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Li NS, Dai Q, Weissman B, Harris ME, Piccirilli JA. A general and efficient approach to synthesize the phosphoramidites of 5'- 18O labeled purine nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:930-943. [PMID: 37233721 PMCID: PMC10529648 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2218421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
5'-18O labeled RNA oligos are important probes to investigate the mechanism of 2'-O-transphosphorylation reactions. Here we describe a general and efficient synthetic approach to the phosphoramidite derivatives of 5'-18O labeled nucleosides starting from the corresponding commercially available 5'-O-DMT protected nucleosides. Using this method, we prepared 5'-18O-guanosine phosphoramidite in 8 steps (13.2% overall yield), 5'-18O-adenosine phosphoramidite in 9 steps (10.1% overall yield) and 5'-18O-2'-deoxyguanosine phosphoramidite in 6 steps (12.8% overall yield). These 5'-18O labeled phosphoramidites can be incorporated into RNA oligos by solid phase synthesis for determination of heavy atom isotope effects in RNA 2'-O-transphosphorylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael E Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph A Piccirilli
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Catalytic Approaches to Chemo- and Site-Selective Transformation of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6793-6838. [PMID: 37126370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating carbohydrates for further understanding of their functions and the creation of sugar-based functional materials. It is, however, not trivial to develop such methods, since carbohydrates are densely decorated with polar and similarly reactive hydroxy groups in a stereodefined manner. New approaches to chemo- and site-selective transformations of carbohydrates are, therefore, of great significance for revolutionizing sugar chemistry to enable easier access to sugars of interest. This review begins with a brief overview of the innate reactivity of hydroxy groups of carbohydrates. It is followed by discussions about catalytic approaches to enhance, override, or be orthogonal to the innate reactivity for the transformation of carbohydrates. This review avoids making a list of chemo- and site-selective reactions, but rather focuses on summarizing the concept behind each reported transformation. The literature references were sorted into sections based on the underlying ideas of the catalytic approaches, which we hope will help readers have a better sense of the current state of chemistry and develop innovative ideas for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Rao VUB, Wang C, Demarque DP, Grassin C, Otte F, Merten C, Strohmann C, Loh CCJ. A synergistic Rh(I)/organoboron-catalysed site-selective carbohydrate functionalization that involves multiple stereocontrol. Nat Chem 2023; 15:424-435. [PMID: 36585443 PMCID: PMC9986112 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalization is a core synthetic strategy that has broad implications in organic synthesis. Particularly, exploiting chiral catalysis to control site selectivity in complex carbohydrate functionalizations has emerged as a leading method to unravel unprecedented routes into biologically relevant glycosides. However, robust catalytic systems available to overcome multiple facets of stereoselectivity challenges to this end still remain scarce. Here we report a synergistic chiral Rh(I)- and organoboron-catalysed protocol, which enables access into synthetically challenging but biologically relevant arylnaphthalene glycosides. Our method depicts the employment of chiral Rh(I) catalysis in site-selective carbohydrate functionalization and showcases the utility of boronic acid as a compatible co-catalyst. Crucial to the success of our method is the judicious choice of a suitable organoboron catalyst. We also determine that exquisite multiple aspects of stereocontrol, including enantio-, diastereo-, regio- and anomeric control and dynamic kinetic resolution, are concomitantly operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- V U Bhaskara Rao
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany.,Fakültät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Caiming Wang
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany.,Fakültät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Felix Otte
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Strohmann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C J Loh
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany. .,Fakültät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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4
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Abstract
The discovery of cGAMP in 2012 filled an important gap in our understanding of innate immune signaling. It has been known for over a century that DNA can induce immune responses, but the underlying mechanism was not clear. With the identification of STING as a key player in interferon induction, the DNA detector that activates STING was the last missing link in TBK1-IRF3 signaling. Somewhat unexpectedly, it turns out that nature relays the DNA danger signal through a small molecule. cGAMP is a cyclic dinucleotide produced from cyclodimerization of ATP and GTP upon detection of cytosolic DNA by cGAS, a previously uncharacterized protein, to promote the assembly of the STING signalosome. This article covers a personal account of the discovery of cGAMP, a short history of the relevant nucleotide chemistry, and a summary of the latest development in this field of research in chemistry. It is the author's hope that, with a historic perspective, the readers can better appreciate the synergy between chemistry and biology in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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5
