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Bhowmik A, Naskar K, Roy S, Karmakar S, Sarkar W, Mondal I, Sana A, Deb I. A condition-tuned unorthodox approach to indole-3-carboxylic acids and anthranilic acids via carbon atom translocation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13899-13902. [PMID: 37934663 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a robust one-pot cascade method for the synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic acids using isatins and DMSO via a one-carbon translocation involving in situ generation of α,β-unsaturated methylvinylsulfoxide followed by amide bond cleavage and ring closure. The methodology has been extended to afford anthranilic acid derivatives by tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen. Importantly, easy access to commercially available drugs, including tropisetron, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Bhowmik
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Koushik Naskar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shantonu Roy
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sudip Karmakar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Writhabrata Sarkar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Imtiaj Mondal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Arindam Sana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Indubhusan Deb
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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2
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Luo Y, Huang W. Base-mediated carboxylation of C-nucleophiles with CO 2. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8628-8641. [PMID: 37860946 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an available, abundant, and renewable C1 resource, which could be converted into value-added chemicals. Due to its inherent thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness, it is difficult to realize its efficient utilization. Nevertheless, many elegant strategies for the utilization of CO2 have been developed using Lewis bases, frustrated Lewis pairs, hydroxyl-containing compounds, amino-group-containing compounds or transition metal catalysis. Among them, base-mediated carboxylation of C-nucleophiles is an environmentally friendly strategy for CO2 conversion, which is operationally simple, using low-toxicity bases and economical available promoters, without the use of complex ligands or cocatalysts. This review summarizes related work on the base-mediated carboxylation of C-nucleophiles with CO2, based on the effects of nucleophiles, promoters, additives, and solvents. The types of pronucleophile are categorized as follows: hydrocarbon with C(sp3)-H, C(sp2)-H or C(sp)-H bonds, organosilanes, organotin, organoboron, and N-tosylhydrazones. Typical mechanisms and applications of these carboxylation reactions are also depicted. Moreover, mechanistic comprehension of CO2 activation and conversion at a molecular level aims to further expand the repertoire of carboxylation transformations mediated by bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China.
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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3
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Wang S, Larrosa I, Yorimitsu H, Perry GJP. Carboxylic Acid Salts as Dual-Function Reagents for Carboxylation and Carbon Isotope Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218371. [PMID: 36746757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The potassium salts of carboxylic acids are developed as efficient carboxylating agents through CO2 exchange. We describe these carboxylates as dual-function reagents because they function as a combined source of CO2 and base/metalating agent. By using the salt of a commercially available carboxylic acid, this protocol overcomes difficulties when using CO2 gas or organometallic reagents, such as pressurized containers or strictly inert conditions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, does not require transition metals or other additives, and shows broad substrate scope. Through the preparation of several biologically important molecules, we show how this strategy provides an opportunity for isotope labeling with low equivalents of labeled CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Gregory J P Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Future correspondence: School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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4
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Zhang Q, Ma Y, Yuan X, Zeng A. Box-Behnken experimental design for optimizing process parameters in carbonate-promoted direct thiophene carboxylation reaction with carbon dioxide. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Zhang Q, Shi P, Yuan X, Ma Y, Zeng A. Direct Carboxylation of Thiophene with CO2 in the Solvent-free Carboxylate-carbonate Molten Medium: Experimental and Mechanistic Insights. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Shigeno M, Tohara I, Sasaki K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Combined Brønsted Base-Promoted CO 2 Fixation into Benzylic C-H Bonds of Alkylarenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4825-4830. [PMID: 35763616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in developing methods for direct CO2 fixation into readily available unfunctionalized C-H bonds in organic substances has recently surged. In contrast to the well-studied carboxylations of alkynyl C(sp)-H and aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds, carboxylation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds to produce 2-arylacetic acids is limited to photoirradiation reactions and continues to be a challenging issue because of the low chemical reactivity. We herein describe that a combined Brønsted base (i.e., LiO-t-Bu/CsF and LiOCEt3/CsF) achieves benzylic carboxylation of electron-deficient, -neutral, and -rich alkylarenes and enables various functionalities, including fragile ones such as bromide, alkene, alkyne, and carbonyl moieties. Dicarboxylation at the benzylic position is also established. Cs-alkoxide generated in situ acts as a reactive base, as demonstrated in experiments with independently prepared CsO-t-Bu and by 133Cs nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Itsuki Tohara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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7
