1
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Vechalapu SK, Kumar R, Sachan SK, Shaikh K, Mahapatra AD, Draksharapu A, Allimuthu D. Copper and Manganese Complexes of Pyridinecarboxaldimine Induce Oxidative Cell Death in Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39240687 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging the versatile redox behavior of transition metal complexes with heterocyclic ligands offers significant potential for discovering new anticancer therapeutics. This study presents a systematic investigation of a pyridinecarboxaldimine ligand (PyIm) with late 3d-transition metals inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and the mechanism of action. Synthesis and thorough characterization of authentic metal complexes of redox-active late 3d-transition metals enabled the validation of antiproliferative activity in liver cancer cells. Notably, (PyIm)2Mn(II) (1) and (PyIm)2Cu(II) (5) complexes exhibited a good inhibitory profile against liver cancer cells (EC50: 4.0 μM for 1 and 1.7 μM for 5) with excellent selectivity over normal kidney cells (Selectivity index, SI = 17 for 5). Subsequently, evaluation of these complexes in cancers cell lines from four different sites of origin (liver, breast, blood, and bone) demonstrated a predominant selectivity to liver and a moderate selectivity to breast cancer and leukemia cells over the normal kidney cells. The mechanism of action studies highlighted no expected DNA damage in cells, rather, the enhancement of extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in mitochondrial damage leading to oxidative cell death in cancer cells. Notably, these complexes potentiated the antiproliferative effect of commercially used cancer therapeutics (cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, and dasatinib) in liver cancer cells. These findings position redox-active metal complexes for further evaluation as promising candidates for developing anticancer therapeutics and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumari Vechalapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sharad Kumar Sachan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kanchan Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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2
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Vechalapu SK, Kumar R, Chatterjee N, Gupta S, Khanna S, Thimmappa PY, Senthil S, Eerlapally R, Joshi MB, Misra SK, Draksharapu A, Allimuthu D. Redox modulator iron complexes trigger intrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. iScience 2024; 27:109899. [PMID: 38799569 PMCID: PMC11126827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance in cancer cells necessitates the development of new therapeutic modalities. One way cancer cells orchestrate energy metabolism and redox homeostasis is through overloaded iron pools directed by iron regulatory proteins, including transferrin. Here, we demonstrate that targeting redox homeostasis using nitrogen-based heterocyclic iron chelators and their iron complexes efficiently prevents the proliferation of liver cancer cells (EC50: 340 nM for IITK4003) and liver cancer 3D spheroids. These iron complexes generate highly reactive Fe(IV)=O species and accumulate lipid peroxides to promote oxidative stress in cells that impair mitochondrial function. Subsequent leakage of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the caspase cascade to trigger the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. This strategy could be applied to leverage the inherent iron overload in cancer cells to selectively promote intrinsic cellular apoptosis for the development of unique iron-complex-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumari Vechalapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Niranjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sikha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Shweta Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Pooja Yedehalli Thimmappa
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sathyapriya Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Raju Eerlapally
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Manjunath B. Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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3
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Wang F, Pu K, Li J. Activating Nanomedicines with Electromagnetic Energy for Deep-Tissue Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201083. [PMID: 36316270 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an attractive approach for cancer therapy, while its antitumor efficacy is still limited, especially for non-immunogenic tumors. Nanomedicines can be utilized to convert the non-immunogenic "cold" tumors to immunogenic "hot" tumors via inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby promoting the antitumor immune response. Some nanomedicines that can produce local heat and reactive oxygen species upon the stimulation of electromagnetic energy are the main candidates for inducing the ICD effect. However, their applications are often restricted due to the poor tissue penetration depths of electromagnetic energy, such as light. By contrast, ultrasound, X-ray, alternating magnetic field, and microwave show excellent tissue penetration depths and thereby can be used for sonodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and microwave ablation therapy, all of which can effectively induce ICD. Herein, the combination of deep-tissue electromagnetic energy with nanomedicines for inducing ICD and cancer immunotherapy are summarized. In particular, the designs of nanomedicines to amplify ICD effect in the presence of deep-tissue electromagnetic energy and sensitize tumors to various immunotherapies will be discussed. At the end of this review, a brief conclusion and discussion of current challenges and further perspectives in this subfield are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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4