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Gaffney BL, Jones RA. Regioselective 2'-Silylation of Purine Ribonucleosides for Phosphoramidite RNA Synthesis. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e640. [PMID: 36607644 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This article describes high-yield procedures for protection of purine ribonucleosides based on a reaction that allows highly regioselective 2'-silylation. Each protocol makes use of two transient protection steps. In the case of tritylation of the 5' hydroxyl, the 2',3'-diol is protected by reaction with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (Zemlicka, 1963) to prevent the small, but potentially troublesome, tritylation of the 2'-hydroxyl that otherwise accompanies tritylation of the 5'-hydroxyl (Zhang et al., 1997). The phenoxyacetylation of the amino group is carried out after transient hydroxyl and guanine O6 protection with trimethylchlorosilane using the hydroxybenzotriazole active ester of phenoxyacetic acid. These protocols give overall yields that are three times the best yields available by conventional procedures for adenosine and guanosine, but offer no advantage for cytidine or uridine. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-6-N-acyladenosine Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-O-tert-butyldimethysilyl-2-N-acylguanosine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Jones
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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6
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Hashimoto H, Ueda Y, Takasu K, Kawabata T. Catalytic Substrate‐Selective Silylation of Primary Alcohols via Remote Functional‐Group Discrimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji city Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji city Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida Kyoto, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji city Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare 137-1 Enokizu Okawa Fukuoka 831-8501 Japan
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7
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Hashimoto H, Ueda Y, Takasu K, Kawabata T. Catalytic Substrate-Selective Silylation of Primary Alcohols via Remote Functional-Group Discrimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114118. [PMID: 34942061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Silylation of alcohols has generally been known to take place at the sterically most accessible less-hindered hydroxy group. However, we report here the catalyst-controlled substrate-selective silylation of primary alcohols, where the selectivity was controlled independent of the innate reactivity of the hydroxy group based on the steric environment. The chain-length-selective silylation of 1, n- amino alcohol derivatives was achieved, where 1,5-amino alcohol derivatives showed outstanding high reactivity in the presence of analogues with a shorter or longer chain length under catalyst-controlled conditions. A highly substrate-selective catalytic silylation of pentanol analogues was also developed, in which the remote functionality at C(5) from the reacting hydroxy groups was effectively discriminated on silylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji city, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji city, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Yoshida Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji city, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan
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8
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Exploiting non-covalent interactions in selective carbohydrate synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:792-815. [PMID: 37117666 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions (NCIs) are a vital component of biological bond-forming events, and have found important applications in multiple branches of chemistry. In recent years, the biomimetic exploitation of NCIs in challenging glycosidic bond formation and glycofunctionalizations has attracted significant interest across diverse communities of organic and carbohydrate chemists. This emerging theme is a major new direction in contemporary carbohydrate chemistry, and is rapidly gaining traction as a robust strategy to tackle long-standing issues such as anomeric and site selectivity. This Review thus seeks to provide a bird's-eye view of wide-ranging advances in harnessing NCIs within the broad field of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. These include the exploitation of NCIs in non-covalent catalysed glycosylations, in non-covalent catalysed glycofunctionalizations, in aglycone delivery, in stabilization of intermediates and transition states, in the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding networks and in aggregation by hydrogen bonds. In addition, recent emerging opportunities in exploiting halogen bonding and other unconventional NCIs, such as CH-π, cation-π and cation-n interactions, in various aspects of carbohydrate chemistry are also examined.