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Abstract
A silver-catalyzed carbon dioxide fixation reaction into 2-alkynylindole derivatives was developed to afford tricyclic indoles. Carbon dioxide was selectively fixed on the N atom of the indole, and only 6-endo-dig cyclization proceeded under mild reaction conditions. Carboxylation on C3 of the indole was not observed. This method was applicable for a variety of 2-alkynylindoles, and the corresponding products were obtained in high yields without the production of side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Uema
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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8
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Mechanistic Insights into Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Thiophene and Carbon Dioxide. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism in palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of thiophene and CO2 is investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including three consecutive steps of the formation of carbanion through breaking the C–H bond(s) via the palladium acetate, the elimination of acetic acid and the nucleophile attacking the weak electrophile CO2 to form C–C bond. Results show that the C–C bond is formed through taking the three-membered cyclic conformation arrangement involving the interaction of the transition metal and the CO2, and the CO2 insertion step is the rate-determining step for this entire reaction process. Aiming to precisely disclose what factor determine the origin of the activation energy barrier in this carboxylation reaction, the distortion/interaction analysis is performed along with the entire reaction coordinate.
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9
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Rawat A, Dhakla S, Lama P, Pal TK. Fixation of carbon dioxide to aryl/aromatic carboxylic acids. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Carboxylate-Assisted Carboxylation of Thiophene with CO2 in the Solvent-Free Carbonate Medium. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct carboxylation of thiophene with CO2 has been achieved under a relatively mild solvent-free carbonate and carboxylate medium. This base-mediated medium can cleave the very weakly acidic C–H bond without using other limiting reagents, which is one indispensable step in the carboxylation reaction. Product yield varies with different carboxylate salts, and cesium pivalate is the most suitable base additive among targeted simple carboxylate salts. Furthermore, the detailed mechanism of this carboxylation reaction is studied, which involves initial proton abstraction, rendered by carbonate and C–C bond formation, by inserting CO2. The activation energy barrier of the C–H activation step is higher than the following CO2 insertion step, whether for the formation of the mono- and/or di-carboxylate, which indicates that the C–H deprotonation induced by the base is slow and the resulting carbon-centered nucleophile reacts rapidly with CO2.
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11
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You Y, Kanna W, Takano H, Hayashi H, Maeda S, Mita T. Electrochemical Dearomative Dicarboxylation of Heterocycles with Highly Negative Reduction Potentials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3685-3695. [PMID: 35189683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dearomative dicarboxylation of stable heteroaromatics using CO2 is highly challenging but represents a very powerful method for producing synthetically useful dicarboxylic acids, which can potentially be employed as intermediates of biologically active molecules such as natural products and drug leads. However, these types of transformations are still underdeveloped, and concise methodologies with high efficiency (e.g., high yield and high selectivity for dicarboxylations) have not been reported. We herein describe a new electrochemical protocol using the CO2 radical anion (E1/2 of CO2 = -2.2 V in DMF and -2.3 V in CH3CN vs SCE) that produces unprecedented trans-oriented 2,3-dicarboxylic acids from N-Ac-, Boc-, and Ph-protected indoles that exhibit highly negative reduction potentials (-2.50 to -2.94 V). On the basis of the calculated reduction potentials, N-protected indoles with reduction potentials up to -3 V smoothly undergo the desired dicarboxylation. Other heteroaromatics, including benzofuran, benzothiophene, electron-deficient furans, thiophenes, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, and N-Boc-pyrazole, also exhibit reduction potentials more positive than -3 V and served as effective substrates for such dicarboxylations. The dicarboxylated products thus obtained can be derivatized into useful synthetic intermediates for biologically active compounds in few steps. We also show how the dearomative monocarboxylation can be achieved selectively by choice of the electrolyte, solvent, and protic additive; this strategy was then applied to the synthesis of an octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid (Oic) derivative, which is a useful proline analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong You