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Xu X, Chang X, Huang J, Zhang D, Wang M, Jing T, Zhuang Y, Kou J, Qiu Z, Wang J, Li Z, Bian J. Discovery of novel glutaminase 1 allosteric inhibitor with 4-piperidinamine linker and aromatic heterocycles. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Nitroreductase Increases Menadione-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0175821. [PMID: 34613761 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01758-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroreductases (NTRs) catalyze the reduction of a wide range of nitro-compounds and quinones using NAD(P)H. Although the physiological functions of these enzymes remain obscure, a tentative function of resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the detoxification of menadione has been proposed. This suggestion is based primarily on the transcriptional or translational induction of an NTR response to menadione rather than on convincing experimental evidence. We investigated the performance of a fungal NTR from Aspergillus nidulans (AnNTR) exposed to menadione to address the question of whether NTR is really an ROS defense enzyme. We confirmed that AnNTR was transcriptionally induced by external menadione. We observed that menadione treatment generated cytotoxic levels of O2•-, which requires well-known antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxiredoxin to protect A. nidulans against menadione-derived ROS stress. However, AnNTR was counterproductive for ROS defense, since knocking out AnNTR decreased the intracellular O2•- levels, resulting in fungal viability higher than that of the wild type. This observation implies that AnNTR may accelerate the generation of O2•- from menadione. Our in vitro experiments indicated that AnNTR uses NADPH to reduce menadione in a single-electron reaction, and the subsequent semiquinone-quinone redox cycling resulted in O2•- generation. We demonstrated that A. nidulans nitroreductase should be an ROS generator, but not an ROS scavenger, in the presence of menadione. Our results clarified the relationship between nitroreductase and menadione-derived ROS stress, which has long been ambiguous. IMPORTANCE Menadione is commonly used as an O2•- generator in studies of oxidative stress responses. However, the precise mechanism through which menadione mediates cellular O2•- generation, as well as the way in which cells respond, remains unclear. Elucidating these events will have important implications for the use of menadione in biological and medical studies. Our results show that the production of Aspergillus nidulans nitroreductase (AnNTR) was induced by menadione. However, the accumulated AnNTR did not protect cells but instead increased the cytotoxic effect of menadione through a single-electron reduction reaction. Our finding that nitroreductase is involved in the menadione-mediated O2•- generation pathway has clarified the relationship between nitroreductase and menadione-derived ROS stress, which has long been ambiguous.
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6
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Ni X, Li X, Shen TL, Qian WJ, Xian M. A Sweet H 2S/H 2O 2 Dual Release System and Specific Protein S-Persulfidation Mediated by Thioglucose/Glucose Oxidase. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13325-13332. [PMID: 34383487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
H2S and H2O2 are two redox regulating molecules that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. While each of them has distinct biosynthetic pathways and signaling mechanisms, the crosstalk between these two species is also known to cause critical biological responses such as protein S-persulfidation. So far, many chemical tools for the studies of H2S and H2O2 have been developed, such as the donors and sensors for H2S and H2O2. However, these tools are normally targeting single species (e.g., only H2S or only H2O2). As such, the crosstalk and synergetic effects between H2S and H2O2 have hardly been studied with those tools. In this work, we report a unique H2S/H2O2 dual donor system by employing 1-thio-β-d-glucose and glucose oxidase (GOx) as the substrates. This enzymatic system can simultaneously produce H2S and H2O2 in a slow and controllable fashion, without generating any bio-unfriendly byproducts. This system was demonstrated to cause efficient S-persulfidation on proteins. In addition, we expanded the system to thiolactose and thioglucose-disulfide; therefore, additional factors (β-galactosidase and cellular reductants) could be introduced to further control the release of H2S/H2O2. This dual release system should be useful for future research on H2S and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tun-Li Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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7
