1
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Horváth Á, Benkő Z. Phthalazine as a Diene in Diels-Alder Reactions With P- and As-Containing Anionic Dienophiles: Comparison of Possible Reaction Channels. Chempluschem 2024:e202400140. [PMID: 38819996 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Phthalazine can behave as a diene in Diels-Alder (DA) cycloadditions, typically at the pyridazine ring, however, its application is somewhat limited because these reactions usually require harsh conditions or sophisticated catalysts. As an unconventional example, phthalazine was reported to undergo cycloaddition with the [PCO]- anion without any catalyst. In this computational study, we scrutinise the mechanism of the DA reactions between phthalazine and the so far known [ECX]- (E: P, As; X: O, S, Se) anions as dienophiles. In principle, the attack of an [ECX]- anion may occur at two different sites of phthalazine, either at the benzene or the pyridazine ring, and both of these possible reaction channels were juxtaposed on the basis of energetic aspects. In all of the investigated cases, the analysis of the energy profiles reveals a clear regioselectivity that favours the attack at the pyridazine ring. As a result, so far unprecedented 2-pnictanaphth-3-olate analogues seem achievable as final products. Comparing the characteristics of these pathways allowed us to clarify the source of this regioselectivity: The pyridazine ring of phthalazine exhibits lower aromaticity than the benzene subring; therefore, in the DA step, the former ring shows a higher affinity toward a dienophile than the latter, leading to lower activation barriers. To further map the electronic and structural features of the cycloaddition steps, the local interactions evolving in the transition states were analysed and compared using global and local descriptors. In most aspects, the characteristics of both pathways were found to be rather similar, in contrast to the markedly differing activation barriers on the two routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Horváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Nickel Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Phthalazin-1(2H)-ones from Hyrazines at Room Temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Hassan Nazmy M, Ahmed Mekheimer R, Shoman ME, Abo-Elsebaa M, Abd-Elmonem M, Usef Sadek K. Controlled microwave-assisted reactions: A facile synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted phthalazines as dual EGFR and PI3K inhibitors in CNS SNB-75 cell line. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105740. [PMID: 35298961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are stubborn cancers with poor prognosis and disappointing survival rates. Targeted cancer therapeutics with higher efficacy and lower resistance are highly demanded. An efficient one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized phthalazines derivatives was developed by reacting ethyl 1-aryl-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazine-carboxylates with cinnamonitrile derivatives and the cycloaddition reaction of thieno[3,4-d]pyridazines with activated double or triple bond systems under controlled microwave heating with high yields. The resultant synthesized phthalazines (5a-e, 9 and 13) were tested for their in vitro anti-cancer activities by using in vitro one dose assay at National Cancer institute, USA. Only phthalazine (5b) showed broad spectrum anti-tumor activity against most tested cancer cell lines from all subpanels with mean % GI = 22.61. Interestingly, all tested compounds showed varying growth inhibitory activity against a particular cell line, CNS SNB-75 cell line, but (5b) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory activity against CNS-SNB-75 cell line with (GI% = 108.81) and (IC50 = 3.703 ± 0.2) compared to erlotinib; (IC50 = 12.5 ± 0.68). It caused Pre-G1 apoptosis and growth arrest at S phase. It also increased percentage of the total apoptotic cells in CNS-SNB-75 cell line (39.26%) compared to control cells (2.17%) in the annexin V-FITC experiment. It revealed pronounced EGFR inhibitory activity (IC50 = 47.27 ± 2.41 ng/mL) compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 30.7 ± 1.56 ng/mL). It also inhibited the different PI3K isoforms α, β, γ and δ (with IC50 of 4.39, 13.6, 12.5 and 3.11 μg/mL, respectively compared to LY294002 (with IC50 of 12.7, 8.57, 6.89 and 5.7 μg/mL, respectively). It also caused significant lower protein expression levels of pPI3K, AKT, pAKT and Bcl2 and higher protein expression levels of BAX, Casp3 and Casp9 when compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: Phthalazine (5b) may be an effective, convenient and safe anti-cancer agent acting via proapoptotic and dual EGFR and PI3K kinase inhibitory actions in CNS SNB-75 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | | | - Mai E Shoman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abo-Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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4
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Mekheimer RA, Abd-Elmonem M, Abou Elsebaa M, Nazmy MH, Sadek KU. Recent developments in the green synthesis of biologically relevant cinnolines and phthalazines. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Both cinnolines and phthalazines are heterocyclic compounds which have a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological profiles. This work represents the recent advances in the green synthesis of cinnolines and phthalazines as 1,2 and 2,3-diazanaphalenes were cited. The docking studies and mode of action for key scaffolds were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abou Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
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5