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Kanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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12
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Shigeno M, Hanasaka K, Tohara I, Izumi K, Yamakoshi H, Kwon E, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Direct C-H Carboxylation Forming Polyfunctionalized Aromatic Carboxylic Acids by Combined Brønsted Bases. Org Lett 2022; 24:809-814. [PMID: 35048709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CO2 fixation into electron-deficient aromatic C-H bonds proceeds with the combined Brønsted bases LiO-t-Bu and LiO-t-Am/CsF/18-crown-6 (t-Am = CEtMe2) under a CO2 atmosphere to afford a variety of polyfunctionalized aromatic carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hanasaka
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Itsuki Tohara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koki Izumi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Central Analytical Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyu Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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15
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Shigeno M, Kondo Y, Sasaki K, Hanasaka K, Tohara I, Nozawa-Kumada K. Combined Brønsted-Base-Mediated Direct C-H Carboxylation of Heteroarenes with CO2. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-sr(k)6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Sable DA, Vadagaonkar KS, Kapdi AR, Bhanage BM. Carbon dioxide based methodologies for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5725-5757. [PMID: 34132318 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid environmental changes triggered by the increase in the concentration of heat-absorbing gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere have become a major cause of concern. One of the ways to counter this growing threat will be to efficiently convert atmospheric CO2 into value-added products via the development of efficient transition-metal-catalyzed processes. Conversion of CO2 into bulk products such as CH3OH and methane as well as its incorporation into commercial polyurethane synthesis has been achieved and reviewed extensively. However, the efficient transformation of CO2 into fine chemicals and value-added chemicals has many fold advantages. Recent years have seen a rapid rise in the number of metal-mediated protocols to achieve this goal of converting CO2 into fine chemicals. These are essential developments given the requirement of several commodities and fine chemicals in various industrial processes and the utilization of atmospheric CO2 will help provide a sustainable solution to the current environmental problems. Accordingly, we present here a comprehensive compilation of catalytic processes, involving CO2 as the C1 source for reacting with substrates such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, amines, acid chlorides, alcohols, allyl boronates, alkenyl triflates, and many others to provide easy access to a wide variety of useful molecules. Such a technology would certainly prove to be beneficial in solving the problems associated with the environmental accumulation of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashri A Sable
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India. and Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Kamlesh S Vadagaonkar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Bhalchandra M Bhanage
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India.
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17
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Schilling W, Das S. Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Carbamates Using CO 2 as the Carbon Source. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6246-6258. [PMID: 33107690 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of carbon dioxide as a C1 synthon is highly attractive for the synthesis of valuable chemicals. However, activation of CO2 is highly challenging, owing to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. With this in mind, several strategies have been developed for the generation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Among these, formation of C-N bonds is highly attractive, especially, when carbamates can be synthesized directly from CO2 . This Minireview focuses on transition metal-free approaches for the fixation of CO2 to generate carbamates for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Within the past decade, transition metal-free approaches have gained increasing attention, but traditional reviews have rarely focused on these approaches. Direct comparisons between such methods have been even more scarce. This Minireview seeks to address this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Schilling
- Institute for Biomolecular and Organic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shoubhik Das
- ORSY division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Tejedor D, Diana-Rivero R, García-Tellado F. A General and Scalable Synthesis of Polysubstituted Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:E5595. [PMID: 33260745 PMCID: PMC7730962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A consecutive 2-step synthesis of N-unprotected polysubstituted indoles bearing an electron-withdrawing group at the C-3 position from readily available nitroarenes is reported. The protocol is based on the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-oxyenamines generated by the DABCO-catalyzed reaction of N-arylhydroxylamines and conjugated terminal alkynes, and delivers indoles endowed with a wide array of substitution patterns and topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Raquel Diana-Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
