additive. Mechanistic studies suggest that this unprecedented cyclization starts with the cleavage of a propargylic C-O bond, and a 1,3-diene has been identified as a relevant intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ogiwara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Yui Suzuki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Kazuya Sato
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
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24
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Sen A, Takenaka K, Sasai H. Enantioselective Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization Promoted by Pd-SPRIX Catalyst. Org Lett 2018; 20:6827-6831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takenaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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25
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Luo J, Xie C, Zhang Y, Huang SH, Zhu L, Hong R. Total syntheses of melinonine-E and strychnoxanthine: Evolution of the synthetic strategy enabled by novel method development. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Wen K, Wu Z, Chen B, Chen J, Zhang W. Pd(ii)-Catalyzed aerobic 1,2-difunctionalization of conjugated dienes: efficient synthesis of morpholines and 2-morpholones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5618-5625. [PMID: 30027979 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient methodology concerning the Pd(ii)-catalyzed intermolecular difunctionalization of conjugated dienes is reported to synthesize a series of functionalized morpholines and 2-morpholones. Widely distributed and easily obtained β-amino alcohols and α-amino acids, as starting nitrogen and oxygen sources, are successfully applied in the difunctionalization of conjugated dienes respectively. The majority of the desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Oxygen was successfully employed as a terminal oxidant. Further transformation of the generated products allowed for the expansion of structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
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27
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Das BK, Pradhan S, Punniyamurthy T. Stereospecific Ring Opening and Cycloisomerization of Aziridines with Propargylamines: Synthesis of Functionalized Piperazines and Tetrahydropyrazines. Org Lett 2018; 20:4444-4448. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Ketan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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28
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Huh CW, Bechle BM, Warmus JS. Development of a scalable synthetic route towards a 2,2,6-trisubstituted chiral morpholine via stereoselective hydroalkoxylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Catalytic Aza-Wacker Annulation: Tuning Mechanism by the Activation Mode of Amide and Enantioselective Syntheses of Melinonine-E and Strychnoxanthine. Org Lett 2018; 20:2386-2390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Ye Z, Adhikari S, Xia Y, Dai M. Expedient syntheses of N-heterocycles via intermolecular amphoteric diamination of allenes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:721. [PMID: 29459667 PMCID: PMC5818626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated 1,4-diazo heterocycles including piperazines, 1,4-diazepanes, and 1,4-diazocanes, are highly important for therapeutic development, but their syntheses are often tedious. We describe here an amphoteric diamination strategy to unite readily available 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diamine derivatives with electron-deficient allenes via a formal [n + 2] (n = 4, 5, 6) cyclization mode to produce the corresponding 1,4-diazo heterocycles in just one step. This strategy features mild reaction conditions, high functional group tolerance, and scalability (gram scale). The reagents used are cheap and readily available and no transition metal catalysts are needed. More sophisticated products containing trifluoromethyl group or bicyclic ring systems can be accessed via a one-pot procedure as well. Our mechanistic studies support that formation of mono-iodinated or chlorinated diamine intermediates is important for the desired transformation and the commonly proposed chloride-iodide exchange process and a radical N-C bond formation is unlikely when the combination of NCS/KI is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Sarju Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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31
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Wang Z, He Z, Zhang L, Huang Y. Iridium-Catalyzed Aerobic α,β-Dehydrogenation of γ,δ-Unsaturated Amides and Acids: Activation of Both α- and β-C-H bonds through an Allyl-Iridium Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:735-740. [PMID: 29251918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct aerobic α,β-dehydrogenation of γ,δ-unsaturated amides and acids using a simple iridium/copper relay catalysis system is described. We developed a new strategy that overcomes the challenging issue associated with the low α-acidity of amides and acids. Instead of α-C-H metalation, this reaction proceeds by β-C-H activation, which results in enhanced α-acidity. Conjugated dienamides and dienoic acids were synthesized in excellent yield with this reaction, which uses a simple reaction protocol. Mechanistic experiments suggest a catalyst resting state mechanism in which both α-C-H and β-C-H cleavage is accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiqi He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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32