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Chen Q, Zheng X, Guo F, Liang K, Zhou F. Transition-Metal-Free Addition of Dialkyl Phosphites to Phthalazin-2-ium Bromide: Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonate Analogues. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18278-18286. [PMID: 34870429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Aminophosphonate analogues containing a phthalazine skeleton were efficiently obtained by a new transition-metal-free addition of dialkyl phosphites to phthalazin-2-ium bromide under mild conditions. A mechanistic study using isotope labeling and radical inhibition experiment revealed that the present transformation passes through a nucleophilic addition of dialkyl phosphates, rather than an insertion of P-H to carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xuanming Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Fanrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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6
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Ruhl J, Ahles S, Strauss MA, Leonhardt CM, Wegner HA. Synthesis of Medium-Sized Carbocycles via a Bidentate Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Inverse Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction Followed by Photoinduced Ring-Opening. Org Lett 2021; 23:2089-2093. [PMID: 33629862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a Lewis acid-catalyzed inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with a photoinduced ring-opening (PIRO) reaction in a domino process has been established as an efficient synthetic method to access medium-sized carbocycles. From readily available electron-rich and electron-poor phthalazines and enamines, respectively, as starting materials, various 9- and 11-membered carbocycles were prepared. This versatile transition-metal-free tool will be valuable for broadening the structural space in biologically active compounds and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ruhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ahles
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel A Strauss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher M Leonhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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7
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Arora V, Narjinari H, Nandi PG, Kumar A. Recent advances in pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3394-3428. [PMID: 33595564 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic catalysts have played a key role in accomplishing numerous synthetically valuable organic transformations that are either otherwise not possible or inefficient. The use of precious, sparse and toxic 4d and 5d metals are an apparent downside of several such catalytic systems despite their immense success over the last several decades. The use of complexes containing Earth-abundant, inexpensive and less hazardous 3d metals, such as nickel, as catalysts for organic transformations has been an emerging field in recent times. In particular, the versatile nature of the corresponding pincer-metal complexes, which offers great control of their reactivity via countless variations, has garnered great interest among organometallic chemists who are looking for greener and cheaper alternatives. In this context, the current review attempts to provide a glimpse of recent developments in the chemistry of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions. Notably, there have been examples of pincer-nickel catalyzed reactions involving two electron changes via purely organometallic mechanisms that are strikingly similar to those observed with heavier Pd and Pt analogues. On the other hand, there have been distinct differences where the pincer-nickel complexes catalyze single-electron radical reactions. The applicability of pincer-nickel complexes in catalyzing cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, (de)hydrogenation reactions, dehydrogenative coupling, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, C-H activation and carbon dioxide functionalization has been reviewed here from synthesis and mechanistic points of view. The flurry of global pincer-nickel related activities offer promising avenues in catalyzing synthetically valuable organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Pran Gobinda Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India. and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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8
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Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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9
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Chen Q, Luo M, Guo F, Liang K, Zhou F, Gao G. An Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Phthalazin‐2‐Ium Bromide Catalyzed by Copper. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, College of Chemical EngineeringSouthwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Chemical EngineeringSouthwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Chemical EngineeringSouthwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 People's Republic of China
| | - Fanrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, College of Chemical EngineeringSouthwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
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10
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Durka K, Górski B, Błocki K, Urban M, Woźniak K, Barbasiewicz M, Luliński S. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Molecular and Solid-State Properties of Isomeric Bis(salicylaldehydes). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8674-8689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Górski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Błocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Barbasiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Synthesis and biological activity of structurally diverse phthalazine derivatives: A systematic review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3979-3997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Ahles S, Ruhl J, Strauss MA, Wegner HA. Combining Bidentate Lewis Acid Catalysis and Photochemistry: Formal Insertion of o-Xylene into an Enamine Double Bond. Org Lett 2019; 21:3927-3930. [PMID: 31079462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bidentate Lewis acid catalyzed domino inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction combined with a photoinduced ring opening formally inserts o-xylene moieties into enamine double bonds. After reduction, phenethylamines were obtained in good yields. The scope of the reaction was determined by variation of all three starting compounds: phthalazines, aldehydes, and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ahles
