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Iguchi H, Furutani H, Kimizuka N. Ionic Charge-Transfer Liquid Crystals Formed by Alternating Supramolecular Copolymerization of Liquid π-Donors and TCNQ. Front Chem 2021; 9:657246. [PMID: 33855013 PMCID: PMC8039295 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.657246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of liquid π-donors, lipophilic dihydrophenazine (DHP) derivatives, show remarkably high π-electron-donor property which exhibit supramolecular alternating copolymerization with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), giving ionic charge-transfer (ICT) complexes. The ICT complexes form distinct columnar liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases with well-defined alternating molecular alignment as demonstrated by UV-Vis-NIR spectra, IR spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These liquid crystalline ICT complexes display unique phase transitions in response to mechanical stress: the columnar ICT phase is converted to macroscopically oriented smectic-like mesophases upon applying shear force. Although there exist reports on the formation of ICT in the crystalline state, this study provides the first rational identification of ICT mesophases based on the spectroscopic and structural data. The liquid crystalline ICT phases are generated by strong electronic interactions between the liquid π-donors and solid acceptors. It clearly shows the significance of simultaneous fulfillment of strong π-donating ability and ordered self-assembly of the stable ICT pairs. The flexible, stimuli-responsive structural transformation of the ICT complexes offer a new perspective for designing processable CT systems with controlled hierarchical self-assembly and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Furutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Kato SI, Kijima T, Shiota Y, Abe T, Kuwako S, Miyauchi H, Yoshikawa N, Yamamoto K, Yoshizawa K, Yoshihara T, Tobita S, Nakamura Y. Chemical transformations of push-pull fluorenones: push-pull dibenzodicyanofulvenes as well as fluorenone- and dibenzodicyanofulvene-tetracyanobutadiene conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4198-4209. [PMID: 32191251 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull fluorenones (FOs) were synthesized by treating a benzopentalenequinone (BPO) derivative with alkynes that bear an electron-rich aniline moiety via a regioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition (CA) followed by a [4 + 1] retrocycloaddition (RCA). The resulting FOs were readily converted into dibenzodicyanofulvenes (DBDCFs) by treatment with malononitrile in the presence of TiCl4 and pyridine. The FOs and DBDCFs exhibit intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) that manifests in absorptions at 350-650 nm and amphoteric electrochemical behavior. Furthermore, FOs and DBDCFs that contain a C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C bond react with tetracyanoethylene in a formal [2 + 2] CA followed by a retro-electrocyclization to afford sterically congested tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD) conjugates. The substituent (H or Me) on the aromatic ring adjacent to the butadiene moiety thereby determines whether the butadiene adopts an s-cis or s-trans conformation, and thus controls the physicochemical properties of the resulting TCBDs. The TCBD conjugates exhibit ICT absorptions (≤800 nm) together with up to four reversible reduction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Kijima
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Abe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwako
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Miyauchi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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Andersen D, Nygaard DB, Kragh RR, Broløs L, Nielsen MB. Synthesis of redox-active donor/acceptor chromophores with a central indenofluorene or indacenodithiophene core. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yamada T, Park K, Tachikawa T, Fujii A, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK, Sajiki H. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of 2-Alkynylaldehyde Cyclic Acetals via Hydride Shift for the Synthesis of Indenone Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:1883-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kwihwan Park
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Takumu Tachikawa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujii
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Finke AD, Zalibera M, Confortin D, Kelterer AM, Mensing C, Haberland S, Diederich F, Gescheidt G. Charge-Transfer Salts of 6,6-Dicyanopentafulvenes: From Topology to Charge Separation in Solution. Chemistry 2018; 24:13616-13623. [PMID: 30094881 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
6,6-Dicyanopentafulvene derivatives and metallocenes with redox potentials appropriate for forming their radical anions form highly persistent donor-acceptor salts. The charge-transfer salts of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-6,6-dicyanofulvene with cobaltocene (1⋅Cp2 Co) and 2,3,4,5-tetrakis(triisopropylsilyl)-6,6-dicyanofulvene with decamethylferrocene (2⋅Fc*) have been prepared. The X-ray structures of the two salts, formed as black plates, were obtained and are discussed herein. Compared with neutral dicyanopentafulvenes, the chromophores in the metallocene salts show substantial changes in bond lengths and torsional angles in the solid state. EPR, NMR, and optical spectroscopy, as well as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, reveal that charge-separation in the crystalline states and in frozen and fluid solutions depends on subtle differences of redox potentials, geometry, and on ion pairing. Whereas 1⋅Cp2 Co reveals paramagnetic character in the crystalline state and in solution, compound 2⋅Fc* shows a delicate balance between para- and diamagnetism, depending on the temperature and solvent characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Finke
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daria Confortin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Mensing
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Haberland
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH-Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Hasegawa M, Endo Y, Honda Y, Mazaki Y. π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Analogue with Dicyano Dihydro-s-indacene Core Leading to Facile Oxidation, Metallic Luster, and Solvatochromic Properties. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
| | - Yasutaka Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
| | - Yoshiki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
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Harusawa S, Shioiri T. Diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC): a versatile reagent for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Endo Y, Hasegawa M, Mazaki Y. π-Extended Dimeric Dicyanofulvene: A New Class of Electron-accepting Molecule. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University
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Irie H, Nishida JI, Kitamura C, Kurata H, Kawase T. syn-Dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene-1,8-dione and Its Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivative: New Electron Acceptors Bearing a π-Extended Indacene Unit. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Irie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Jun-ichi Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Chitoshi Kitamura
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Environmental and Food Science, Faculty of Environmental and Information Science, Fukui University of Technology
| | - Takeshi Kawase
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
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New reactivity of 6,6-bis-donor-substituted pentafulvenes: one-step synthesis of highly substituted [3]cumulene and dihydropentalene. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Finke AD, Jahn BO, Saithalavi A, Dahlstrand C, Nauroozi D, Haberland S, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Mijangos E, Schweizer WB, Ott S, Ottosson H, Diederich F. The 6,6-Dicyanopentafulvene Core: A Template for the Design of Electron-Acceptor Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:8168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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