1
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Jiang Q, Liu X, Wang W, Chen Y, Yu M. Metal-free direct C-6-H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides enabled by oxidative homolysis of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines at room temperature. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1744-1754. [PMID: 36723234 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the application of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are easily prepared from inexpensive aldehydes in one step, for the direct site-specific C-H alkylation of purines and purine nucleosides. Despite there being three active C(sp2)-H bonds (C-2-H, C-6-H, and C-8-H) in the structure, the reactions still show high regioselectivity at the purinyl C-6-H position. Importantly, the reactions successfully avoid the use of transition metal catalysts and additional acids. Meanwhile, the protocols are not sensitive to moisture and require only persulfate as an oxidant. Besides, this method displays broad functional group compatibility and is easy to scale up. Notably, pharmaceutical purines, e.g. the natural product 6-hydroxymethyl nebularine isolated from basidiomycetes, can be smoothly prepared using this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xiguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yiwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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2
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Wang DC, Yang TT, Qu GR, Guo HM. Substrate-Dependent Regioselectivity: Pd/PTC Cooperatively Catalyzed Domino Heck/Allylation of Allenamides with α-Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14284-14298. [PMID: 36240155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A Pd/phase-transfer catalyst cooperatively catalyzed domino Heck/allylation reaction is first reported, which represents interesting substrate-dependent regioselectivity. Under the same conditions, Ts-protected N-(2-iodophenyl)allenamides produced only linear allylation products, while Cbz, Ac, or Boc-protected N-(2-iodophenyl)allenamides and N-(2-iodobenzoyl)allenamides with various compounds generated branch allylation products with an exocylic C═C bond and two vicinal stereocenters. Up-scale syntheses and diverse fused cyclization transformations of products were then carried out. The enantioselective version for the domino process was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Wang DC, Wu PP, Du PY, Qu GR, Guo HM. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Oxindoles Containing Vicinal Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters by a Domino Heck/Decarboxylative Alkynylation Sequence. Org Lett 2022; 24:4212-4217. [PMID: 35666666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed domino Heck/decarboxylative alkynylation reaction of trisubstituted alkenes or enamines is reported. For two different types of substrates, the current domino reaction employing different solvents and bases led to 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles and hydropyrimidinyl spirooxindoles containing vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters in moderate to good yields, respectively. The general applicability of this method was shown by gram-scale syntheses and diverse transformations of the reaction products. The enantioselective version for this domino process was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Pei-Yu Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Chandrasekaran R, Pulikkottil FT, Elama KS, Rasappan R. Direct synthesis and applications of solid silylzinc reagents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15719-15726. [PMID: 35003603 PMCID: PMC8654096 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased synthetic utility of organosilanes has motivated researchers to develop milder and more practical synthetic methods. Silylzinc reagents, which are typically the most functional group tolerant, are notoriously difficult to synthesize because they are obtained by a pyrophoric reaction of silyllithium, particularly Me3SiLi which is itself prepared by the reaction of MeLi and disilane. Furthermore, the dissolved LiCl in silylzinc may have a detrimental effect. A synthetic method that can avoid silyllithium and involves a direct synthesis of silylzinc reagents from silyl halides is arguably the simplest and most economical strategy. We describe, for the first time, the direct synthesis of PhMe2SiZnI and Me3SiZnI reagents by employing a coordinating TMEDA ligand, as well as single crystal XRD structures. Importantly, they can be obtained as solids and stored for longer periods at 4 °C. We also demonstrate their significance in cross-coupling of various free alkyl/aryl/alkenyl carboxylic acids with broader functional group tolerance and API derivatives. The general applicability and efficiency of solid Me3SiZnI are shown in a wide variety of reactions including alkylation, arylation, allylation, 1,4-addition, acylation and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Chandrasekaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Feba Thomas Pulikkottil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Krishna Suresh Elama
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Ramesh Rasappan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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5
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Yu G, Wang P, Bao X, Wang Y. Computational Insights into the Divergent Regioselectivities for Nickel‐Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Allyl Moiety of N‐Allyl‐2‐aminopyrimidine. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Fu Yu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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6
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Hao EJ, Fu DD, Wang DC, Zhang T, Qu GR, Li GX, Lan Y, Guo HM. Chemoselective asymmetric dearomative [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of purines with aminocyclopropanes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of purines with aminocyclopropanes for the dearomatization of purines have been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Jun Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drugs Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Dan-Dan Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drugs Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drugs Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drugs Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Gong-Xin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drugs Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drugs Innovation
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
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7
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Li W, Boon JK, Zhao Y. Nickel-catalyzed difunctionalization of allyl moieties using organoboronic acids and halides with divergent regioselectivities. Chem Sci 2017; 9:600-607. [PMID: 29629124 PMCID: PMC5869318 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein a nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes using readily available organoboronic acids and organic halides in a three-component fashion.