- Doctoral and Postgraduate School, Universidad de La Laguna, Apartado Postal 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Tellado
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
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19
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Abstract
C-H carboxylation is an attractive transformation for both streamlining synthesis and valorizing CO2. The high bond strength and very low acidity of most C-H bonds, as well as the low reactivity of CO2, present fundamental challenges for this chemistry. Conventional methods for carboxylation of electron-rich heteroarenes require very strong organic bases to effect C-H deprotonation. Here we show that alkali carbonates (M2CO3) dispersed in mesoporous TiO2 supports (M2CO3/TiO2) effect CO3 2--promoted C-H carboxylation of thiophene- and indole-based heteroarenes in gas-solid reactions at 200-320 °C. M2CO3/TiO2 materials are strong bases in this temperature regime, which enables deprotonation of very weakly acidic bonds in these substrates to generate reactive carbanions. In addition, we show that M2CO3/TiO2 enables C3 carboxylation of indole substrates via an apparent electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. No carboxylations take place when M2CO3/TiO2 is replaced with un-supported M2CO3, demonstrating the critical role of carbonate dispersion and disruption of the M2CO3 lattice. After carboxylation, treatment of the support-bound carboxylate products with dimethyl carbonate affords isolable esters and the M2CO3/TiO2 material can be regenerated upon heating under vacuum. Our results provide the basis for a closed cycle for the esterification of heteroarenes with CO2 and dimethyl carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Matthew W Kanan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
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20
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Schmalzbauer M, Svejstrup TD, Fricke F, Brandt P, Johansson MJ, Bergonzini G, König B. Redox-Neutral Photocatalytic C−H Carboxylation of Arenes and Styrenes with CO2. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Pei C, Zong J, Han S, Li B, Wang B. Ni-Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of an Unactivated C-H Bond with CO 2. Org Lett 2020; 22:6897-6902. [PMID: 32812433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed direct carboxylation of an unactivated C-H bond is rarely reported, and no example of catalysis using abundant and cheap nickel has been reported. In this work, the first Ni-catalyzed direct carboxylation of an unactivated C-H bond under an atmospheric pressure of CO2 is reported. This method affords moderate to high carboxylation yields of various methyl carboxylates under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that a Ni(0)-Ni(II)-Ni(I) catalytic cycle may be involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhe Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanglin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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22
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Saitou T, Jin Y, Isobe K, Suga T, Takaya J, Iwasawa N. Rh‐Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Alkenyl C−H Bonds of Alkenylpyrazoles. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1941-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Saitou
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Yushu Jin
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Kotaro Isobe
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Takuya Suga
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Jun Takaya
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, O-Okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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23
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Shigeno M, Tohara I, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Direct C-2 Carboxylation of 3-Substituted Indoles Using a Combined Brønsted Base Consisting of LiO- t
Bu/CsF/18-crown-6. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Itsuki Tohara
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba 980-8578 Sendai Japan
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24
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Arza C, Zhang B. Synthesis, Thermal Properties, and Rheological Characteristics of Indole-Based Aromatic Polyesters. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15012-15021. [PMID: 31552343 PMCID: PMC6751728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is an intensive development of bio-based aromatic building blocks to replace fossil-based terephthalates used for poly(ethylene terephthalate) production. Indole is a ubiquitous aromatic unit in nature, which has great potential as a bio-based feedstock for polymers or plastics. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of new indole-based dicarboxylate monomers with only aromatic ester bonds, which can improve the thermal stability and glass-transition temperature (T g) of the resulting polyesters. The new dicarboxylate monomers were polymerized with five aliphatic diols to yield 10 new polyesters with tunable chemical structures and physical properties. Particularly, the T g values of the obtained polyesters can be as high as 113 °C, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The polyesters showed decent thermal stability and distinct flow transitions as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis and rheology measurements.