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9
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Chung JYL, Kassim AM, Simmons B, Davis TA, Song ZJ, Limanto J, Dalby SM, He CQ, Calabria R, Wright TJ, Campeau LC. Kilogram-Scale Synthesis of 2′-C-Methyl-arabino-Uridine from Uridine via Dynamic Selective Dipivaloylation. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Y. L. Chung
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Amude M. Kassim
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bryon Simmons
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tyler A. Davis
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhiguo J. Song
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John Limanto
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stephen M. Dalby
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cyndi Q. He
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ralph Calabria
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Timothy J. Wright
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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10
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Kempson J, Zhang H, Hou X, Cornelius L, Zhao R, Wang B, Hong Z, Oderinde MS, Pawluczyk J, Wu DR, Sun D, Li P, Yip S, Smith A, Caceres-Cortes J, Aulakh D, Sarjeant AA, Park PK, Harikrishnan LS, Qin LY, Dodd DS, Fink B, Vite G, Mathur A. A Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Phosphorothioate Cyclic Dinucleotide-Based STING Agonist. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8851-8861. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kempson
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hou
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lyndon Cornelius
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rulin Zhao
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bei Wang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Zhenqiu Hong
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joseph Pawluczyk
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dawn Sun
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Shiuhang Yip
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Aaron Smith
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Janet Caceres-Cortes
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Darpandeep Aulakh
- Materials Science & Engineering, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Materials Science & Engineering, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Peter K. Park
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lalgudi S. Harikrishnan
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lan-ying Qin
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dharmpal S. Dodd
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Brian Fink
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research and Early Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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11
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Sun D, Wu DR, Li P, Yip H, Wang B, Hou X, Zhao R, Zhang H, Kempson J, Mathur A. Large-scale supercritical fluid chromatography purification of unstable STING agonist intermediates. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462309. [PMID: 34147835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A regioisomeric mixture of the nucleoside derivative, Intermediate 1, required resolution by preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in order to obtain the desired regioisomer as a key intermediate in a STING agonist program. Various chiral columns and solvents including methanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol, and the mixture of acetonitrile and isopropanol as organic modifiers in carbon dioxide at different temperatures were screened to obtain the best regioisomeric resolution. A key issue associated with interconversion between the regioisomers via silyl migration during purification was investigated in methanol, acetonitrile, and the mixture of acetonitrile and isopropanol, and the optimal organic modifier in CO2 was established to mitigate the interconversion to an acceptable level (<5%). Taking into account peak resolution, throughput, interconversion and operation robustness, an efficient SFC method for large-scale purification was successfully developed and scaled up onto a 5 cm I. D. Chiralcel OJ-H column using 25% acetonitrile: isopropanol [1:1 (v/v)] with 0.1% ammonium hydroxide as the modifier in CO2 at a total flow rate of 270 mL/min and a temperature of 30°C. In addition, continual evaporation (i.e. every hour) of the desired isomer fraction stream post-separation ensured minimal further interconversion. A total of 258 grams were separated at a high throughput of 8.6 g/h. Regioisomeric purity of the desired isomer of Intermediate 1 was ≥98.2% and the recovery was ≥90.2%. A similar purification strategy was applied to the regioisomeric resolution of Intermediate 2, an analog of Intermediate 1. In total, 1028 grams of Intermediate 2 were processed at a high throughput of 12.5 g/h on a Viridis BEH 2-EP column. The regioisomeric purity of the desired isomer was ≥96.8% and the recovery was ≥90.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sun
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States.
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Henry Yip
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hou
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Rulin Zhao
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - James Kempson
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
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12
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Song G, Jeong KS. Aromatic Helical Foldamers as Nucleophilic Catalysts for the Regioselective Acetylation of Octyl β-d-Glucopyranoside. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2475-2481. [PMID: 33206472 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two indolocarbazole-naphthyridine foldamers 2 and 3 that fold into helical conformations were prepared. The 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) moiety was introduced at one end of the foldamer strands to develop foldamer-based catalysts for the site-selective acylation of polyols. These foldamers adopt helical conformations containing internal cavities capable of binding octyl β-d-glucopyranoside. The association constants were determined to be 1.9 (±0.1)×105 M-1 for 2 and 2.1 (±0.1)×105 M-1 for 3 in CH2 Cl2 at 25 °C. In the presence of DMAP, 2 or 3 as the catalysts, octyl β-d-glucopyranoside was subjected to acetylation under identical reaction conditions. The DMAP-catalysed reaction afforded the random distribution of the monoacetylates (6-OAc : 4-OAc : 3-OAc : 2-OAc=33 : 24 : 41 : 2). In contrast, foldamers 2 and 3 led to the predominant formation of 6-OAc. The relative distributions were estimated to be 6-OAc : 4-OAc : 3-OAc=88 : 4 : 6 : ∼0 with 2 and 6-OAc : 4-OAc : 3-OAc : 2-OAc=90 : 3 : 6 : 1 with 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunmoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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13