Efficient difunctionalization of alkenes allows the rapid construction of molecular complexity from simple building blocks in organic synthesis. We present herein a nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes using readily available organoboronic acids and organic halides in a three-component fashion. In particular, an unprecedented regioselectivity of the 1,3-dicarbofunctionalization of N-allylpyrimidin-2-amine is achieved when aryl and methyl iodides are utilized. In contrast, the use of alkyl bromides with β-hydrogens results in 1,3-hydroarylation or oxidative 1,3-diarylation. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an isomerization involving nickel hydride in the 1,3-difunctionalization reactions. On the other hand, the use of alkenyl or alkynyl halides promotes alternative regioselectivities to deliver 1,2-alkenylcarbonation or intriguing 2,1-alkynylcarbonation products. Such 2,1-alkynylarylation is also applicable to N-allylbenzamide as a different class of substrates. Overall, this nickel-catalyzed process proves to be powerful in delivering versatile difunctionalized compounds using readily available reagents/catalysts and a simple procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Li
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
| | - Jie Kang Boon
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Republic of Singapore .
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8
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Thapa S, Basnet P, Giri R. Copper-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins by Tandem Cyclization/Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5700-5703. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Thapa
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Prakash Basnet
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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9
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Fu Y, Zhao XL, Hügel H, Huang D, Du Z, Wang K, Hu Y. Magnesium salt promoted tandem nucleophilic addition-Oppenauer oxidation of aldehydes with organozinc reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9720-9724. [PMID: 27714256 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A magnesium salt promoted synthesis of ketones via tandem nucleophilic addition-Oppenauer oxidation of aldehydes using organozinc chemistry was demonstrated. Magnesium salts concomitantly generated via magnesium metal mediated organohalide zincation exhibit high efficacy for nucleophilic addition of organozinc reagents to aromatic aldehydes and thereafter Oppenauer oxidation whereby ketones are formed in high to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Xing Ling Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Hulmet Hügel
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Zhengyin Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Kehu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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10
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Fan Y, He Y, Liu X, Hu T, Ma H, Yang X, Luo X, Huang G. Iodine-Mediated Domino Oxidative Cyclization: One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles via Oxidative Cleavage of C(sp2)–H or C(sp)–H Bond. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6820-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yongqin He
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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11
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Wang DC, Xia R, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Synthesis of cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides via a metal-free radical route. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4189-93. [PMID: 27101306 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to synthesize cycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides was developed. This metal-free C-H activation was accomplished by a tBuOOtBu initiated radical reaction. By adjusting the amount of tBuOOtBu and reaction time, the selective synthesis of C6-monocycloalkyl or C6,C8-dicycloalkyl substituted purine nucleosides could be realized. Furthermore, uracil and related nucleosides were also suitable substrates, giving the C5-cyclohexyl substituted uracil derivatives in good yields with excellent regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chao Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Xia
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan province 453007, P. R. China and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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12
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Singh MK, Akula HK, Satishkumar S, Stahl L, Lakshman MK. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation Approach to Azolyl Aminals and Hemiaminal Ethers, Mechanistic Evaluations, and Isomer Interconversion. ACS Catal 2016; 6:1921-1928. [PMID: 27563492 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C(sp3)-N bond-forming reactions between benzotriazole and 5,6-dimethylbenzotriazole with N-methylpyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, and isochroman have been conducted using RuCl3•3H2O/t-BuOOH in 1,2-dichloroethane. In all cases, N1 and N2 alkylation products were obtained, and these are readily separated by chromatography. One of these products, 1-(isochroman-1-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole, was examined by X-ray crystallography. It is the first such compound to be analyzed by this method, and notably, the benzotriazolyl moiety is quasi-axially disposed, consistent with the anomeric effect. This has plausible consequences, not observed previously. In contrast to other hemiaminal ether-forming reactions, which proceed via radicals, this Ru-catalyzed process is not suppressed in the presence of a radical inhibitor. Therefore, an