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Julia Ruhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Marcel A Strauss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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13
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St-Jean F, Piechowicz KA, Sirois LE, Angelaud R, Gosselin F. Study of a Competing Hydrodefluorination Reaction During the Directed ortho-Lithiation/Borylation of 2-Fluorobenzaldehyde. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric St-Jean
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katarzyna A. Piechowicz
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rémy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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Ahles S, Götz S, Schweighauser L, Brodsky M, Kessler SN, Heindl AH, Wegner HA. An Amine Group Transfer Reaction Driven by Aromaticity. Org Lett 2018; 20:7034-7038. [PMID: 30362764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective domino inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder/amine group transfer reaction catalyzed by a bidentate Lewis acid provides 1-amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalenes, a core structure in many bioactive compounds. A concerted mechanism is proposed based on experimental studies as well as DFT computations demonstrating a new general reactivity scheme. The broad scope of the reaction was evaluated by variation of all three starting compounds, phthalazines, aldehydes, and amines. Scalability was demonstrated by a gram scale reaction without diminished yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ahles
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Silas Götz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Luca Schweighauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Mirko Brodsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Simon N Kessler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas H Heindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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15
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Chakraborty M, Sengupta D, Saha T, Goswami S. Ligand Redox-Controlled Tandem Synthesis of Azines from Aromatic Alcohols and Hydrazine in Air: One-Pot Synthesis of Phthalazine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7771-7778. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debabrata Sengupta
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanushri Saha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sreebrata Goswami
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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16
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Suchand B, Satyanarayana G. Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation Reactions: A One-Pot Diversified Synthesis of Phthalazines, Phthalazinones and Benzoxazinones. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basuli Suchand
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad; 502 285, Sangareddy District Kandi - Telangana India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad; 502 285, Sangareddy District Kandi - Telangana India
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17
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Di J, He H, Wang F, Xue F, Liu XY, Qin Y. Regiospecific alkyl addition of (hetero)arene-fused thiophenes enabled by a visible-light-mediated photocatalytic desulfuration approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4692-4695. [PMID: 29676430 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique photoredox desulfuration approach enabling the regiospecific alkyl addition of (hetero)arene-fused thiophenes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Di
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Falu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- and Sichuan Research Center of Precision Engineering Technology for Small Molecule Drugs
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
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18
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Al-Johani MA, Al-Zaydi KM, Mousally SM, Alqahtani NF, Elnagdi NH, Elnagdi MH. Multi Component Reactions under Increased Pressure: On the Mechanism of Formation of Pyridazino[5,4,3-de][1,6]naphthyridine Derivatives by the Reaction of Malononitrile, Aldehydes and 2-Oxoglyoxalarylhydrazones in Q-Tubes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122114. [PMID: 29194410 PMCID: PMC6149974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient synthesis of phenanthridin-6(5H)-one derivatives 12a–n in a four-component reaction of aldehyde hydrazone, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in Q-Tubes is reported. The results showed that the methodology has the advantage of being a one-pot synthesis of tricyclic systems in good yields. Potential routes leading to formation of compounds 12 are discussed. The structures of the synthesized compounds could be unequivocally established via X-ray crystal structure determination and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdah A Al-Johani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences-AL Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 50918, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khadijah M Al-Zaydi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences-AL Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 50918, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sameera M Mousally
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences-AL Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 50918, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah F Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences-AL Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 50918, Jeddah 21533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Noha Hilmy Elnagdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, P.O. Box 12518, Cairo 11511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Elnagdi
- Faculty of Science, Cairo University; Cairo, P.O. Box 12613, Cairo 11511, Egypt.