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Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS. Ligand-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2636-2679. [PMID: 28975795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions have been the focus of industrial application and extensive research efforts for nearly 60 years. A significant transition occurred in this field approximately 20 years ago, with the introduction of catalysts supported by ancillary ligands. The ligands play crucial roles in the reactions, including promotion of direct oxidation of palladium(0) by O2, bypassing the typical requirement for Cu salts or related redox cocatalysts to facilitate oxidation of the reduced Pd catalyst; facilitation of key bond-breaking and bond-forming steps during substrate oxidation; and modulation of chemo-, regio-, or stereoselectivity of a reaction. The use of ligands has contributed to significant expansion of the scope of accessible aerobic oxidation reactions. Increased understanding of the role of ancillary ligands should promote the development of new synthetic transformations, enable improved control over the reaction selectivity, and improve catalyst activity and stability. This review surveys the different ligands that have been used to support palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions and, where possible, describes mechanistic insights into the role played by the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Paul B White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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33
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Yamazaki S, Naito T, Niina M, Kakiuchi K. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of Ethenetricarboxylates via Intramolecular Hydride Transfer. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6748-6763. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Yamazaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Taku Naito
- Department
of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Mamiko Niina
- Department
of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama,
Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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34
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Son J, Kim KH, Mo D, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Single‐Step Modular Synthesis of Unsaturated Morpholine
N
‐Oxides and Their Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3059-3063. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Dong‐Liang Mo
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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35
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Son J, Kim KH, Mo D, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Single‐Step Modular Synthesis of Unsaturated Morpholine
N
‐Oxides and Their Cycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Dong‐Liang Mo
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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36
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Pradhan S, Shahi CK, Bhattacharyya A, Chauhan N, Ghorai MK. Divergent and Stereospecific Routes to Five to Eight-Membered 1,3- and 1,4-Di-Aza-Heterocycles via Ring-Opening Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with Aryl Amines. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Chandan Kumar Shahi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Navya Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
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37
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Ye L, Lo KY, Gu Q, Yang D. Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Access to Diverse N-Heterocycles. Org Lett 2017; 19:308-311. [PMID: 28045266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed intramolecular aminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes in the absence of an external ligand and oxidant is described. New C-N and C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds are formed simultaneously. This general transformation allows for construction of diverse N-heterocycles. Mechanistic studies show that the process may involve a four-membered Pd(alkyl)amido intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yip Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Qiangshuai Gu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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38
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Xue T, Lin Z, Chiu CY, Li Y, Ruan L, Wang G, Zhao Z, Lee C, Duan X, Huang Y. Molecular ligand modulation of palladium nanocatalysts for highly efficient and robust heterogeneous oxidation of cyclohexenone to phenol. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600615. [PMID: 28070555 PMCID: PMC5218513 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are emerging as an exciting class of heterogeneous catalysts with the potential advantages of exceptional activity, stability, recyclability, and easier separation than homogeneous catalysts. The traditional colloid nanoparticle syntheses usually involve strong surface binding ligands that could passivate the surface active sites and result in poor catalytic activity. The subsequent removal of surface ligands could reactivate the surface but often leads to metal ion leaching and/or severe Ostwald ripening with diminished catalytic activity or poor stability. Molecular ligand engineering represents a powerful strategy for the design of homogeneous molecular catalysts but is insufficiently explored for nanoparticle catalysts to date. We report a systematic investigation on molecular ligand modulation of palladium (Pd) nanoparticle catalysts. Our studies show that β-functional groups of butyric acid ligand on Pd nanoparticles can significantly modulate the catalytic reaction process to modify the catalytic activity and stability for important aerobic reactions. With a β-hydroxybutyric acid ligand, the Pd nanoparticle catalysts exhibit exceptional catalytic activity and stability with an unsaturated turnover number (TON) >3000 for dehydrogenative oxidation of cyclohexenone to phenol, greatly exceeding that of homogeneous Pd(II) catalysts (TON, ~30). This study presents a systematic investigation of molecular ligand modulation of nanoparticle catalysts and could open up a new pathway toward the design and construction of highly efficient and robust heterogeneous catalysts through molecular ligand engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chin-Yi Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lingyan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chain Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.D.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.D.); (Y.H.)
