1
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Goswami G, Singh B, Wani IA, Mal A, Ghorai MK. A Synthetic Route to Tetrahydro-1 H-azepino[4,3,2- cd]indoles via Ring-Opening Cyclization of Activated Azetidines with 4-Bromoindole: Toward a Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11576-11587. [PMID: 39102588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A simple one-pot, two-step strategy for the synthesis of tetrahydro-1H-azepino[4,3,2-cd]indoles via Lewis acid-catalyzed SN2-type ring opening of activated azetidines with 4-bromoindole, followed by a Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C-N cyclization reaction, with good to excellent yields is described. Utilizing this protocol, the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist precursor has been synthesized easily. Enantioenriched tetrahydro-1H-azepino[4,3,2-cd]indoles were obtained by starting from enantiopure azetidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Abhijit Mal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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2
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Huang C, Jin Z, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Lin H, Kang H, Shen G, Lv X. One-pot synthesis of 4-(imidazol-1-yl)indole derivatives through a sequential dearomatization and Ag-catalyzed cyclization/Cs 2CO 3-mediated addition/aromatization reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4245-4256. [PMID: 37145103 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A convenient one-pot assembly of 4-(imidazol-1-yl)indole derivatives from easily accessible o-alkynylanilines and imidazoles has been developed. The sequential dearomatization and Ag(I)-catalyzed cyclization/Cs2CO3-mediated conjugate addition/aromatization cascade reactions exhibit high efficiency and excellent selectivity. The combined use of a silver(I) salt and cesium carbonate is significant for facilitating this domino transformation. The 4-(imidazol-1-yl)indole products could be easily converted to the corresponding derivatives and might be valuable in biological chemistry and medicinal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoman Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zefeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiting Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honglan Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guodong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Theoretical Study of the Geometry of Dibenzoazepine Analogues. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030790. [PMID: 35164062 PMCID: PMC8839008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometry of dibenzoazepine analogues—typical multifunctional drugs—was investigated to find the geometrical parameters sensitive to the substitution of the central seven-membered ring. Exploration of the crystal structure database (CSD) shows that the geometrical parameter sensitive to the substitution of the carbon atom distance of the central ring not included in the aromatic rings to the plane through the carbon atoms common for the central ring and the aromatic side rings. Presence of the double bond in the central ring was reflected in its partial aromaticity expressed by the HOMED parameter. Some derivatives of 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine with flat conformation of the central ring are characterized by mobility of the electron density comparable to the mobility in the aromatic side rings. Influence of the surrounding on the investigated compounds was confirmed by comparison of the optimized molecules and the molecules in the crystal state where the packing forces can influence the molecular geometry.
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4
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Shimazaki Y, Wata C, Hashimoto T, Maruoka K. Enantioselective Hydrative
para‐
Dearomatization of Sulfonanilides by an Indanol‐based Chiral Organoiodine Catalyst. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Shimazaki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University 606-8502 Kyoto Sakyo Japan
| | - Chisato Wata
- Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1–33, Yayoi, Inage 263-8522 Chiba Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University 1–33, Yayoi, Inage 263-8522 Chiba Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University 606-8502 Kyoto Sakyo Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou Panyu District P. R. China
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University 606-8501 Kyoto Sakyo Japan
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5
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Li X, Li L, Wang W, He Q, Fan R. Synthesis of 4,7-Difunctionalized Indoles via Imino Exchange and Sulfinyl Migration. Org Lett 2020; 22:823-826. [PMID: 31971394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A process that rapidly assembles 4,7-difunctionalized indoles from 2-alkynycyclohexadienimines, sulfinamides, and nucleophiles (amines or alcohols) was developed. The process involves imino exchange, cascade cyclization/1,4-nucleophilic addition/aromatization, and 1,3-migration of the sulfinyl group. The 7-sulfinyl group is easy to convert into the sulfonyl or the thioether group through a simple oxidation and reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
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6
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Shi Y, Wang G, Wang H, Deng B, Gao T, Wang J, Guo H, Wu M, Sun S. Cu-catalyzed cyclization to construct indoles from N-( ortho-chloromethyl)aryl carbamates and terminal alkynes via a one-pot reaction. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this reaction, a new strategy for the synthesis of indoles from N-(ortho-chloromethyl)aryl carbamates and terminal alkynes via Cu-catalyzed coupling–cyclization has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Gangqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Hang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Bin Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Tao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Jian Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Haibing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Minghu Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Non-power Nuclear Technology Collaborative Innovation Center
