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Gao W, Han J, Greaves S, Harrity JPA. Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalizable Type II β-Turn-Inducing α-Amino Acid Building Blocks. Org Lett 2023; 25:6555-6559. [PMID: 37642309 PMCID: PMC10496131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Peptidomimetics are emerging as a promising class of potent and selective therapeutics. Among the current approaches to these compounds, the utilization of constrained lactams is a key element in enforcing the active peptide conformation, and the development of efficient and stereocontrolled methods for generating such lactam building blocks is an important objective. Current methods typically rely on the elaboration of existing α-amino acids, and in so doing, the side chain is sacrificed during the ring-forming process. We report a new asymmetric approach to lactam-constrained α-amino acid building blocks bearing a range of polar and hydrophobic side chains. The chemistry is amenable to rapidly generating di- and tripeptides, and the potential for these lactams to stabilize type II β-turns is demonstrated in the synthesis of the melanocyte-inhibiting factor peptidomimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United
Kingdom
| | - Jiaxin Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United
Kingdom
| | - Sophie Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United
Kingdom
| | - Joseph P. A. Harrity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United
Kingdom
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2
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Jílková A, Horn M, Fanfrlík J, Küppers J, Pachl P, Řezáčová P, Lepšík M, Fajtová P, Rubešová P, Chanová M, Caffrey CR, Gütschow M, Mareš M. Azanitrile Inhibitors of the SmCB1 Protease Target Are Lethal to Schistosoma mansoni: Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Chemotype Reactivity. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:189-201. [PMID: 33301315 PMCID: PMC7802074 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
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Azapeptide
nitriles are postulated to reversibly covalently react
with the active-site cysteine residue of cysteine proteases and form
isothiosemicarbazide adducts. We investigated the interaction of azadipeptide
nitriles with the cathepsin B1 drug target (SmCB1) from Schistosoma
mansoni, a pathogen that causes the global neglected disease
schistosomiasis. Azadipeptide nitriles were superior inhibitors of
SmCB1 over their parent carba analogs. We determined the crystal structure
of SmCB1 in complex with an azadipeptide nitrile and analyzed the
reaction mechanism using quantum chemical calculations. The data demonstrate
that azadipeptide nitriles, in contrast to their carba counterparts,
undergo a change from E- to Z-configuration
upon binding, which gives rise to a highly favorable energy profile
of noncovalent and covalent complex formation. Finally, azadipeptide
nitriles were considerably more lethal than their carba analogs against
the schistosome pathogen in culture, supporting the further development
of this chemotype as a treatment for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jim Küppers
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Rubešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Chanová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2028/7, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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Chauhan PS, Brettell S, Ramakotaiah M, Diarra S, Nguyen AMT, Wei X, Hamdane Y, Yongo-Luwawa CD, Lubell WD. Hydrazine derivative synthesis by trifluoroacetyl hydrazide alkylation. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N′-Alkyl hydrazides were effectively synthesized by routes featuring installation, alkylation, and removal of a trifluoroacetyl group. A set of amino acid derived hydrazides were acylated using trifluoroacetic anhydride, and the resulting trifluoroacetyl hydrazides were alkylated with alcohols in Mitsunobu reactions and with alkyl halides under alkaline conditions. Removal of the trifluoroacetyl group was affected under reductive and hydrolytic conditions to provide the respective N′-alkyl hydrazides. This three-step process may be performed without isolation of intermediates to yield N′-alkyl hydrazide after a single chromatographic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep S. Chauhan
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Skye Brettell
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mulamreddy Ramakotaiah
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sitan Diarra
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anh Minh Thao Nguyen
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xiaozheng Wei
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yousra Hamdane
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charity Deborah Yongo-Luwawa
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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4
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Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of N’-Cyano-N,N’-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzohydrazide. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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St-Cyr DJ, García-Ramos Y, Doan ND, Lubell WD. Aminolactam, N-Aminoimidazolone, and N-Aminoimdazolidinone Peptide Mimics. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2017_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Ito M, Tahara YK, Shibata T. Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Clavicipitic Acid. Chemistry 2016; 22:5468-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, Shinjuku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yu-ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, Shinjuku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, Shinjuku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- ACT-C (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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7
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8
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Tahara Y, Ito M, Kanyiva KS, Shibata T. Total Synthesis of
cis
‐Clavicipitic Acid from Asparagine via Ir‐Catalyzed CH bond Activation as a Key Step. Chemistry 2015; 21:11340-3. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8555(Japan)
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8555(Japan)
| | - Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- International Center for Science and Engineering Programs (ICSEP), Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8555 (Japan)
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8555(Japan)
- ACT‐C (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4‐1‐8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332‐0012 (Japan)
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9
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Schmitz J, Beckmann AM, Dudic A, Li T, Sellier R, Bartz U, Gütschow M. 3-Cyano-3-aza-β-amino Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Cysteine Cathepsins. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1076-81. [PMID: 25313316 DOI: 10.1021/ml500238q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrile-type inhibitors are known to interact with cysteine proteases in a covalent-reversible manner. The chemotype of 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid derivatives was designed in which the N-cyano group is centrally arranged in the molecule to allow for interactions with the nonprimed and primed binding regions of the target enzymes. These compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of the human cysteine cathepsins K, S, B, and L. They exhibited slow-binding behavior and were found to be exceptionally potent, in particular toward cathepsin K, with second-order rate constants up to 52 900 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schmitz
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Anna-Madeleine Beckmann
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adela Dudic
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tianwei Li
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Sellier
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Pellegrino S, Contini A, Gelmi ML, Lo Presti L, Soave R, Erba E. Asymmetric Modular Synthesis of a Semirigid Dipeptide Mimetic by Cascade Cycloaddition/Ring Rearrangement and Borohydride Reduction. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3094-102. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pellegrino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISFARM-Sez. Chimica
Generale e Organica “A.Marchesini”, via Venzian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISFARM-Sez. Chimica
Generale e Organica “A.Marchesini”, via Venzian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gelmi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISFARM-Sez. Chimica
Generale e Organica “A.Marchesini”, via Venzian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CNR- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Soave
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CNR- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Erba
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISFARM-Sez. Chimica
Generale e Organica “A.Marchesini”, via Venzian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Löser R, Bergmann R, Frizler M, Mosch B, Dombrowski L, Kuchar M, Steinbach J, Gütschow M, Pietzsch J. Synthesis and radiopharmacological characterisation of a fluorine-18-labelled azadipeptide nitrile as a potential PET tracer for in vivo imaging of cysteine cathepsins. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1330-44. [PMID: 23785011 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A fluorinated cathepsin inhibitor based on the azadipeptide nitrile chemotype was prepared and selected for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development owing to its high affinity for the oncologically relevant cathepsins L, S, K and B. Labelling with fluorine-18 was accomplished in an efficient and reliable two-step, one-pot radiosynthesis by using 2-[(18) F]fluoroethylnosylate as a prosthetic agent. The pharmacokinetic properties of the resulting radiotracer compound were studied in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in normal rats by radiometabolite analysis and small-animal positron emission tomography. These investigations revealed rapid conjugate formation of the tracer with glutathione in the blood, which is associated with slow blood clearance. The potential of the developed (18) F-labelled probe to image tumour-associated cathepsin activity was investigated by dynamic small-animal PET imaging in nude mice bearing tumours derived from the human NCI-H292 lung carcinoma cell line. Computational analysis of the obtained image data indicated the time-dependent accumulation of the radiotracer in the tumours. The expression of the target enzymes in the tumours was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. This indicates that azadipeptide nitriles have the potential to target thiol-dependent cathepsins in vivo despite their disadvantageous pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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