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Dimakos V, Gorelik D, Su HY, Garrett GE, Hughes G, Shibayama H, Taylor MS. Site-selective redox isomerizations of furanosides using a combined arylboronic acid/photoredox catalyst system. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1531-1537. [PMID: 34084383 PMCID: PMC8148048 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of an arylboronic acid and a hydrogen atom transfer mediator under photoredox conditions, furanoside derivatives undergo site-selective redox isomerizations to 2-keto-3-deoxyfuranosides. Experimental evidence and computational modeling suggest that the transformation takes place by abstraction of the hydrogen atom from the 2-position of the furanoside-derived arylboronic ester, followed by C3-O bond cleavage via spin-center shift. This mechanism is reminiscent of the currently accepted pathway for the formation of 3'-ketodeoxynucleotides by ribonucleotide reductase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Daniel Gorelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Hsin Y Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Graham E Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Gregory Hughes
- Global Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories P. O. Box 2000 Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Hiromitsu Shibayama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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14
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Hatano A, Terado N, Kanno Y, Nakamura T, Kawai G. Synthesis of a protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidite-linked spin label via an alkynyl chain at the 5′ position of uridine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1545033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Shibaura Institute of Technology , Saitama , Japan
| | - Nanae Terado
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Shibaura Institute of Technology , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yuichi Kanno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Shibaura Institute of Technology , Saitama , Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki , Japan
| | - Gota Kawai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology , Chiba , Japan
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15
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Dimakos V, Taylor MS. Site-Selective Functionalization of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11457-11517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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16
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Song W, Zheng N. Chiral catalyst-directed site-selective functionalization of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates. J Carbohydr Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2017.1390575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangze Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China
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17
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18
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Peng P, Linseis M, Winter RF, Schmidt RR. Regioselective Acylation of Diols and Triols: The Cyanide Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6002-9. [PMID: 27104625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Central topics of carbohydrate chemistry embrace structural modifications of carbohydrates and oligosaccharide synthesis. Both require regioselectively protected building blocks that are mainly available via indirect multistep procedures. Hence, direct protection methods targeting a specific hydroxy group are demanded. Dual hydrogen bonding will eventually differentiate between differently positioned hydroxy groups. As cyanide is capable of various kinds of hydrogen bonding and as it is a quite strong sterically nondemanding base, regioselective O-acylations should be possible at low temperatures even at sterically congested positions, thus permitting formation and also isolation of the kinetic product. Indeed, 1,2-cis-diols, having an equatorial and an axial hydroxy group, benzoyl cyanide or acetyl cyanide as an acylating agent, and DMAP as a catalyst yield at -78 °C the thermodynamically unfavorable axial O-acylation product; acyl migration is not observed under these conditions. This phenomenon was substantiated with 3,4-O-unproteced galacto- and fucopyranosides and 2,3-O-unprotected mannopyranosides. Even for 3,4,6-O-unprotected galactopyranosides as triols, axial 4-O-acylation is appreciably faster than O-acylation of the primary 6-hydroxy group. The importance of hydrogen bonding for this unusual regioselectivity could be confirmed by NMR studies and DFT calculations, which indicate favorable hydrogen bonding of cyanide to the most acidic axial hydroxy group supported by hydrogen bonding of the equatorial hydroxy group to the axial oxygen. Thus, the "cyanide effect" is due to dual hydrogen bonding of the axial hydroxy group which enhances the nucleophilicity of the respective oxygen atom, permitting an even faster reaction for diols than for mono-ols. In contrast, fluoride as a counterion favors dual hydrogen bonding to both hydroxy groups leading to equatorial O-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Richard R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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19
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Cramer DL, Bera S, Studer A. Exploring Cooperative Effects in Oxidative NHC Catalysis: Regioselective Acylation of Carbohydrates. Chemistry 2016; 22:7403-7. [PMID: 27038068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The utility of oxidative NHC catalysis for both the regioselective and chemoselective functionalization of carbohydrates is explored. Chiral NHCs allow for the highly regioselective oxidative esterification of various carbohydrates using aldehydes as acylation precursors. The transformation was also shown to be amenable to both cis/trans diol isomers, free amino groups, and selective for specific sugar epimers in competition experiments. Efficiency and regioselectivity of the acylation can be improved upon using two different NHC catalysts that act cooperatively. The potential of the method is documented by the regioselective acylation of an amino-linked neodisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Cramer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Srikrishna Bera