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19
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Schweighauser L, Wegner HA. Bis-Boron Compounds in Catalysis: Bidentate and Bifunctional Activation. Chemistry 2016; 22:14094-103. [PMID: 27490466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of metal-free catalysts as an alternative to the use of transition metals has gained tremendous interest in the past. In catalysis, Lewis acidity is one of the major principles used for the activation of organic compounds. Improving the reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acids by utilizing bidentate interactions was already proposed 50 years ago. Nevertheless, product inhibition due to strong binding has made applications of bidentate Lewis acids challenging for many years. Recently, bis-boron compounds have been found to be very effective and several applications in Diels-Alder reactions, carbon dioxide reduction, and ammonia-borane dehydrogenation were reported. All three transformations are enabled by the catalyst at different stages during the course of the reaction. These new and useful examples illustrate the great potential of the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schweighauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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20
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Zenzola M, Degennaro L, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Mastrorilli P, Rizzi R, Pisano L, Luisi R. Harnessing theortho-Directing Ability of the Azetidine Ring for the Regioselective and Exhaustive Functionalization of Arenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:12190-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Lamm JH, Horstmann J, Nissen JH, Weddeling JH, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Poly-Boron, -Silicon, and -Gallium Lewis Acids by Hydrometallation of 1,5- and 1,8-Dialkynylanthracenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Sumaria CS, Türkmen YE, Rawal VH. Non-precious metals catalyze formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of 1,2-diazines and siloxyalkynes under ambient conditions. Org Lett 2014; 16:3236-9. [PMID: 24911346 PMCID: PMC4076001 DOI: 10.1021/ol501254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Copper(I)
and nickel(0) complexes catalyze the formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition
reactions of 1,2-diazines and siloxyalkynes, a reaction hitherto best
catalyzed by silver salts. These catalysts based on earth abundant
metals are not only competent, but the copper catalyst, in particular,
promotes cycloadditions of pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine
and pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine, enabling a new synthesis
of quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives, as well as the formal [2
+ 2] cycloaddition reaction of cyclohexenone with a siloxyalkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan S Sumaria
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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23
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Durka K, Luliński S, Serwatowski J, Woźniak K. Influence of Fluorination and Boronic Group Synergy on the Acidity and Structural Behavior of o-Phenylenediboronic Acids. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om401146p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Serwatowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Mao H, Lin A, Tang Z, Hu H, Zhu C, Cheng Y. Organocatalytic One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridazines from Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates and Diazo Compounds. Chemistry 2014; 20:2454-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Bel Abed H, Bande O, Mammoliti O, Van Lommen G, Herdewijn P. A novel and convenient strategy for the synthesis of phthalazines from an aryne precursor. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Wang JG, Wang M, Xiang JC, Zhu YP, Xue WJ, Wu AX. Direct Synthesis of Substituted Naphthalenes from 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and 1,2-Bis(halomethyl)benzenes Including a Novel Rearrangement Aromatization of Benzo[c]oxepine. Org Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302950w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei-jian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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27
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Kessler SN, Neuburger M, Wegner HA. Domino Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder/Cyclopropanation Reaction of Diazines Catalyzed by a Bidentate Lewis Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17885-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308858y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Neuburger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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