1
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Mori T, Sumida S, Sakata K, Shirakawa S. Efficient synthetic methods for α,β-dehydroamino acids as useful and environmentally benign building blocks in biological and materials science. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4625-4636. [PMID: 38804977 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Both natural and unnatural amino acids, peptides, and proteins are widely recognized as green and sustainable organic chemicals, not only in the field of biological sciences but also in materials science. It has been discovered that artificially designed unnatural peptides and proteins exhibit advanced properties in medical and materials science. In this context, the development of precise chemical modification methods for amino acids and peptides is acknowledged as an important research project in the field of organic synthesis. While a wide variety of modification methods for amino acid residues have been developed to artificially modify peptides and proteins, the representative methods for modifying amino acid residues have traditionally relied on the nucleophilic properties of the functionalities on the residues. In this context, the development of different modification methods using an umpolung-like approach by utilizing the electrophilic nature of amino acid derivatives appears to be very attractive. One of the promising electrophilic amino acid compounds for realizing important modification methods of amino acid derivatives is α,β-dehydroamino acids, which possess an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure. This review article summarizes methods for the preparation of α,β-dehydroamino acids derived from natural and unnatural amino acid derivatives. The utilities of α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives, including peptides and proteins containing dehydroalanine units, in bioconjugations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Sao Sumida
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Sakata
- Spiber Inc., 234-1 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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2
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Xia Q, Meng X, Wang Y, Yuan R, Li P, Liu L, Li YM. A cell-permeable Ub-Dha probe for profiling E1-E2-E3 enzymes in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4342-4345. [PMID: 38545842 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Activity-based ubiquitin probes (Ub-ABPs) have recently been developed as effective tools for studying the capabilities of E1-E2-E3 enzymes, but most of them can only be used in cell lysates. Here, we report the first cell-penetrating Ub-Dha probes based on thiazolidine-protected cysteines, which enable successful delivery into cells confirmed by a fluorophore at the N-terminus of Ub and live-cell fluorescence microscopy. A total of 18 E1-E2-E3 enzymes in live cells were labelled and enriched in combination with label-free quantification (LFQ) mass spectrometry. This work provided a new cell-penetrating Ub tool for studying the activity and function of Ub-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Xianbin Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Rujing Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Pincheng Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Liwen Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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3
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Negron Teron KI, Das C. Cocrystallization of ubiquitin-deubiquitinase complexes through disulfide linkage. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:1044-1055. [PMID: 37877948 PMCID: PMC10619426 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323008501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural characterization of the recognition of ubiquitin (Ub) by deubiquitinases (DUBs) has largely relied on covalent complexation of the DUB through its catalytic cysteine with a Ub C-terminal electrophile. The Ub electrophiles are accessed through intein chemistry in conjunction with chemical synthesis. Here, it was asked whether DUB-Ub covalent complexes could instead be accessed by simpler disulfide chemistry using a Ub cysteine mutant in which the last glycine has been replaced with a cysteine. The Ub cysteine mutant displayed a wide variability in disulfide formation across a panel of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DUBs, with some showing no detectable reaction while others robustly produced a disulfide complex. Using this approach, two disulfide-linked ubiquitin-bound complexes were crystallized, one involving the Legionella pneumophila effector SdeA DUB and the other involving the Orientia effector OtDUB. These DUBs had previously been crystallized in Ub-bound forms using the C-terminal electrophile strategy and noncovalent complexation, respectively. While the disulfide-linked SdeA DUB-Ub complex crystallized as expected, in the OtDUB complex the disulfide bond to the Ub mutant involved a cysteine that differed from the catalytic cysteine. Disulfide formation with the SdeA DUB catalytic cysteine was accompanied by local distortion of the helix carrying the active-site cysteine, whereas OtDUB reacted with the Ub mutant using a surface-exposed cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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4
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Currie MF, Singh SK, Ji M, Chatterjee C. The semisynthesis of site-specifically modified histones and histone-based probes of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Methods 2023; 215:28-37. [PMID: 37244506 PMCID: PMC10364803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) on lysine residues, including methylation, ubiquitylation, and sumoylation, have been studied using semisynthetic histones reconstituted into nucleosomes. These studies have revealed the in vitro effects of histone PTMs on chromatin structure, gene transcription, and biochemical crosstalk. However, the dynamic and transient nature of most enzyme-chromatin interactions poses a challenge toward identifying specific enzyme-substrate interactions. To address this, we report methodology for the synthesis of two ubiquitylated activity-based probe histones, H2BK120ub(G76C) and H2BK120ub(G76Dha), that may be used to trap enzyme active-site cysteines as disulfides or in the form of thioether linkages, respectively. The general synthetic method we report for converting ubiquitylated nucleosomes into activity-based probes may also be applied to other histone sites of ubiquitylation in order to facilitate the identification of enzyme-chromatin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline F Currie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Sumeet K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Meihuan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Champak Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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5
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Hua X, Guo Y, Wang Y, Chu GC, Li P, Shi J. Acyl azide modification of the ubiquitin C-terminus enables DUB capture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1333-1336. [PMID: 36645155 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) abnormalities are associated with many diseases. Previous attempts have been made to introduce various chemical groups such as alkynes, unsaturated olefins and alkyl halides to the C-terminus of ubiquitin (Ub) to capture the active-site cysteine residue in DUBs for structural and biochemical studies. Here, we find that a Ub C-terminal acyl azide can capture DUBs, thereby forming thioester bonds in buffers and cell lysates. This finding not only makes ubiquitin acyl azide a chemical probe for capturing DUBs, but also extends the utility of azide groups in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guo-Chao Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pincheng Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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6