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25
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Sadamitsu Y, Okumura A, Saito K, Yamada T. Kolbe-Schmitt type reaction under ambient conditions mediated by an organic base. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9837-9840. [PMID: 31364638 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of an organic base for resorcinols realized a Kolbe-Schmitt type reaction under ambient conditions. When resorcinols (3-hydroxyphenol derivatives) were treated with DBU under a carbon dioxide atmosphere, nucleophilic addition to carbon dioxide proceeded to afford the corresponding salicylic acid derivatives in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sadamitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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26
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Kumar S, Pradhan S, Roy S, De PB, Punniyamurthy T. Iron-Catalyzed Regioselective Remote C(sp 2)-H Carboxylation of Naphthyl and Quinoline Amides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10481-10489. [PMID: 31347363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III)-catalyzed regioselective direct remote C-H carboxylation of naphthyl and quinoline amides was developed using CBr4 and alcohol. The reaction involves a radical pathway using a coordination activation strategy and single electron transfer process. The use of sustainable iron catalysis, selectivity, and the substrate scope are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Subhasish Roy
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
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27
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Sahoo B, Bellotti P, Juliá‐Hernández F, Meng Q, Crespi S, König B, Martin R. Site-Selective, Remote sp 3 C-H Carboxylation Enabled by the Merger of Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:9001-9005. [PMID: 31074058 PMCID: PMC6773098 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced carboxylation of alkyl halides with CO2 at remote sp3 C-H sites enabled by the merger of photoredox and Ni catalysis is described. This protocol features a predictable reactivity and site selectivity that can be modulated by the ligand backbone. Preliminary studies reinforce a rationale based on a dynamic displacement of the catalyst throughout the alkyl side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Sahoo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Francisco Juliá‐Hernández
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Qing‐Yuan Meng
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- ICREAPasseig Lluïs Companys, 2308010BarcelonaSpain
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28
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Yan K, Jin J, Kong Y, Li B, Wang B. Palladium‐Catalyzed Inert C−H Bond Activation and Cyclocarbonylation of Isoquinolones with Carbon Dioxide Leading to Isoindolo[2,1‐
b
]isoquinoline‐5,7‐Diones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Junbin Jin
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Kong
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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29
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Gao Y, Cai Z, Li S, Li G. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Aryl C–H Carboxylation of 2-Arylanilines with CO2. Org Lett 2019; 21:3663-3669. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhihua Cai
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shangda Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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30
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Hikawa H, Kotaki F, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I. Gold(III)-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C3-Benzylation of Indole-3-carboxylic Acids with Benzylic Alcohols in Water. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1972-1979. [PMID: 30672696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the gold(III)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reaction of indole-3-carboxylic acids with benzylic alcohols has been developed. This cascade reaction is devised as a straightforward and efficient synthetic route for 3-benzylindoles in moderate to excellent yields (50-93%). A Hammett study of the protodecarboxylation gives a negative ρ value, suggesting that there is a buildup of positive charge on the indole ring in the transition state. Furthermore, comparison of initial rates in H2O and in D2O reveals an observed kinetic solvent isotope effect (KSIE = 2.7). This simple protocol, which affords the desired products with CO2 and water as the coproducts, can be achieved under mild conditions without the need for base or other additives in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Hikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Toho University , 2-2-1, Miyama , Funabashi , Chiba 274-8510 , Japan
| | - Fumiya Kotaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Toho University , 2-2-1, Miyama , Funabashi , Chiba 274-8510 , Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Toho University , 2-2-1, Miyama , Funabashi , Chiba 274-8510 , Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Toho University , 2-2-1, Miyama , Funabashi , Chiba 274-8510 , Japan
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31
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Shigeno M, Hanasaka K, Sasaki K, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Direct Carboxylation of Electron-Rich Heteroarenes Promoted by LiO-tBu with CsF and [18]Crown-6. Chemistry 2019; 25:3235-3239. [PMID: 30637844 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We herein demonstrate that the combination of LiO-tBu, CsF, and [18]crown-6 efficiently promotes the direct C-H carboxylation of electron-rich heteroarenes (benzothiophene, thiophene, benzofuran, and furan derivatives). A variety of functional groups, including methyl, methoxy, halo, cyano, amide, and keto moieties, are compatible with this system. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a tert-butyl carbonate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hanasaka
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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32