oxoruthenium-species-mediated rapid formation of an oxocarbenium intermediate is believed to occur. In the radical-trapping experiment, previously unknown products containing both the benzotriazole and the TEMPO unit have been identified. In these products, it is likely that the benzotriazole is introduced via a Ru-catalyzed C-N bond formation, whereas C-O bond-formation with TEMPO occurs via a radical reaction. We show that reactions of THF with TEMPO are influenced by ambient light. A competitive reaction of THF and THF-d8 with benzotriazole indicated that C-H bond cleavage occurs ca. 5 times faster than C-D cleavage. This is comparable to other metal-mediated radical reactions of THF, but lower than that observed for a reaction catalyzed by n-Bu4N+I-. Detailed mechanistic experiments and comparisons are described. The catalytic system was also evaluated for reactions of benzimidazole, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 1,2,3-triazole with THF, and successful reactions were achieved in each case. In the course of our studies, we discovered an unexpected but significant isomerization of some of the benzotriazolyl hemiaminal ethers. This is plausibly attributable to the pseudoaxial orientation of the heterocycle in the products and the stability of oxocarbenium ions, both of which can contribute to C-N bond cleavage and reformation. Predominantly, the N2-isomers rearrange to the N1-isomers even upon storage at low temperature! This previously unknown phenomenon has also been studied and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Hari K. Akula
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Sakilam Satishkumar
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lothar Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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13
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Wang DC, Wang HX, Hao EJ, Jiang XH, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles Containing a 3-(4-Aminobut-2-ynyl) Unit via
Domino Heck-Sonogashira Reaction in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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15
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Wang W, Zhou R, Jiang ZJ, Wang X, Fu HY, Zheng XL, Chen H, Li RX. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Mizoroki-Heck/Intermolecular C(sp3)-H Activation Sequence: An Approach to the Formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) Bonds. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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You W, Brown MK. Diarylation of Alkenes by a Cu-Catalyzed Migratory Insertion/Cross-Coupling Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14730-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja509056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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17
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Viswanadham KKDR, Prathap Reddy M, Sathyanarayana P, Ravi O, Kant R, Bathula SR. Iodine-mediated oxidative annulation for one-pot synthesis of pyrazines and quinoxalines using a multipathway coupled domino strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13517-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05844e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Gao SH, Xie MS, Wang HX, Niu HY, Qu GR, Guo HM. Highly selective detection of Hg2+ ion by push–pull-type purine nucleoside-based fluorescent sensor. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Brackemeyer D, Hervé A, Schulte to Brinke C, Jahnke MC, Hahn FE. A versatile methodology for the regioselective C⁸-metalation of purine bases. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7841-4. [PMID: 24823250 DOI: 10.1021/ja5030904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleobases are excellent ligands for metal ions, forming normally coordinative Werner-type bonds by utilizing the N donor atoms of the nucleobase skeleton. Here we show that purines such as 8-chlorocaffeine and 8-bromo-9-methyladenine react with [Pt(PPh3)4] under oxidative addition of the C(8)-halogen bond to the metal center. The resulting Pt(II) complexes feature a C(8)-bound ylidene ligand. Protonation of the ylidene at the N(7/9)-atom yields complexes bearing a protic N-heterocyclic carbene ligand derived from the purine base with an NMe,NH-substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Brackemeyer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , D-48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Li RL, Liang L, Xie MS, Qu GR, Niu HY, Guo HM. Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Propargyl-Adenine: Synthesis of Purine-Fused Tricyclics. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3665-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Long Li
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Lei Liang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
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21
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Zhang Q, Ma BW, Wang QQ, Wang XX, Hu X, Xie MS, Qu GR, Guo HM. The Synthesis of Tenofovir and Its Analogues via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2014; 16:2014-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Wei Ma
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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22
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Wei T, Xie MS, Qu GR, Niu HY, Guo HM. A New Strategy To Construct Acyclic Nucleosides via Ag(I)-Catalyzed Addition of Pronucleophiles to 9-Allenyl-9H-purines. Org Lett 2014; 16:900-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4036566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Niu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine
Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry
of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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