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Farnung J, Tolmachova KA, Bode JW. Installation of electrophiles onto the C-terminus of recombinant ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. Chem Sci 2022; 14:121-129. [PMID: 36605735 PMCID: PMC9769091 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin and related ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) influence a variety of cellular pathways including protein degradation and response to viral infections. The chemical interrogation of these complex enzymatic cascades relies on the use of tailored activity-based probes (ABPs). Herein, we report the preparation of ABPs for ubiquitin, NEDD8, SUMO2 and ISG15 by selective acyl hydrazide modification. Acyl hydrazides of Ubls are readily accessible by direct hydrazinolysis of Ubl-intein fusions. The suppressed pK a and superior nucleophilicity of the acyl hydrazides enables their selective modification at acidic pH with carboxylic acid anhydrides. The modification proceeds rapidly and efficiently, and does not require chromatographic purification or refolding of the probes. We modified Ubl-NHNH2 with various thiol-reactive electrophiles that couple selectively with E2s and DUBs. The ease of modification enables the rapid generation and screening of ubiquitin probes with various C-terminal truncations and warheads for the selection of the most suitable combination for a given E2 or DUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Farnung
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZürichZürich 8093Switzerland
| | - Kateryna A. Tolmachova
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZürichZürich 8093Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH ZürichZürich 8093Switzerland
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7
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Huppelschoten Y, van der Heden van Noort GJ. State of the art in (semi-)synthesis of Ubiquitin- and Ubiquitin-like tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:74-85. [PMID: 34961664 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification in regulating many fundamental cellular processes and dysregulation of these processes can give rise to a vast array of diseases. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination hence is an important area in current ubiquitin research with as aim to understand this enigmatic process. The complexity of ubiquitin (Ub) signaling arises from the large variety of Ub conjugates, where Ub is attached to other Ub proteins, Ub-like proteins, and protein substrates. The chemical preparation of such Ub conjugates in high homogeneity and in adequate amounts contributes greatly to the deciphering of Ub signaling. The strength of these chemically synthesized conjugates lies in the chemo-selectivity in which they can be created that are sometimes difficult to obtain using biochemical methodology. In this review, we will discuss the progress in the chemical protein synthesis of state-of-the-art Ub and Ub-like chemical probes, their unique concepts and related discoveries in the ubiquitin field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Huppelschoten
- Oncode Institute and Dept. Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv, Denmark
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8
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Proteins through the eyes of an organic chemist. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Lu L, Zhai X, Li X, Wang S, Zhang L, Wang L, Jin X, Liang L, Deng Z, Li Z, Wang Y, Fu X, Hu H, Wang J, Mei Z, He Z, Wang F. Met1-specific motifs conserved in OTUB subfamily of green plants enable rice OTUB1 to hydrolyse Met1 ubiquitin chains. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4672. [PMID: 35945250 PMCID: PMC9363410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear (Met1-linked) ubiquitination is involved inflammatory and innate immune signaling. Previous studies have characterized enzymes regulating the addition and removal of this modification in mammalian systems. However, only a few plant-derived deubiquitinases targeting Met1-linked ubiquitin chains have been reported and their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, using a dehydroalanine-bearing Met1-diubiquitin suicide probe, we discover OTUB1 from Oryza sativa (OsOTUB1) as a Met1-linked ubiquitin chain-targeting deubiquitinase. By solving crystal structures of apo OsOTUB1 and an OsOTUB1/Met1-diubiquitin complex, we find that Met1 activity is conferred by Met1-specific motifs in the S1’ pocket of OsOTUB1. Large-scale sequence alignments and hydrolysis experiments provide evidence that these motifs are a general determinant of Met1 activity in the OTUB subfamily across species. Analysis of the species distribution of OTUBs capable of hydrolysing Met1-linked ubiquitin chains shows that this activity is conserved in green plants (Viridiplantae) and does not exist in metazoans, providing insights into the evolutionary differentiation between primitive plants and animals. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) targeting Met1-linked ubiquitin chains have important functions in mammals but are barely studied in plants. Here, the authors identify rice OTUB1 as a Met1-targeting DUB, characterize the structural determinants of this activity, and show that these features are conserved in green plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics (Shenzhen), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Xiaoguo Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Shuansuo Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, PR China.,The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Luyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Xi Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Lujun Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics (Shenzhen), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Deng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics (Shenzhen), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Zichen Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics (Shenzhen), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Honggang Hu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics (Shenzhen), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Ziqing Mei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhengguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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10
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Wang Y, Chen J, Hua X, Meng X, Cai H, Wang R, Shi J, Deng H, Liu L, Li Y. Photocaging of Activity‐Based Ubiquitin Probes via a C‐Terminal Backbone Modification Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203792. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Xiao Hua
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Rongtian Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yi‐Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
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11
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Wang Y, Chen J, Hua X, Meng X, Cai H, Wang R, Shi J, Deng H, Liu L, Li Y. Photocaging of Activity‐Based Ubiquitin Probes via a C‐Terminal Backbone Modification Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Xiao Hua
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Rongtian Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yi‐Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-process Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
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12
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Zhou H, Carpenter T, Fu X, Jin B, Ody B, Hassan MS, Jacobs SE, Cheung J, Nicholson EM, Turlington M, Zhao B, Lorenz S, Cropp TA, Yin J. Linkage-Specific Synthesis of Di-ubiquitin Probes Enabled by the Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acid ThzK. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200133. [PMID: 35263494 PMCID: PMC9129888 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Di-ubiquitin (diUB) conjugates of defined linkages are useful tools for probing the functions of UB ligases, UB-binding proteins and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in coding, decoding and editing the signals carried by the UB chains. Here we developed an efficient method for linkage-specific synthesis of diUB probes based on the incorporation of the unnatural amino acid (UAA) Nϵ -L-thiaprolyl-L-Lys (L-ThzK) into UB for ligation with another UB at a defined Lys position. The diUB formed by the UAA-mediated ligation reaction has a G76C mutation on the side of donor UB for conjugation with E2 and E3 enzymes or undergoing dethiolation to generate a covalent trap for DUBs. The development of UAA mutagenesis for diUB synthesis provides an easy route for preparing linkage-specific UB-based probes to decipher the biological signals mediated by protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tomaya Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Britton Ody