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Dumas A, Knaus UG. Raising the 'Good' Oxidants for Immune Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698042. [PMID: 34149739 PMCID: PMC8213335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox medicine is a new therapeutic concept targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary reaction products for health benefit. The concomitant function of ROS as intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators governing physiological redox signaling, and as damaging radicals instigating or perpetuating various pathophysiological conditions will require selective strategies for therapeutic intervention. In addition, the reactivity and quantity of the oxidant species generated, its source and cellular location in a defined disease context need to be considered to achieve the desired outcome. In inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative damage and tissue injury, ROS source specific inhibitors may provide more benefit than generalized removal of ROS. Contemporary approaches in immunity will also include the preservation or even elevation of certain oxygen metabolites to restore or improve ROS driven physiological functions including more effective redox signaling and cell-microenvironment communication, and to induce mucosal barrier integrity, eubiosis and repair processes. Increasing oxidants by host-directed immunomodulation or by exogenous supplementation seems especially promising for improving host defense. Here, we summarize examples of beneficial ROS in immune homeostasis, infection, and acute inflammatory disease, and address emerging therapeutic strategies for ROS augmentation to induce and strengthen protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Dumas
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Malwal SR, Pardeshi KA, Chakrapani H. Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfite Diesters and their Evaluation as Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Donors. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1201-1205. [PMID: 31709695 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) finds widespread use in the food industry as its hydrated sulfite form, a number of aspects of SO2 biology remain to be completely understood. Of the tools available for intracellular enhancement of SO2 levels, most suffer from poor cell permeability and a lack of control over SO2 release. We report 1,2-cyclic sulfite diesters as a new class of reliable SO2 donors that dissociate in buffer through nucleophilic displacement to produce SO2 with tunable release profiles. We provide data in support of the suitability of these SO2 donors to enhance intracellular SO2 levels more efficiently than sodium bisulfite, the most commonly used SO2 donor for cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish R Malwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kundansingh A Pardeshi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Study on cellulose degradation induced by hydroxyl radical with cellobiose as a model using GC–MS, ReaxFF simulation and DFT computation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Chauhan P, Gupta K, Ravikumar G, Saini DK, Chakrapani H. Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) Donor Induced Protein Persulfidation Protects against Oxidative Stress. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4717-4724. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Kavya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and GeneticsIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Govindan Ravikumar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Deepak K. Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and GeneticsIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
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11
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Sharma AK, Singh H, Chakrapani H. Photocontrolled endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5259-5262. [PMID: 30993280 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A cell-permeable small molecule for light-triggered generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Harshit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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12
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Kelkar DS, Ravikumar G, Mehendale N, Singh S, Joshi A, Sharma AK, Mhetre A, Rajendran A, Chakrapani H, Kamat SS. A chemical-genetic screen identifies ABHD12 as an oxidized-phosphatidylserine lipase. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:169-178. [PMID: 30643283 PMCID: PMC6420073 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are transient, highly reactive intermediates or byproducts produced during oxygen metabolism. However, when innate mechanisms are unable to cope with sequestration of surplus ROS, oxidative stress results, in which excess ROS damage biomolecules. Oxidized phosphatidylserine (PS), a proapoptotic 'eat me' signal, is produced in response to elevated ROS, yet little is known regarding its chemical composition and metabolism. Here, we report a small molecule that generates ROS in different mammalian cells. We used this molecule to detect, characterize and study oxidized PS in mammalian cells. We developed a chemical-genetic screen to identify enzymes that regulate oxidized PS in mammalian cells and found that the lipase ABHD12 hydrolyzes oxidized PS. We validated these findings in different physiological settings including primary peritoneal macrophages and brains from Abhd12-/- mice under inflammatory stress, and in the process, we functionally annotated an enzyme regulating oxidized PS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree S Kelkar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Govindan Ravikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Neelay Mehendale
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Shubham Singh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Alaumy Joshi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Amol Mhetre
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Abinaya Rajendran
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India.