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39
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Lau YY, Zhai H, Schafer LL. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Morpholines. Using Mechanistic Insights To Realize the Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperazines. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8696-8709. [PMID: 27668321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and practical catalytic approach for the enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted morpholines through a tandem sequential one-pot reaction employing both hydroamination and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions is described. Starting from ether-containing aminoalkyne substrates, a commercially available bis(amidate)bis(amido)Ti catalyst is utilized to yield a cyclic imine that is subsequently reduced using the Noyori-Ikariya catalyst, RuCl [(S,S)-Ts-DPEN] (η6-p-cymene), to afford chiral 3-substituted morpholines in good yield and enantiomeric excesses of >95%. A wide range of functional groups is tolerated. Substrate scope investigations suggest that hydrogen-bonding interactions between the oxygen in the backbone of the ether-containing substrate and the [(S,S)-Ts-DPEN] ligand of the Ru catalyst are crucial for obtaining high ee's. This insight led to a mechanistic proposal that predicts the observed absolute stereochemistry. Most importantly, this mechanistic insight allowed for the extension of this strategy to include N as an alternative hydrogen bond acceptor that could be incorporated into the substrate. Thus, the catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted piperazines is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Huimin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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40
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Wang SR, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Gago F, Fang WS. A novel C,D-spirodioxene taxoid synthesized through an unexpected Pd-mediated ring cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:345-52. [PMID: 26603551 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel C,D-spirodioxene taxoid (6) was prepared from paclitaxel (1a), with the key steps including an unexpected Pd-mediated ring cyclization. The anti-tubulin activity of 6 was decreased relative to that of 1a and a previously reported C,D-spirolactone taxane (5). These observations could be rationalized on the basis of molecular modeling results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example indicating that 1,4-dioxenes can be synthesized from a mono-allyl vicinal diol through a Wacker-type cyclization. This strategy may be applicable to the synthesis of other C,D-spiro taxoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del CSIC, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del CSIC, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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41
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White PB, Jaworski JN, Zhu GH, Stahl SS. Diazafluorenone-Promoted Oxidation Catalysis: Insights into the Role of Bidentate Ligands in Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Aza-Wacker Reactions. ACS Catal 2016; 6:3340-3348. [PMID: 27175308 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and related bidentate ligands often inhibit homogeneous Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions; however, certain derivatives, such as 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (DAF), can promote catalysis. In order to gain insight into this divergent ligand behavior, eight different bpy- and phen-derived chelating ligands have been evaluated in Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of (E)-4-hexenyltosylamide. Two of the ligands, DAF and 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6,6'-Me2bpy), support efficient catalytic turnover, while the others strongly inhibit the reaction. DAF is especially effective and is the only ligand that exhibits "ligand-accelerated catalysis". Evidence suggests that the utility of DAF and 6,6'-Me2bpy originates from the ability of these ligands to access κ1-coordination modes via dissociation of one of the pyridyl rings. This hemilabile character is directly observed by NMR spectroscopy upon adding one equivalent of pyridine to solutions of 1:1 L/Pd(OAc)2 (L = DAF and 6,6'-Me2bpy), and is further supported by an X-ray crystal structure of Pd(py)(κ1-DAF)OAc2. DFT computational studies illuminate the influence of three different chelating ligands [DAF, 6,6'-Me2bpy, and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2phen)] on the energetics of the aza-Wacker reaction pathway. The results show that DAF and 6,6'-Me2bpy destabilize the corresponding ground-state Pd(N~N)(OAc)2 complexes, while stabilizing the rate-limiting transition state for alkene insertion into a Pd-N bond. Interconversion between κ2- and κ1-coordination modes facilitate access to open coordination sites at the PdII center. The insights from these studies introduce new ligand concepts that could promote numerous other classes of Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. White
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan N. Jaworski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Geyunjian Harry Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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42
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Kalepu J, Katukojvala S. Dienamine Activation of Diazoenals: Application to the Direct Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4-Oxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7831-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Kalepu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research; Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Sreenivas Katukojvala