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohammad Sazid Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Savannah E Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jenny Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Eve M Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Mark Turlington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Ashton Cropp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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13
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Immel JR, Chilamari M, Bloom S. Combining flavin photocatalysis with parallel synthesis: a general platform to optimize peptides with non-proteinogenic amino acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10083-10091. [PMID: 34377401 PMCID: PMC8317666 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most peptide drugs contain non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), born out through extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Synthetically laborious and expensive to manufacture, NPAAs also can have poor coupling efficiencies allowing only a small fraction to be sampled by conventional SPPS. To gain general access to NPAA-containing peptides, we developed a first-generation platform that merges contemporary flavin photocatalysis with parallel synthesis to simultaneously make, purify, quantify, and even test up to 96 single-NPAA peptide variants via the unique combination of boronic acids and a dehydroalanine residue in a peptide. We showcase the power of our newly minted platform to introduce NPAAs of diverse chemotypes-aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic-directly into peptides, including 15 entirely new residues, and to evolve a simple proteinogenic peptide into an unnatural inhibitor of thrombin by non-classical peptide SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas Integrated Science Building Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Maheshwerreddy Chilamari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas Integrated Science Building Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas Integrated Science Building Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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14
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Qiao Y, Yu G, Leeuwon SZ, Liu WR. Site-Specific Conversion of Cysteine in a Protein to Dehydroalanine Using 2-Nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic Acid. Molecules 2021; 26:2619. [PMID: 33947165 PMCID: PMC8125731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroalanine exists natively in certain proteins and can also be chemically made from the protein cysteine. As a strong Michael acceptor, dehydroalanine in proteins has been explored to undergo reactions with different thiolate reagents for making close analogues of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including a variety of lysine PTMs. The chemical reagent 2-nitro-5-thiocyanatobenzoic acid (NTCB) selectively modifies cysteine to form S-cyano-cysteine, in which the S-Cβ bond is highly polarized. We explored the labile nature of this bond for triggering E2 elimination to generate dehydroalanine. Our results indicated that when cysteine is at the flexible C-terminal end of a protein, the dehydroalanine formation is highly effective. We produced ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins with a C-terminal dehydroalanine residue with high yields. When cysteine is located at an internal region of a protein, the efficiency of the reaction varies with mainly hydrolysis products observed. Dehydroalanine in proteins such as ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins can serve as probes for studying pathways involving ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins and it is also a starting point to generate proteins with many PTM analogues; therefore, we believe that this NTCB-triggered dehydroalanine formation method will find broad applications in studying ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein pathways and the functional annotation of many PTMs in proteins such as histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qiao
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (G.Y.); (S.Z.L.)
| | - Ge Yu
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (G.Y.); (S.Z.L.)
| | - Sunshine Z. Leeuwon
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (G.Y.); (S.Z.L.)
| | - Wenshe Ray Liu
- The Texas A&M Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.Q.); (G.Y.); (S.Z.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Molecular & Cellular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Tools for the discovery of biopolymer producing cysteine relays. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:247-258. [PMID: 33927786 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine relays, where a protein or small molecule is transferred multiple times via transthiolation, are central to the production of biological polymers. Enzymes that utilise relay mechanisms display broad substrate specificity and are readily engineered to produce new polymers. In this review, I discuss recent advances in the discovery, engineering and biophysical characterisation of cysteine relays. I will focus on eukaryotic ubiquitin (Ub) cascades and prokaryotic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis. These evolutionarily distinct processes employ similar chemistry and are readily modified for biotechnological applications. Both processes have been studied intensively for decades, yet recent studies suggest we do not fully understand their mechanistic diversity or plasticity. I will discuss the important role that activity-based probes (ABPs) and other chemical tools have had in identifying and delineating Ub cysteine-relays and the potential for ABPs to be applied to PHA synthases. Finally, I will offer a personal perspective on the potential of engineering cysteine-relays for non-native polymer production.
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16
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Boto A, González CC, Hernández D, Romero-Estudillo I, Saavedra CJ. Site-selective modification of peptide backbones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exciting developments in the site-selective modification of peptide backbones are allowing an outstanding fine-tuning of peptide conformation, folding ability, and physico-chemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Boto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Concepción C. González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Dácil Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Iván Romero-Estudillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
- Catedrático CONACYT-CIQ-UAEM, Mexico
| | - Carlos J. Saavedra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Programa Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
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17
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Vamisetti GB, Satish G, Sulkshane P, Mann G, Glickman MH, Brik A. On-Demand Detachment of Succinimides on Cysteine to Facilitate (Semi)Synthesis of Challenging Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19558-19569. [PMID: 33136379 PMCID: PMC7705887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
maleimide group is a widely used reagent for bioconjugation
of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides employing Michael addition
and Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions. However, the utility
of this functionality in chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins
remains unexplored. We report, for the first time that PdII complexes can mediate the efficient removal of various succinimide
derivatives in aqueous conditions. Succinimide removal by PdII was applied for the synthesis of two ubiquitin activity-based probes
(Ub-ABPs) employing solid phase chemical ligation (SPCL). SPCL was
achieved through a sequential three segment ligation on a polymer
support via a maleimide anchor. The obtained probes successfully formed
the expected covalent complexes with deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)
USP2 and USP7, highlighting the use of our new method for efficient
preparation of unique synthetic proteins. Importantly, we demonstrate
the advantages of our newly developed method for the protection and
deprotection of native cysteine with a succinimide group in a peptide
fragment derived from thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) obtained via intein based