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Hong J, Li M, Zhang J, Sun B, Mo F. C-H Bond Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:6-39. [PMID: 30381905 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a nontoxic, renewable, and abundant C1 source, whereas C-H bond functionalization represents one of the most important approaches to the construction of carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds in an atom- and step-economical manner. Combining the chemical transformation of CO2 with C-H bond functionalization is of great importance in the synthesis of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. The contents of this Review are organized according to the type of C-H bond involved in carboxylation. The primary types of C-H bonds are as follows: C(sp)-H bonds of terminal alkynes, C(sp2 )-H bonds of (hetero)arenes, vinylic C(sp2 )-H bonds, the ipso-C(sp2 )-H bonds of the diazo group, aldehyde C(sp2 )-H bonds, α-C(sp3 )-H bonds of the carbonyl group, γ-C(sp3 )-H bonds of the carbonyl group, C(sp3 )-H bonds adjacent to nitrogen atoms, C(sp3 )-H bonds of o-alkyl phenyl ketones, allylic C(sp3 )-H bonds, C(sp3 )-H bonds of methane, and C(sp3 )-H bonds of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. In addition, multicomponent reactions, tandem reactions, and key theoretical studies related to the carboxylation of C-H bonds are briefly summarized. Transition-metal-free, organocatalytic, electrochemical, and light-driven methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Hong
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Beiqi Sun
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, PR China
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33
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Wang S, Xi C. Recent advances in nucleophile-triggered CO2-incorporated cyclization leading to heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:382-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CO2, as a sustainable, feasible, abundant one-carbon synthon, has been utilized in carboxylative cyclization, carbonylative cyclization, and reductive cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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34
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Mita T, Ishii S, Higuchi Y, Sato Y. Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative Carboxylation of Indolylmethanol Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:7603-7606. [PMID: 30474374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By using a new catalytic system (PdCl2[P( n-Bu)3]2 in combination with ZnEt2), various 3-indolylmethanol derivatives were successfully carboxylated with CO2 (1 atm) via dearomatization of the indole nucleus, affording 3-methyleneindoline-2-carboxylates. In contrast, carboxylation of 2-indolylmethanol derivatives afforded unexpected doubly carboxylated products, which are useful synthetic precursors for biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Mita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Sho Ishii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
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35
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Franz M, Stalling T, Steinert H, Martens J. First catalyst-free CO 2 trapping of N-acyliminium ions under ambient conditions: sustainable multicomponent synthesis of thia- and oxazolidinyl carbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8292-8304. [PMID: 30221304 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first trapping of N-acyliminium ions by in situ generated carbaminic acid (product of carbon dioxide (CO2) and amine) is reported. This catalyst-free reaction provides a convenient and feasible approach to prepare N-acyl thia- and oxazolidinyl carbamates with good functional-group compatibility and high efficiency under green conditions. Furthermore, the multicomponent method features a broad substrate scope, facile product diversification, smooth scale-up and notable potential for polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Franz
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, P. O. Box 2503, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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36
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Cherubini-Celli A, Mateos J, Bonchio M, Dell'Amico L, Companyó X. Transition Metal-Free CO 2 Fixation into New Carbon-Carbon Bonds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3056-3070. [PMID: 29882632 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CO2 is the ultimate renewable carbon source on Earth and the essential C1 building block for carbohydrate biosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms. Modern synthetic chemistry is facing the key challenge of developing fundamental transformations, such as C-C bond formation, in a sustainable and efficient manner from renewable sources. In this Minireview, the most significant methods recently reported for CO2 fixation under transition metal-free conditions are summarized, organized into three different chapters according to the nature of the chemical transformation that forges the new C-C bond. The focus is on the mechanistic aspects of the different CO2 activation modes, with specific attention to those systems that operate under catalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cherubini-Celli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ITM-CNR UoS of Padova, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Javier Mateos
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ITM-CNR UoS of Padova, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ITM-CNR UoS of Padova, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ITM-CNR UoS of Padova, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Xavier Companyó
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and ITM-CNR UoS of Padova, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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37
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Cai Z, Li S, Gao Y, Li G. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Aryl C−H Carboxylation of 2-Pyridylphenols with CO2. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Shangda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
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38
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Carboxylative Suzuki coupling reactions of benzyl chlorides with allyl pinacolborate catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Huang R, Li S, Fu L, Li G. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed C−H Bond Carboxylation of Heteroarenes with CO2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raolin Huang
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol, and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Shangda Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol, and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol, and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol, and Its Related Technology; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 P.R. China
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40