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research; Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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43
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Kalepu J, Katukojvala S. Dienamine Activation of Diazoenals: Application to the Direct Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4-Oxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Kalepu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research; Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Sreenivas Katukojvala
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research; Bhopal Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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44
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Montgomery T, Rawal VH. Palladium-Catalyzed Modular Synthesis of Substituted Piperazines and Related Nitrogen Heterocycles. Org Lett 2016; 18:740-3. [PMID: 26824482 PMCID: PMC4991562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here a novel method for the modular synthesis of highly substituted piperazines and related bis-nitrogen heterocycles via a palladium-catalyzed cyclization reaction. The process couples two of the carbons of a propargyl unit with various diamine components to provide nitrogen heterocycles in generally good to excellent yields and high regio- and stereochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
D. Montgomery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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45
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Jiang H, He J, Liu T, Yu JQ. Ligand-Enabled γ-C(sp(3))-H Olefination of Amines: En Route to Pyrrolidines. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2055-9. [PMID: 26796676 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed olefination of γ-C(sp(3))-H bonds of triflyl (Tf) and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns) protected amines is achieved. Subsequent aza-Wacker oxidative cyclization or conjugate addition of the olefinated intermediates provides a variety of C-2 alkylated pyrrolidines. Three pyridine- and quinoline-based ligands are developed to match different classes of amine substrates, demonstrating a rare example of ligand-enabled C(sp(3))-H olefination reactions. The use of Ns protecting group to direct C(sp(3))-H activation of alkyl amines is also a significant step toward practical C-H functionalizations of alkyl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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46
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Kim YR, Hall DG. Optimization and multigram scalability of a catalytic enantioselective borylative migration for the synthesis of functionalized chiral piperidines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4739-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00685j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A systematic optimization of a Pd-catalyzed enantioselective borylative migration of an alkenyl nonaflate derivative of the simple precursor, N-Boc-4-piperidone, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ri Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Chemistry
- 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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47
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Kim KW, Kim YJ, Lim HJ, Lee SW. Pd(II) Trifluoroacetate Complexes Containing Chelating Phosphine Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalysis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kangnung-Wonju National University; Gangneung 210-702 Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kangnung-Wonju National University; Gangneung 210-702 Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Soon W. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
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48
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Kishore Vandavasi J, Hu WP, Chandru Senadi G, Chen HT, Chen HY, Hsieh KC, Wang JJ. Aryl λ3-Iodane-Mediated 6-exo-trigCyclization to Synthesize Highly Substituted Chiral Morpholines. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Karunanidhi S, Karpoormath R, Bera M, Rane RA, Palkar MB. AgNO 3Catalyzed Regio-Selective Synthesis of 3-Alkyl/Aryl-idene-3,4-dihydro-4-tosyl-2H-1,4-Benzoxazine: Novel Anti-Tubercular Scaffolds. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivanandhan Karunanidhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Milan Bera
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Rajesh A. Rane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Mahesh B. Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
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50
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Sipos G, Drinkel EE, Dorta R. The emergence of sulfoxides as efficient ligands in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3834-60. [PMID: 25954773 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxides are capable of forming stable complexes with transition metals and there have been many comprehensive studies into their binding properties. However, the use of sulfoxides, particularly chiral sulfoxides, as ligands in transition metal catalysis is rather less well developed. This review aims to describe these catalytic studies and covers new developments that are showing very promising results and that have led to a renewed interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellért Sipos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009, Crawley, Australia.
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