expression to enable ligation/desulfurization and subsequent disulfide
bond formation in a one-pot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga B Vamisetti
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Gandhesiri Satish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Prasad Sulkshane
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Guy Mann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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18
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Sui X, Wang Y, Du YX, Liang LJ, Zheng Q, Li YM, Liu L. Development and application of ubiquitin-based chemical probes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12633-12646. [PMID: 34123237 PMCID: PMC8163311 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination regulates almost every process in eukaryotic cells. The study of the many enzymes involved in the ubiquitination system and the development of ubiquitination-associated therapeutics are important areas of current research. Synthetic tools such as ubiquitin-based chemical probes have been making an increasing contribution to deciphering various biochemical components involved in ubiquitin conjugation, recruitment, signaling, and deconjugation. In the present minireview, we summarize the progress of ubiquitin-based chemical probes with an emphasis on their various structures and chemical synthesis. We discuss the utility of the ubiquitin-based chemical probes for discovering and profiling ubiquitin-dependent signaling systems, as well as the monitoring and visualization of ubiquitin-related enzymatic machinery. We also show how the probes can serve to elucidate the molecular mechanism of recognition and catalysis. Collectively, the development and application of ubiquitin-based chemical probes emphasizes the importance and utility of chemical protein synthesis in modern chemical biology. This article reviews the design, synthesis, and application of different classes of Ub-based chemical probes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Yun-Xiang Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lu-Jun Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qingyun Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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19
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Hua X, Chu GC, Li YM. The Ubiquitin Enigma: Progress in the Detection and Chemical Synthesis of Branched Ubiquitin Chains. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3313-3318. [PMID: 32621561 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin chains with distinct topologies play essential roles in eukaryotic cells. Recently, it was discovered that multiple ubiquitin units can be ligated to more than one lysine residue in the same ubiquitin to form diverse branched ubiquitin chains. Although there is increasing evidence implicating these branched chains in a plethora of biological functions, few mechanistic details have been elucidated. This concept article introduces the function, detection and chemical synthesis of branched ubiquitin chains; and offers some future perspective for this exciting new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hua
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Chao Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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20
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Baumann AL, Schwagerus S, Broi K, Kemnitz-Hassanin K, Stieger CE, Trieloff N, Schmieder P, Hackenberger CPR. Chemically Induced Vinylphosphonothiolate Electrophiles for Thiol–Thiol Bioconjugations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9544-9552. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Baumann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergej Schwagerus
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Broi
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Kemnitz-Hassanin
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian E. Stieger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Trieloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Zhao B, Tsai YC, Jin B, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhou H, Carpenter T, Weissman AM, Yin J. Protein Engineering in the Ubiquitin System: Tools for Discovery and Beyond. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:380-413. [PMID: 32107274 PMCID: PMC7047443 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (UB) transfer cascades consisting of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes constitute a complex network that regulates a myriad of biologic processes by modifying protein substrates. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse UB modifications or trim UB chains of diverse linkages. Additionally, many cellular proteins carry UB-binding domains (UBDs) that translate the signals encoded in UB chains to target proteins for degradation by proteasomes or in autophagosomes, as well as affect nonproteolytic outcomes such as kinase activation, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Dysregulation of the UB transfer pathways and malfunctions of DUBs and UBDs play causative roles in the development of many diseases. A greater understanding of the mechanism of UB chain assembly and the signals encoded in UB chains should aid in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and guide the development of novel therapeutics. The recent flourish of protein-engineering approaches such as unnatural amino acid incorporation, protein semisynthesis by expressed protein ligation, and high throughput selection by phage and yeast cell surface display has generated designer proteins as powerful tools to interrogate cell signaling mediated by protein ubiquitination. In this study, we highlight recent achievements of protein engineering on mapping, probing, and manipulating UB transfer in the cell. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin alters the fate and function of proteins in diverse ways. Protein engineering is fundamentally transforming research in this area, providing new mechanistic insights and allowing for the exploration of concepts that can potentially be applied to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Yien Che Tsai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Bo Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Bufan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Han Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Tomaya Carpenter
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Allan M Weissman
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Jun Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
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22
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Galarini R, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Single‐Step Synthesis of Dehydroalanine Derivatives via a Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione MetodiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” Via G. Salvemini 1 06126 Perugia, PG Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
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23
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Taylor NC, Hessman G, Kramer HB, McGouran JF. Probing enzymatic activity - a radical approach. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2967-2972. [PMID: 34122797 PMCID: PMC8157568 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are known to have numerous important interactions with the ubiquitin cascade and their dysregulation is associated with several diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. They are an important class of enzyme, and activity-based probes have been developed as an effective strategy to study them. Existing activity-based probes that target the active site of these enzymes work via nucleophilic mechanisms. We present the development of latent ubiquitin-based probes that target DUBs via a site selective, photoinitiated radical mechanism. This approach differs from existing photocrosslinking probes as it requires a free active site cysteine. In contrast to existing cysteine reactive probes, control over the timing of the enzyme-probe reaction is possible as the alkene warhead is completely inert under ambient conditions, even upon probe binding. The probe's reactivity has been demonstrated against recombinant DUBs and to capture endogenous DUB activity in cell lysate. This allows more finely resolved investigations of DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Taylor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Gary Hessman