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Song L, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Ye JH, Yan SS, Han JL, Yin ZB, Lan Y, Yu DG. Catalytic Lactonization of Unactivated Aryl C-H Bonds with CO 2: Experimental and Computational Investigation. Org Lett 2018; 20:3776-3779. [PMID: 29906126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic lactonization of unactivated aryl C-H bonds with CO2 to afford important phthalides is reported. Notably, this method features high selectivity, excellent functional group tolerance, smooth scalability, and facile product diversification. DFT calculations reveal that a novel insertion of two CO2 into the O-Pd bond of a palladacycle might be the key step, providing great potential and a different perspective for carbonylation with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Si-Shun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Jie-Lian Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Bao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
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41
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Fu L, Li S, Cai Z, Ding Y, Guo XQ, Zhou LP, Yuan D, Sun QF, Li G. Ligand-enabled site-selectivity in a versatile rhodium(ii)-catalysed aryl C–H carboxylation with CO2. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Xiong W, Yan D, Qi C, Jiang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Four-Component Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Acyclic O,O-Acetals. Org Lett 2018; 20:672-675. [PMID: 29338256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed four-component cascade reaction of carbon dioxide, amines, allenyl ethers, and aryl iodides has been developed for the first time. The novel reaction allows simultaneous construction of three different new bonds (C-N, C-O, and C-C) in a single step, affording an efficient method for the synthesis of a variety of highly functionalized acyclic O,O-acetals. Excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, wide substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance are features of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Donghao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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43
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Synthesis, anticancer evaluation and molecular docking studies of bis(indolyl) triazinones, Nortopsentin analogs. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Song L, Cao GM, Zhou WJ, Ye JH, Zhang Z, Tian XY, Li J, Yu DG. Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl C–H bonds in benzamides with CO2. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of unactivated aryl C–H bonds in benzamides under 1 atm of CO2 to directly afford important phthalimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Mei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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45
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Direct Carboxylation of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H Bonds with CO2 by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed and Base-Mediated Reactions. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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46
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Luo J, Larrosa I. C-H Carboxylation of Aromatic Compounds through CO 2 Fixation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3317-3332. [PMID: 28722818 PMCID: PMC5601192 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) represents the most abundant and accessible carbon source on Earth. Thus the ability to transform CO2 into valuable commodity chemicals through the construction of C-C bonds is an invaluable strategy. Carboxylic acids and derivatives, the main products obtained by carboxylation of carbon nucleophiles by reaction of CO2 , have wide application in pharmaceuticals and advanced materials. Among the variety of carboxylation methods currently available, the direct carboxylation of C-H bonds with CO2 has attracted much attention owing to advantages from a step- and atom-economical point of view. In particular, the prevalence of (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids and derivatives among biologically active compounds has led to significant interest in the development of methods for their direct carboxylation from CO2 . Herein, the latest achievements in the area of direct C-H carboxylation of (hetero)aromatic compounds with CO2 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Luo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P.R. China
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
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47
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Kim J, Hong SH. Dual Activation of Nucleophiles and Electrophiles by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: Chemoselective N-Imination of Indoles with Isocyanides. Org Lett 2017; 19:3259-3262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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48
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Yedage SL, Bhanage BM. tert-Butyl Nitrite-Mediated Synthesis of N-Nitrosoamides, Carboxylic Acids, Benzocoumarins, and Isocoumarins from Amides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5769-5781. [PMID: 28472882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work reports tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as a multitask reagent for (1) the controlled synthesis of N-nitrosoamide from N-alkyl amides, (2) hydrolysis of N-methoxyamides to carboxylic acids, (3) metal- and oxidant-free benzocoumarin synthesis from ortho-aryl-N-methoxyamides via N-H, C-N, and C-H bond activation, and (4) isocoumarin synthesis using Ru(II)/PEG as a recyclable catalytic system via ortho-C-H activation and TBN as an oxygen source. The sequential functional group interconversion of amide to acid has also been examined using IR spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, this methodology is highly advantageous due to short reaction time, gram scale synthesis, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash L Yedage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai 400019, India
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49
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Higuchi Y, Mita T, Sato Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylative Carboxylation of Allenes with CO2 for the Construction of 3-Substituted Indole-2-carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2017; 19:2710-2713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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50
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Zhang W, Xiong Z, Gao Y, Gao H, Zhang Y. Roles of the base in the electrocatalytic reactions: A case study of glycine electrooxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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