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13
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Wu X, Li X, Li Z, Yu Y, You Q, Zhang X. Discovery of Nonquinone Substrates for NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as Effective Intracellular ROS Generators for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11280-11297. [PMID: 30508483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of oxidative stress preferentially in cancer cells by efficient NQO1 substrates, which promote ROS generation through redox cycling, has emerged as an effective strategy for cancer therapy, even for treating drug-resistant cancers. Here, we described the identification and structural optimization studies of the hit compound 1, a new chemotype of nonquinone substrate for NQO1 as an efficient ROS generator. Further structure-activity relationship studies resulted in the most active compound 20k, a tricyclic 2,3-dicyano indenopyrazinone, which selectively inhibited the proliferation of NQO1-overexpressing A549 and A549/Taxol cancer cells. Furthermore, 20k dramatically elevated the intracellular ROS levels through NQO1-catalyzed redox cycling and induced PARP-1-mediated cell apoptosis in A549/Taxol cells. In addition, 20k significantly suppressed the growth of A549/Taxol xenograft tumors in mice with no apparent toxicity observed in vivo. Together, 20k acts as an efficient NQO1 substrate and may be a new option for the treatment of NQO1-overexpresssing drug-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , China
| | - Zhihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , China
| | - Yancheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 210009 , China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , China
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14
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Bora P, Chauhan P, Manna S, Chakrapani H. A Vinyl-Boronate Ester-Based Persulfide Donor Controllable by Hydrogen Peroxide, a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Org Lett 2018; 20:7916-7920. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suman Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Ke Y, Wang W, Zhao LF, Liang JJ, Liu Y, Zhang X, Feng K, Liu HM. Design, synthesis and biological mechanisms research on 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of Jiyuan Oridonin A. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4761-4773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Bora P, Chauhan P, Pardeshi KA, Chakrapani H. Small molecule generators of biologically reactive sulfur species. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27359-27374. [PMID: 35540007 PMCID: PMC9083908 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur metabolism is integral to cellular growth and survival. The presence of a wide range of oxidation states of sulfur in biology coupled with its unique reactivity are some key features of the biology of this element. In particular, nearly all oxidation states of sulfur not only occur but are also inter-convertible. In order to study the chemical biology of reactive sulfur species, tools to reliably detect as well as generate these species within cells are necessary. Herein, an overview of strategies to generate certain reactive sulfur species is presented. The donors of reactive sulfur species have been organized based on their oxidation states. These interesting small molecules have helped lay a strong foundation to study the biology of reactive sulfur species and some may have therapeutic applications in the future as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Kundansingh A Pardeshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411 008 Maharashtra India
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17
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Kulkarni A, Sharma AK, Chakrapani H. Redox-guided small molecule antimycobacterials. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:826-835. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road; Pune Maharashtra India
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Shukla P, Khodade VS, SharathChandra M, Chauhan P, Mishra S, Siddaramappa S, Pradeep BE, Singh A, Chakrapani H. "On demand" redox buffering by H 2S contributes to antibiotic resistance revealed by a bacteria-specific H 2S donor. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4967-4972. [PMID: 28959420 PMCID: PMC5607856 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00873b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will help launch a counter-offensive against human pathogens that threaten our ability to effectively treat common infections. Herein, we report bis(4-nitrobenzyl)sulfanes, which are activated by a bacterial enzyme to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. We found that H2S helps maintain redox homeostasis and protects bacteria against antibiotic-triggered oxidative stress "on demand", through activation of alternate respiratory oxidases and cellular antioxidants. We discovered, a hitherto unknown role for this gas, that chemical inhibition of H2S biosynthesis reversed antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains of clinical origin, whereas exposure to the H2S donor restored drug tolerance. Together, our study provides a greater insight into the dynamic defence mechanisms of this gas, modes of antibiotic action as well as resistance while progressing towards new pharmacological targets to address AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology , Centre for Infectious Disease and Research , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 5600012 , Karnataka , India .
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , New Delhi , India
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India .
| | - Mallojjala SharathChandra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India .
| | - Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India .
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology , Centre for Infectious Disease and Research , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 5600012 , Karnataka , India .
| | | | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology , Centre for Infectious Disease and Research , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 5600012 , Karnataka , India .
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India .