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Holger B Kramer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PT UK
| | - Joanna F McGouran
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
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24
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Taylor NC, McGouran JF. Strategies to Target Specific Components of the Ubiquitin Conjugation/Deconjugation Machinery. Front Chem 2020; 7:914. [PMID: 31998698 PMCID: PMC6966607 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of ubiquitination status in the cell is controlled by ubiquitin ligases acting in tandem with deubiquitinating enzymes. Ubiquitination controls many key processes in the cell from division to death making its tight regulation key to optimal cell function. Activity based protein profiling has emerged as a powerful technique to study these important enzymes. With around 100 deubiquitinating enzymes and 600 ubiquitin ligases in the human genome targeting a subclass of these enzymes or even a single enzyme is a compelling strategy to unpick this complex system. In this review we will discuss different approaches adopted, including activity-based probes centered around ubiquitin-protein, ubiquitin-peptide and mutated ubiquitin scaffolds. We examine challenges faced and opportunities presented to increase specificity in activity-based protein profiling of the ubiquitin conjugation/deconjugation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Taylor
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanna F McGouran
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Sui X, Li YM. Development of Ubiquitin Tools for Studies of Complex Ubiquitin Processing Protein Machines. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191113161511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Ubiquitination is one of the most extensive post-translational modifications in
eukaryotes and is involved in various physiological processes such as protein degradation,
autophagy, protein interaction, and protein localization. The ubiquitin (Ub)-related protein
machines include Ub-activating enzymes (E1s), Ub-conjugating enzymes (E2s), Ub ligases
(E3s), deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), p97, and the proteasomes. In recent years,
the role of DUBs has been extensively studied and relatively well understood. On the
other hand, the functional mechanisms of the other more complex ubiquitin-processing
protein machines (e.g., E3, p97, and proteasomes) are still to be sufficiently well explored
due to their intricate nature. One of the hurdles facing the studies of these complex protein
machines is the challenge of developing tailor-designed structurally defined model substrates,
which unfortunately cannot be directly obtained using recombinant technology. Consequently, the acquisition
and synthesis of the ubiquitin tool molecules are essential for the elucidation of the functions and
structures of the complex ubiquitin-processing protein machines. This paper aims to highlight recent studies on
these protein machines based on the synthetic ubiquitin tool molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Gui W, Paudel P, Zhuang Z. Activity-Based Ubiquitin Probes for Investigation of Deubiquitinases. COMPREHENSIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS III 2020. [PMCID: PMC7157470 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.14672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is emerging as an important post-translational modification (PTM) for numerous cellular functions including protein degradation, DNA damage repair and tolerance, and cell cycle progression. Compared with other small-molecule modifiers found in phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, ubiquitin is a small protein modifier that exists as either a single ubiquitin or a polyubiquitin chain. Furthermore, the polyubiquitin chains are formed via various linkages imparting an additional layer of specificity in cellular signaling. In order to adequately study ubiquitin signaling and particularly deubiquitination, a number of ubiquitin activity-based probes (ABPs) were developed and utilized in understanding the deubiquitinase (DUBs) function. Here, we focus on the current state of the DUB ABP development and their application in understanding DUB function and specificity for polyubiquitin chains and ubiquitinated proteins.
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Abstract
Chemical protein synthesis has been proved as an efficient way to afford medium-sized proteins with high homogeneity in workable quantities for various biochemical, structural, and functional studies. In particular, chemical protein synthesis has enabled access to proteins that are difficult or impossible to prepare by molecular biology approaches, such as those with post-translational modifications and mirror-image proteins. One prominent example is related to ubiquitination, a well-known modification that mediates a variety of cellular processes (e.g., proteasomal degradation). Ubiquitination is considered as a modification that is difficult to introduce into proteins in a test tube to generate ubiquitin (Ub) conjugates with high homogeneity with respect to the chain length and the anchored Lys residue in workable quantities to perform the biochemical and biophysical studies. Chemical protein synthesis has emerged as a powerful approach to prepare Ub conjugates for studies aiming to understand ubiquitination in great detail and decipher its roles in cell processes. Nevertheless, in order to answer more challenging questions in this field, it has been clear that researchers must also prepare Ub conjugates with increased size and complexity. Employing solid-phase peptide synthesis and chemoselective ligation, chemical protein synthesis offers a powerful way to furnish polypeptides composed of 100-200 residues. However, to synthesize larger proteins such as Ub conjugates, longer and more segments are required. This on the other hand leads to difficulties related to solubility, purification, ligation, and late-stage modifications. These challenges have encouraged us to explore more practical synthetic tools to facilitate the synthesis of complex Ub conjugates. In this Account, we summarize the synthetic tools that we have developed to achieve these goals. These include (1) δ-mercaptolysine-mediated isopeptide chemical ligation, (2) chemical synthesis of Ub building blocks, (3) palladium-mediated deprotection of key side chains during protein synthesis, (4) one-pot ligation and desulfurization, and (5) improving the solubility of peptide segments. The developed chemical toolbox has been a key for our successes in the synthesis of diverse and complex Ub conjugates. In this Account, we describe our approaches for generating various Ub conjugates, including (1) the K48 tetra-Ub chain composed of 304 amino acids, (2) the ubiquitinated histones and their analogues made of >200 amino acids, (3) the di-Ub-SUMO-2 hybrid chain composed of 245 amino acids, and (4) the 53 kDa tetra-Ub-α-globin composed of 472 amino acids, which represents the largest protein composed of natural amino acids ever made using chemical protein synthesis. The last target, Flag-Ub-Ub-Ub-Myc-Ub-(HA-α-globin), was prepared in the labeled form where the proximal Ub and distal Ub in the chain were labeled with Myc and Flag tags, respectively, while the α-globin was labeled with the HA tag. Applying the tetra-Ub-α-globin in proteasomal degradation studies assisted us to shed light on the proteolytic signal and the fates of the Ub moieties in the chains. Although these developments have contributed to the synthesis of interesting and challenging targets related to Ub signaling, several other targets may enforce new synthetic challenges. Hence, there is still a need to optimize the current synthetic tools and explore novel synthetic approaches to facilitate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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28