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology
- Hubei University of Science and Technology
- Xianning 437100
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7
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Recent advances in the synthesis of indoles from alkynes and nitrogen sources. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights ten years of success in the synthesis of indoles using alkynes and nitrogen sources as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Sebastião Santos Neto
- Laboratório de Síntese
- Reatividade
- Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE
- UFSM
- Santa Maria
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratório de Síntese
- Reatividade
- Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE
- UFSM
- Santa Maria
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8
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Chen X, Yang Z, Chen X, Liang W, Zhu Z, Xie F, Li Y. Hydrogen-Transfer-Mediated N-Arylation of Naphthols Using Indolines as Hydrogen Donors. J Org Chem 2019; 85:508-514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhihai Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xuyan Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wanyi Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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9
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Zhao CY, Li K, Pang Y, Li JQ, Liang C, Su GF, Mo DL. Iodine(III) Reagent-Mediated Intramolecular Amination of 2-Alkenylanilines to Prepare Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangxi Normal University; 15 Yu Cai Road Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
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10
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Oxidation-induced ortho-selective C–H bond functionalization of 2-naphthylamine derivative. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT. χ-Shaped bis(areno)-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles generated by oxidative aromatic coupling. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2893-9. [PMID: 25692662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles fused with two peripheral arenes or heterocyclic units has been realized through the concise route. These nearly planar compounds were prepared starting from assembling the central core via condensation of 2-aryl or 2-heteroarylbenzaldehydes with aromatic amines and diacetyl, followed by double intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling. This two-step procedure afforded the desired products in overall yields of 5-36%, and it tolerates structural diversity of starting materials. All the final dyes exhibit strong blue fluorescence in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Han D, Li Z, Fan R. Oxidative Nucleophilic Cyclization of 2-Alkynylanilines with Thiophenols under Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2014; 16:6508-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5034139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Han
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan
Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan
Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan
Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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13
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Zhang X, Wang F, Qi Z, Yu S, Li X. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C–H Arylation via Rearomatization. Org Lett 2014; 16:1586-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500186j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zhang
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Ji’nan 250353, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zisong Qi
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Songjie Yu
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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14
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Zheng C, Chen JJ, Fan R. Dearomatization Strategy and Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction: Construction of Azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles from 2-Alkynylanilines. Org Lett 2014; 16:816-9. [PMID: 24432798 DOI: 10.1021/ol403557q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Jin Chen
- Children
Health Care Center Shanghai, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 24 Lane 1400, West Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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15
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An efficient synthesis of 4,6-dihydrospiro[azepino[4,3,2-cd]indole-3,3′-indoline]-2′,5(1H)-diones via multi-component reaction. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Nandakumar A, Kiruthika SE, Naveen K, Perumal PT. Pd(0)-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective cyclization of alkynes: selective synthesis of (E)-4-(isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines and aze/oxepinoindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:876-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Yang M, Tang J, Fan R. Dearomatization Strategy of β-Enamino Ester: Construction of Indenoazepines via Tandem Michael Addition/Polycyclization. Org Lett 2013; 15:3464-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401553n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theraputics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theraputics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theraputics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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18
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Zhang L, Li Z, Fan R. Metal-Controlled Cycloaddition of 2-Alkynyl-1,4-benzoquinones and Styrenyl Systems: Lewis Acid versus π Acid. Org Lett 2013; 15:2482-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400956h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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