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Dharmaraja AT. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Therapeutics and Drug Resistance in Cancer and Bacteria. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3221-3240. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allimuthu T. Dharmaraja
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer
Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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20
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Gopinath P, Mahammed A, Ohayon S, Gross Z, Brik A. Understanding and predicting the potency of ROS-based enzyme inhibitors, exemplified by naphthoquinones and ubiquitin specific protease-2. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7079-7086. [PMID: 28451143 PMCID: PMC5355956 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02758j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that selective targeting of overexpressed enzymes in cancer cells by small molecules that induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be a viable approach in cancer therapy. One such example is the inactivation of ubiquitin specific protease-2 (USP2)-an emerging drug target to combat prostate cancer-by β-lapachone, which has been identified to involve oxidation of the catalytic cysteine's thiol residue to sulfinic acid. A rational design of β-lapachone analogs with improved activity requires a much better understanding of the variables that determine ROS production by this class of molecules. This crucial aspect was addressed via modulation of its 1,2-naphthoquinone scaffold and establishment of a structure/activity relationship, regarding its ability to reduce molecular oxygen to a ROS. The same series of compounds was also examined in terms of their inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of USP2. One deduction from these investigations was that the ortho-quinone motif in β-lapachone is much better suited for the catalytic reduction of oxygen than the para-quinone motif and some approved quinone based drugs. A broader conclusion, obtained from the series of compounds with ortho-quinone motifs, is that only the agents whose redox potential is in the narrow range of -0.3 ± 0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl in pH 7.5 aqueous buffer) induce the formation of ROS. The excellent correlation between the ROS production ability and the USP2 inhibition potency emphasizes that the relatively easy, fast, and reliable testing of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by small molecules might be applied to screening and evaluating new drug candidates for similar targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , 3200008 , Israel . ;
| | - Atif Mahammed
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , 3200008 , Israel . ;
| | - Shimrit Ohayon
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , 3200008 , Israel . ;
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , 3200008 , Israel . ;
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , 3200008 , Israel . ;
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Genov M, Kreiseder B, Nagl M, Drucker E, Wiederstein M, Muellauer B, Krebs J, Grohmann T, Pretsch D, Baumann K, Bacher M, Pretsch A, Wiesner C. Tetrahydroanthraquinone Derivative (±)-4-Deoxyaustrocortilutein Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells via Upregulation of p21 and p53 and Downregulation of NF-kappaB. J Cancer 2016; 7:555-68. [PMID: 27053954 PMCID: PMC4820732 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer with high risk for metastasis and chemoresistance. Disruption of tightly regulated processes such as cell cycle, cell adhesion, cell differentiation and cell death are predominant in melanoma development. So far, conventional treatment options have been insufficient to treat metastatic melanoma and survival rates are poor. Anthraquinone compounds have been reported to have anti-tumorigenic potential by DNA-interaction, promotion of apoptosis and suppression of proliferation in various cancer cells. METHODS In the current study, the racemic tetrahydroanthraquinone derivative (±)-4-deoxyaustrocortilutein (4-DACL) was synthesized and the cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells and melanoma spheroids determined by CellTiter-Blue viability Assay and phase contrast microscopy. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined with CellROX Green and Deep Red Reagent kit and microplate-based fluorometry. Luciferase reporter gene assays for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p53 activities and western blotting analysis were carried out to detect the expression of anti-proliferative or pro-apoptotic (p53, p21, p27, MDM2, and GADD45M) and anti-apoptotic (p65, IκB-α, IKK) proteins. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry, the morphological changes visualized by fluorescence microscopy and the activation of different caspase cascades distinguished by Caspase Glo 3/7, 8 and 9 Assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that 4-DACL displayed high activity against different malignant melanoma cells and melanoma spheroids and only low toxicity to melanocytes and other primary cells. In particular, 4-DACL treatment induced mitochondrial ROS, reduced NF-κB signaling activity and increased up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitors cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21(WAF1/Cip1)) and the tumor suppressor protein p53 in a dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied by decreased cell proliferation and apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. CONCLUSION According to these results, we suggest that 4-DACL may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Genov
- 1. SeaLife Pharma GmbH, Technopark 1, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Michael Nagl
- 1. SeaLife Pharma GmbH, Technopark 1, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Julia Krebs
- 1. SeaLife Pharma GmbH, Technopark 1, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Pretsch
- 1. SeaLife Pharma GmbH, Technopark 1, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Karl Baumann
- 1. SeaLife Pharma GmbH, Technopark 1, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- 2. Division of Chemistry of Renewables, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
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Abstract
Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Lavado AS, Chauhan VM, Zen AA, Giuntini F, Jones DRE, Boyle RW, Beeby A, Chan WC, Aylott JW. Controlled intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in human mesenchymal stem cells using porphyrin conjugated nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14525-14531. [PMID: 26259822 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00795j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles capable of generating controlled amounts of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), that advance the study of oxidative stress and cellular communication, were synthesized by functionalizing polyacrylamide nanoparticles with zinc(II) porphyrin photosensitisers. Controlled ROS production was demonstrated in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) through (1) production of nanoparticles functionalized with varying percentages of Zn(II) porphyrin and (2) modulating the number of doses of excitation light to internalized nanoparticles. hMSCs challenged with nanoparticles functionalized with increasing percentages of Zn(II) porphyrin and high numbers of irradiations of excitation light were found to generate greater amounts of ROS. A novel dye, which is transformed into fluorescent 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, provided an indirect indicator for cumulative ROS production. The mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored to investigate the destructive effect of increased intracellular ROS production. Flow cytometric analysis of nanoparticle treated hMSCs suggested irradiation with excitation light signalled controlled apoptotic cell death, rather than uncontrolled necrotic cell death. Increased intracellular ROS production did not induce phenotypic changes in hMSC subcultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Lavado
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Malwal SR, Labade A, Andhalkar AS, Sengupta K, Chakrapani H. A highly selective sulfinate ester probe for thiol bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11533-5. [PMID: 25133745 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe here hitherto unexplored chemistry of the sulfinate ester functional group as being highly selective towards nucleophilic substitution by thiols at physiological pH. Using this cleavable trigger, an optical thiol probe that is suitable for thiol bioimaging has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish R Malwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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Pardeshi KA, Malwal SR, Banerjee A, Lahiri S, Rangarajan R, Chakrapani H. Thiol activated prodrugs of sulfur dioxide (SO2) as MRSA inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2694-7. [PMID: 25981687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistant infections are becoming common worldwide and new strategies for drug development are necessary. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfonamides, which are donors of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a reactive sulfur species, as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibitors. N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dinitro-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (5e) was found to have excellent in vitro MRSA inhibitory potency. This compound is cell permeable and treatment of MRSA cells with 5e depleted intracellular thiols and enhanced oxidative species both results consistent with a mechanism involving thiol activation to produce SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundansingh A Pardeshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Banerjee
- Vitas Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Surobhi Lahiri
- Vitas Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Radha Rangarajan
- Vitas Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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26
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Dharmaraja AT, Jain C, Chakrapani H. Substituent Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation by Hydroquinones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9413-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501796z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allimuthu T. Dharmaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Khodade VS, Sharath Chandra M, Banerjee A, Lahiri S, Pulipeta M, Rangarajan R, Chakrapani H. Bioreductively Activated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generators as MRSA Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:777-81. [PMID: 25050164 DOI: 10.1021/ml5001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of cases of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is on the rise globally and new strategies to identify drug candidates with novel mechanisms of action are in urgent need. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of benzo[b]phenanthridine-5,7,12(6H)-triones, which were designed based on redox-active natural products. We find that the in vitro inhibitory activity of 6-(prop-2-ynyl)benzo[b]phenanthridine-5,7,12(6H)-trione (1f) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), including a panel of patient-derived strains, is comparable or better than vancomycin. We show that the lead compound generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, contributing to its antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak S. Khodade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 Maharashtra, India
| | - Mallojjala Sharath Chandra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Banerjee
- Vitas
Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Surobhi Lahiri
- Vitas
Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Pulipeta
- Vitas
Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Radha Rangarajan
- Vitas
Pharma Research Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008 Maharashtra, India
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Dharmaraja AT, Ravikumar G, Chakrapani H. Arylboronate Ester Based Diazeniumdiolates (BORO/NO), a Class of Hydrogen Peroxide Inducible Nitric Oxide (NO) Donors. Org Lett 2014; 16:2610-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5010643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allimuthu T. Dharmaraja
- Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Govindan Ravikumar
- Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
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