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Fan J, Ye Y, Chu G, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Li YM, Shi J. Semisynthesis of Ubiquitin and SUMO-Rhodamine 110-Glycine through Aminolysis of Boc-Protected Thioester Counterparts. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14861-14867. [PMID: 31642325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub)-based fluorescent reagents are crucial to explore the activity of deubiquitinases (DUBs). Ub-Rho110-G is one of the preferred tools, whereas the current synthetic route is time-consuming. Here, we report a new semisynthetic strategy to produce Ub-Rho110-G through direct aminolysis of Boc-protected Ub-Mesna using bisglycyl-rhodamine 110. We also applied this strategy to synthesize active SUMO2-Rho110-G for the first time. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that semisynthetic Ub or SUMO-Rho110-G can be effectively used for the detection of the activity of DUBs or SUMO-specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yinshan Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230009 , China
| | - Guochao Chu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui 230009 , China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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29
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Abstract
Active-site directed probes are powerful tools for studying the ubiquitin conjugation and deconjugation machinery. Branched ubiquitin chains have emerged as important proteasome-targeting signals for aggregation-prone proteins and cell cycle regulators. By implementing a new synthetic strategy for the electrophilic warhead, we herein report on the generation and reactivity of a series of branched triubiquitin active-site directed probes. These new tools can be used to dissect the molecular basis of branched chain assembly and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kirandeep K. Deol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eric R. Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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30
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Xu L, Fan J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Li YM, Shi J. An activity-based probe developed by a sequential dehydroalanine formation strategy targets HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7109-7112. [PMID: 31157339 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
E3 ligases play a critical role in ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation cascades, and any aberration in their activity is associated with a number of diseases. Advancement in our knowledge of understanding the roles of HECT E3s requires biochemical tools such as activity-based probes (ABPs). In this study we developed a novel dehydroalanine (Dha)-based E2-Ub ABP using a strategy that is a combination of practical hydrazide-based native chemical ligation and sequential Dha formation. The probe could be used for labeling HECT E3s not only in vitro but also in endogenous cellular contexts. Our easy-to-implement method is expected to be useful for the preparation of Dha based Ub family E2 conjugate ABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China. and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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32
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Bogart JW, Bowers AA. Dehydroamino acids: chemical multi-tools for late-stage diversification. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3653-3669. [PMID: 30849157 PMCID: PMC6637761 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Dehydroamino acids (dhAAs) are noncanonical amino acids that are found in a wide array of natural products and can be easily installed into peptides and proteins. dhAAs exhibit remarkable synthetic flexibility, readily undergoing a number of reactions, such as polar and single-electron additions, transition metal catalyzed cross-couplings, and cycloadditions. Because of the relatively mild conditions required for many of these reactions, dhAAs are increasingly being used as orthogonal chemical handles for late-stage modification of biomolecules. Still, only a fraction of the chemical reactivity of dhAAs has been exploited in such biorthogonal applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the broad spectrum of chemical reactivity of dhAAs, with special emphasis on recent efforts to adapt such transformations for biomolecules such as natural products, peptides, and proteins. We also discuss examples of enzymes from natural product biosynthetic pathways that have been found to catalyze many similar reactions; these enzymes provide mild, regio- and stereoselective, biocatalytic alternatives for future development. We anticipate that the continued investigation of the innate reactivity of dhAAs will furnish a diverse portfolio dhAA-based chemistries for use in chemical biology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Bogart
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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33
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Recent advances in the chemical synthesis and semi-synthesis of poly-ubiquitin-based proteins and probes. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Abstract
Protein (poly-)ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that plays a key role in almost all cellular processes. It involves the installment of either single ubiquitin (Ub) moieties or one of eight different polyUb linkage types, each giving a distinct cellular outcome. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse Ub signaling by disassembly of one or multiple poly-Ub chain types and their malfunction is often associated with human disease. The Ub system displays significant crosstalk with structurally homologous ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls), including SUMO, Nedd8, and ISG15. This can be seen with the existence of heterogeneous chains made from Ub-Ubl mixtures as well as the proteolytic cross reactivity displayed by several DUBs toward other Ubl systems. In addition, numerous pathogens have been found to encode Ub(l)-ligases and deconjugating enzymes in order to facilitate infection and fight the host immune response. Studying the activity of DUBs and Ubl-specific proteases, both human as well as pathogen-derived, gives fundamental insights into their physiological roles. Activity-based probes (ABPs) have proven to be valuable tools to achieve this, as they report on enzyme activities by making a (often irreversible) covalent complex, rather than on their relative abundance. In this chapter, we explain the potential of ABPs to assess substrate preferences, structural features, and activity of Ub and Ubl deconjugating enzymes. We further demonstrate the practical use of ABPs to (1) characterize the activity of viral proteases toward Ub and Ubls and (2) to gain more insight in the structural determinants of substrate preference of DUBs.
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35
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Abstract
Ubiquitin signaling requires tight control of all aspects of protein ubiquitination, including the timing, locale, extent, and type of modification. Dysregulation of any of these signaling features can lead to severe human disease. One key mode of regulation is through the controlled removal of the ubiquitin signal by dedicated families of proteases, termed deubiquitinases. In light of their key roles in signal regulation, deubiquitinases have become a recent focus for therapeutic intervention as a means to regulate protein abundance. This work and recent discoveries of novel deubiquitinases in humans, viruses, and bacteria, provide the impetus for this chapter on methods for evaluating the activities and structures of deubiquitinases. An array of available deubiquitinase substrates for biochemical characterization are presented and their limitations as standalone tools are discussed. Methods for the determination and analysis of deubiquitinase structure are also presented, with a focus on visualizing recognition of the ubiquitin substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Pruneda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David Komander
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Corresponding author:
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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37
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Li X, Tolbert WD, Hu HG, Gohain N, Zou Y, Niu F, He WX, Yuan W, Su JC, Pazgier M, Lu W. Dithiocarbamate-inspired side chain stapling chemistry for peptide drug design. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1522-1530. [PMID: 30809370 PMCID: PMC6357863 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel peptide stapling strategy based on the dithiocarbamate chemistry linking the side chains of residues Lys(i) and Cys(i + 4) of unprotected peptides is developed.