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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20
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Hatano A, Shiraishi M, Terado N, Tanabe A, Fukuda K. Enzymatic synthesis and RNA interference of nucleosides incorporating stable isotopes into a base moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6683-8. [PMID: 26404411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase was used to catalyze the conversion of thymidine (or methyluridine) and uracil incorporating stable isotopes to deoxyuridine (or uridine) with the uracil base incorporating the stable isotope. These base-exchange reactions proceeded with high conversion rates (75-96%), and the isolated yields were also good (64-87%). The masses of all synthetic compounds incorporating stable isotopes were identical to the theoretical molecular weights via EIMS. (13)C NMR spectra showed spin-spin coupling between (13)C and (15)N in the synthetic compounds, and the signals were split, further proving incorporation of the isotopes into the compounds. The RNA interference effects of this siRNA with uridine incorporating stable isotopes were also investigated. A 25mer siRNA had a strong knockdown effect on the MARCKS protein. The insertion position and number of uridine moieties incorporating stable isotopes introduced into the siRNA had no influence on the silencing of the target protein. This incorporation of stable isotopes into RNA and DNA has the potential to function as a chemically benign tracer in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
| | - Mitsuya Shiraishi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nanae Terado
- Department of Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp., 10 Okubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaragi 300-2611, Japan
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21
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Xu LW, Chen Y, Lu Y. Catalytic Silylations of Alcohols: Turning Simple Protecting-Group Strategies into Powerful Enantioselective Synthetic Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Xu LW, Chen Y, Lu Y. Katalytische Silylierung von Alkoholen: von einfachen Schutzgruppenstrategien zu leistungsfähigen enantioselektiven Synthesemethoden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Taylor MS. Catalyst-Controlled, Regioselective Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives. SITE-SELECTIVE CATALYSIS 2015; 372:125-55. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Giuliano MW, Miller SJ. Site-Selective Reactions with Peptide-Based Catalysts. SITE-SELECTIVE CATALYSIS 2015; 372:157-201. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee S, Blaisdell TP, Kasaplar P, Sun X, Tan KL. Synthesis of 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-TBS Mononucleosides Using an Organic Catalyst. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY 2014; 57:2.17.1-11. [PMID: 24961720 PMCID: PMC4102882 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0217s57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes a highly effective method to produce 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-TBS mononucleosides selectively using a small organic catalyst. This methodology avoids the tedious protection/deprotection strategy necessary to differentiate the 2'- and 3'-hydroxyl groups in a ribonucleoside. The catalyst was synthesized in two steps, starting from the condensation of valinol and cyclopentyl aldehyde, followed by anionic addition of N-methylimidazole. Ring closure of the amino alcohol with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in methanol furnishes the catalyst. All four 2'-O-TBS protected mono-nucleosides, U, A(Bz), G(Ib), and C(Ac), were produced in a single step using 10 to 20 mol% of the catalyst at room temperature with excellent yields and selectivity. Further transformation to phosphoramidite demonstrates the utility of this protocol in the preparation of monomers useful for automated synthesis of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunggi Lee
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Thomas P. Blaisdell
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Pinar Kasaplar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Av. Paisos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xixi Sun
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Kian L. Tan
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
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Joe CL, Blaisdell TP, Geoghan AF, Tan KL. Distal-selective hydroformylation using scaffolding catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8556-9. [PMID: 24902624 PMCID: PMC4227840 DOI: 10.1021/ja504247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In hydroformylation, phosphorus-based directing groups have been consistently successful at placing the aldehyde on the carbon proximal to the directing group. The design and synthesis of a novel catalytic directing group are reported that promotes aldehyde formation on the carbon distal relative to the directing functionality. This scaffolding ligand, which operates through a reversible covalent bond to the substrate, has been applied to the diastereoselective hydroformylation of homoallylic alcohols to afford δ-lactones selectively. Altering the distance between the alcohol and the olefin revealed that homoallylic alcohols gives the distal lactone with the highest levels of regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Joe
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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27
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Chen IH, Kou KGM, Le DN, Rathbun CM, Dong VM. Recognition and site-selective transformation of monosaccharides by using copper(II) catalysis. Chemistry 2014; 20:5013-8. [PMID: 24623522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate copper(II)-catalyzed acylation and tosylation of monosaccharides. Various carbohydrate derivatives, including glucopyranosides and ribofuranosides, are obtained in high yields and regioselectivities. Using this versatile strategy, the site of acylation can be switched by choice of ligand. Preliminary mechanistic studies support nucleophilic addition of a copper-sugar complex to the acyl chloride to be turnover limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hon Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences 1, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 (USA)
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