Two major pharmacological hurdles severely limit the widespread use of small peptides as therapeutics: poor proteolytic stability and membrane permeability. Importantly, low aqueous solubility also impedes the development of peptides for clinical use. Various elaborate side chain stapling chemistries have been developed for α-helical peptides to circumvent this problem, with considerable success in spite of inevitable limitations. Here we report a novel peptide stapling strategy based on the dithiocarbamate chemistry linking the side chains of residues Lys(i) and Cys(i + 4) of unprotected peptides and apply it to a series of dodecameric peptide antagonists of the p53-inhibitory oncogenic proteins MDM2 and MDMX. Crystallographic studies of peptide–MDM2/MDMX complexes structurally validated the chemoselectivity of the dithiocarbamate staple bridging Lys and Cys at (i, i + 4) positions. One dithiocarbamate-stapled PMI derivative, DTCPMI, showed a 50-fold stronger binding to MDM2 and MDMX than its linear counterpart. Importantly, in contrast to PMI and its linear derivatives, the DTCPMI peptide actively traversed the cell membrane and killed HCT116 tumor cells in vitro by activating the tumor suppressor protein p53. Compared with other known stapling techniques, our solution-based DTC stapling chemistry is simple, cost-effective, regio-specific and environmentally friendly, promising an important new tool for the development of peptide therapeutics with improved pharmacological properties including aqueous solubility, proteolytic stability and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China.,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - W David Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Fan Niu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Wang-Xiao He
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Changhai Hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
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38
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Gong P, Davidson GA, Gui W, Yang K, Bozza WP, Zhuang Z. Activity-based ubiquitin-protein probes reveal target protein specificity of deubiquitinating enzymes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7859-7865. [PMID: 30429995 PMCID: PMC6194582 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an essential eukaryotic post-translational modification that regulates various cellular processes. The removal of ubiquitin from its target protein is catalyzed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Although it was proposed that many DUBs specifically interact and recognize ubiquitinated proteins as substrates, more direct evidence is needed to support this notion. Here we report protein-targeting activity-based DUB probes that allowed the identification of DUBs recognizing monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This new class of DUB probes contain a Michael acceptor as a warhead between ubiquitin and the target protein PCNA through a linkage that mimics the native isopeptide bond. We selected two known and biologically relevant ubiquitination sites on PCNA to generate the DUB probes. This allowed us to interrogate the site-specific deubiquitination of a target protein by DUBs. DUBs were profiled in yeast cell lysates using the two Ub-PCNA DUB probes in conjunction with two control probes that contain a noncleavable linkage but no warhead. We identified yeast DUBs through pulldown coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the pulled down proteins. Our results showed that specific yeast DUBs recognize monoubiquitinated PCNA and corroborated previous genetic study. We also identified DUBs as potential new deubiquitinase of PCNA. Remarkably, identified DUBs clearly distinguish the different modification sites on PCNA, thus supporting a high level of DUB specificity beyond the target protein identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Gregory A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Weijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - William P Bozza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
| | - Zhihao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , DE , USA 19716 .
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39
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Gui W, Ott CA, Yang K, Chung JS, Shen S, Zhuang Z. Cell-Permeable Activity-Based Ubiquitin Probes Enable Intracellular Profiling of Human Deubiquitinases. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12424-12433. [PMID: 30240200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in our knowledge of deubiquitinases (DUBs) and their biological functions requires biochemical tools permitting interrogation of DUB activities under physiologically relevant conditions. Activity-based DUB probes (DUB ABPs) have been widely used in investigating the function and activity of DUBs. However, most ubiquitin (Ub)-based DUB ABPs are not cell-permeable, limiting their utility to purified proteins and cell lysates. Lysis of cells usually leads to dilution of the cytoplasm and disruption of the normal cellular organization, which may alter the activity of many DUBs and DUB complexes. Here, we report a new class of cell-permeable DUB ABPs that enable intracellular DUB profiling. We used a semisynthetic approach to generate modular ubiquitin-based DUB probes containing a reactive warhead for covalent trapping of DUBs with a catalytic cysteine. We employed cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), particualrly cyclic polyarginine (cR10), to deliver the DUB ABPs into cells, as confirmed using live-cell fluorescence microscopy and DUB ABPs containing a fluorophore at the C-terminus of Ub. In comparison to TAT, enhanced intacellular delivery was observed through conjugation of a cyclic polyarginine (cR10) to the N-terminus of ubiquitin via a disulfide linkage. Using the new cell-permeable DUB ABPs, we carried out DUB profiling in intact HeLa cells, and identified active DUBs using immunocapture and label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Additionally, we demonstrated that the cell-permeable DUB ABPs can be used in assessing the inhibition of DUBs by small-molecule inhibitors in intact cells. Our results indicate that cell-permeable DUB ABPs hold great promise in providing a better understanding of the cellular functions of DUBs and advancing drug discovery efforts targeting human DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Christine A Ott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Jedidiah S Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Siqi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Zhihao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , 214A Drake Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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40
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Post-translational site-selective protein backbone α-deuteration. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:955-963. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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41
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Khan RKM, Zhao Y, Scully TD, Buchwald SL. Catalytic Arylhydroxylation of Dehydroalanine in Continuous Flow for Simple Access to Unnatural Amino Acids. Chemistry 2018; 24:15215-15218. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kashif M. Khan
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Tal D. Scully
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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42
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Cravatt BF, Hsu KL, Weerapana E. How to Target Viral and Bacterial Effector Proteins Interfering with Ubiquitin Signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 420:111-130. [PMID: 30178261 PMCID: PMC7120092 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a frequently occurring and very diverse posttranslational modification influencing a wide scope of cellular processes. Ubiquitin (Ub) has the unique ability to form eight different lysine-linked polymeric chains, mixed chains and engages with ubiquitin-like (Ubl) molecules. The distinct signals evoked by specific enzymes play a crucial role in, for instance, proteasome-mediated protein degradation, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage responses. Due to the large variety of cellular functions that this posttranslational modification influences, the enzymes that construct such Ub modifications, and subsequently controle and degrade these signals, is enormous. In this chapter, we will discuss the current state-of-the-art of activity-based probes, reporter substrates, and other relevant tools based on Ub as recognition element, to study the enzymes involved in the complex system of ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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43
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Jbara M, Laps S, Morgan M, Kamnesky G, Mann G, Wolberger C, Brik A. Palladium prompted on-demand cysteine chemistry for the synthesis of challenging and uniquely modified proteins. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3154. [PMID: 30089783 PMCID: PMC6082840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic chemistry allows for the modification and chemical preparation of protein analogues for various studies. The thiolate side chain of the Cys residue has been a key functionality in these ventures. In order to generate complex molecular targets, there is a particular need to incorporate orthogonal protecting groups of the thiolated amino acids to control the directionality of synthesis and modification site. Here, we demonstrate the tuning of palladium chemoselectivity in aqueous medium for on-demand deprotection of several Cys-protecting groups that are useful in protein synthesis and modification. These tools allow the preparation of highly complex analogues as we demonstrate in the synthesis of the copper storage protein and selectively modified peptides with multiple Cys residues. We also report the synthesis of an activity-based probe comprising ubiquitinated histone H2A and its incorporation into nucleosomes and demonstrate its reactivity with deubiquitinating enzyme to generate a covalent nucleosome-enzyme complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jbara
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Shay Laps
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Michael Morgan
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2185, USA
| | - Guy Kamnesky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Guy Mann
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Cynthia Wolberger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2185, USA
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel.
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44
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Chu GC, Bai JS, Kong YF, Fan J, Sun SS, Xu HJ, Shi J, Li YM. Efficient semi-synthesis of ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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45
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Qu Q, Pan M, Gao S, Zheng Q, Yu Y, Su J, Li X, Hu H. A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polyubiquitin Chains. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800234. [PMID: 30027052 PMCID: PMC6051384 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A robust, microwave-assisted, highly efficient, solid-phase peptide synthesis method for preparing isopeptide-linked 62-mer and 76-mer isoubiquitins and polyubiquitin is developed. The strategy avoids the use of costly resins and pseudoprolines, and the isopeptide-linked building blocks can be assembled with high initial purity within 1 day. All seven diubiquitins are successfully synthesized on a multi-milligram scale; a four-segment, three-ligation method is used to obtain a K33-/K11-linked mixed triubiquitin in excellent yield. Circular dichroism and crystallographic analyses are used to verify the structures of the well-folded, synthetic polyubiquitin chains. The facile synthetic strategy is expected to be generally applicable for the rapid synthesis of isopeptide-linked isoUbs and to pave the way for the study of longer polyubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University325 Guohe RoadShanghai200433China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Man Pan
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qing‐Yun Zheng
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Yu
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Jia‐Can Su
- Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical University168 Changhai RoadShanghai200433China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University325 Guohe RoadShanghai200433China
| | - Hong‐Gang Hu
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical University325 Guohe RoadShanghai200433China
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46
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Dadová J, Galan SR, Davis BG. Synthesis of modified proteins via functionalization of dehydroalanine. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:71-81. [PMID: 29913421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroalanine has emerged in recent years as a non-proteinogenic residue with strong chemical utility in proteins for the study of biology. In this review we cover the several methods now available for its flexible and site-selective incorporation via a variety of complementary chemical and biological techniques and examine its reactivity, allowing both creation of modified protein side-chains through a variety of bond-forming methods (C-S, C-N, C-Se, C-C) and as an activity-based probe in its own right. We illustrate its utility with selected examples of biological and technological discovery and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Dadová
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Rg Galan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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47
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Navo CD, Asín A, Gómez-Orte E, Gutiérrez-Jiménez MI, Compañón I, Ezcurra B, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Zurbano MM, Jiménez-Osés G, Cabello J, Peregrina JM. Cell-Penetrating Peptides Containing Fluorescent d
-Cysteines. Chemistry 2018; 24:7991-8000. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D. Navo
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Alicia Asín
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Eva Gómez-Orte
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); C/ Piqueras, 98 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Marta I. Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Begoña Ezcurra
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); C/ Piqueras, 98 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - María M. Zurbano
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); C/ Piqueras, 98 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
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48
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Meledin R, Mali SM, Kleifeld O, Brik A. Activity-Based Probes Developed by Applying a Sequential Dehydroalanine Formation Strategy to Expressed Proteins Reveal a Potential α-Globin-Modulating Deubiquitinase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Meledin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Sachitanand M. Mali
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200008 Israel
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200008 Israel
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49
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Meledin R, Mali SM, Kleifeld O, Brik A. Activity-Based Probes Developed by Applying a Sequential Dehydroalanine Formation Strategy to Expressed Proteins Reveal a Potential α-Globin-Modulating Deubiquitinase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [PMID: 29527788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a general and novel semisynthetic strategy for the preparation of ubiquitinated protein-activity-based probes on the basis of sequential dehydroalanine formation on expressed proteins. We applied this approach to construct a physiologically and therapeutically relevant ubiquitinated α-globin probe, which was used for the enrichment and proteomic identification of α-globin-modulating deubiquitinases. We found USP15 as a potential deubiquitinase for the modulation of α-globin, an excess of which aggravates β-thalassemia symptoms. This development opens new opportunities for activity-based-probe design to shed light on the important aspects underlying ubiquitination and deubiquitination in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Meledin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Sachitanand M Mali
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
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50
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Gopinath P, Ohayon S, Nawatha M, Brik A. Chemical and semisynthetic approaches to study and target deubiquitinases. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:4171-98. [PMID: 27049734 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00083e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key posttranslational modification, which affects numerous biological processes and is reversed by a class of enzymes known as deubiquitinases (DUBs). This family of enzymes cleaves mono-ubiquitin or poly-ubiquitin chains from a target protein through different mechanisms and mode of interactions with their substrates. Studying the role of DUBs in health and diseases has been a major goal for many laboratories both in academia and in industry. However, the field has been challenged by the difficulties in obtaining native substrates and novel reagents using traditional enzymatic and molecular biology approaches. Recent advancements in the synthesis and semisynthesis of proteins made it possible to prepare several unique ubiquitin conjugates to study various aspects of DUBs such as their specificities and structures. Moreover, these approaches enable the preparation of novel activity based probes and assays to monitor DUB activities in vitro and in cellular contexts. Efforts made to bring new chemical entities for the selective inhibition of DUBs based on these tools are also highlighted with selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, 3200008, Israel.
| | - Shimrit Ohayon
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, 3200008, Israel.
| | - Mickal Nawatha
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, 3200008, Israel.
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, 3200008, Israel.
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