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Lackner J, Alberti C, Bock T, Neßmerak K, Urban E, Khom S, Schützenmeister N. Total Synthesis of (15R)- and (15S)-Prostaglandin A 2. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401921. [PMID: 38875450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
From both pharmaceutical and structural perspectives, the large family of prostaglandins represent a truly remarkable class of natural products. Prostaglandin A2 is a tissue hormone naturally found in human seminal plasma and in the sea whip Plexaura homomalla with yet poorly understood biological or therapeutic effects. Herein, a novel strategy for the stereoselective construction of both naturally occurring prostaglandin A2 epimers and first insights into their functional effects on the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors (GABAAR) are provided. The synthesis of both epimers was achieved in only 11 steps starting from commercially available 2,5-dimethoxy-tetrahydrofuran employing an organocatalytic domino-aldol reaction, a Mizoroki-Heck reaction, a Wittig reaction as well as an oxidation-decarboxylation sequence. The (15R)-epimer significantly reduced GABA-induced currents through GABAA receptors while its (15S)-epimer did not show any significant effect. These data suggest that (15R)-PGA2 might serve as a novel scaffold for the development of selective GABAA receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Lackner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Alberti
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Bock
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Neßmerak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Schützenmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Yin Y, Wang J, Li J. A concise and scalable chemoenzymatic synthesis of prostaglandins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2523. [PMID: 38514642 PMCID: PMC10957970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins have garnered significant attention from synthetic chemists due to their exceptional biological activities. In this report, we present a concise chemoenzymatic synthesis method for several representative prostaglandins, achieved in 5 to 7 steps. Notably, the common intermediate bromohydrin, a radical equivalent of Corey lactone, is chemoenzymatically synthesized in only two steps, which allows us to complete the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α in five steps on a 10-gram scale. The chiral cyclopentane core is introduced with high enantioselectivity, while the lipid chains are sequentially incorporated through a cost-effective process involving bromohydrin formation, nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings, and Wittig reactions. This cost-efficient synthesis route for prostaglandins holds the potential to make prostaglandin-related drugs more affordable and facilitate easier access to their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yin
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Kawauchi G, Suga Y, Toda S, Hayashi Y. Organocatalyst-mediated, pot-economical total synthesis of latanoprost. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10081-10086. [PMID: 37772091 PMCID: PMC10530343 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02978f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective total synthesis of latanoprost, an antiglaucoma agent, has been accomplished with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities in a pot-economical manner using six reaction vessels. An enantioselective Krische allylation was conducted in the first pot. In the second pot, olefin metathesis, silyl protection, and hydrogenolysis proceeded efficiently. In the third pot, an organocatalyst-mediated Michael reaction proceeded with excellent diastereoselectivity. The fourth pot involved a substrate-controlled Mukaiyama intramolecular aldol reaction and elimination of HNO2 to afford a methylenecyclopentanone, also with excellent diastereoselectivity. The fifth pot involved a Michael reaction of vinyl cuprate. In the sixth pot, three reactions, a cis-selective olefin metathesis, diastereoselective reduction, and deprotection, afforded latanoprost. Nearly optically pure latanoprost was obtained, and the total yield was 24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kawauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yurina Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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4
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Wang ZS, Bennett SH, Kicin B, Jing C, Pradeilles JA, Thai K, Smith JR, Bacoş PD, Fasano V, Saunders CM, Aggarwal VK. De Novo Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofurans and Indolines and Its Application to a Modular, Asymmetric Synthesis of Beraprost. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37326516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrobenzofurans and indolines are important constituents of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a novel strategy for their construction in which the aromatic ring is created de novo through an inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction and cheletropic extrusion sequence of a 2-halothiophene-1,1-dioxide with an enol ether/enamide, followed by aromatization. Unusually, the aromatization process proved to be highly challenging, but it was discovered that treatment of the halocyclohexadienes with a base effected an α-elimination-aromatization reaction. Mechanistic investigation of this step using deuterium-labeling studies indicated the intermediacy of a carbene which undergoes a 1,2-hydrogen shift and subsequent aromatization. The methodology was applied to a modular and stereoselective total synthesis of the antiplatelet drug beraprost in only 8 steps from a key enal-lactone. This lactone provided the core of beraprost to which both its sidechains could be appended through a 1,4-conjugate addition process (lower ω-sidechain), followed by de novo construction of beraprost's dihydrobenzofuran (upper α-sidechain) using our newly developed methodology. Additionally, we have demonstrated the breadth of our newly established protocol in the synthesis of functionalized indolines, which occurred with high levels of regiocontrol. According to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, the high selectivity originates from attractive London dispersion interactions in the TS of the Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Steven H Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Bilal Kicin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Johan A Pradeilles
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Karen Thai
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - P David Bacoş
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Valerio Fasano
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Carla M Saunders
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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5
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Sansinenea E, Ortiz A. Asymmetric Organocatalytic Syntheses of Bioactive Compounds. Curr Org Synth 2022; 19:148-165. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210728145206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The total syntheses of complex natural products have evolved to include new methodologies to save time, simplifying the form to achieve these natural compounds.
Objective:
In this review, we have described the asymmetric synthesis of different natural products and biologically active compounds of the last ten years until the current day.
Results:
An asymmetric organocatalytic reaction is a key to generate stereoselectively the main structure with the required stereochemistry.
Conclusion:
Even more remarkable, the organocatalytic cascade reactions, which are carried out with high stereoselectivity, as well as a possible approximation of the organocatalysts activation with sub-strates are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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6
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Total syntheses of hyperaspidinols A and B enabled by a bioinspired diastereoselective cascade sequence. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Calogero F, Potenti S, Bassan E, Fermi A, Gualandi A, Monaldi J, Dereli B, Maity B, Cavallo L, Ceroni P, Giorgio Cozzi P. Nickel‐Mediated Enantioselective Photoredox Allylation of Aldehydes with Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calogero
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Simone Potenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Laboratorio SMART Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Elena Bassan
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jacopo Monaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Busra Dereli
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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8
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Gimazetdinov AM, Al’mukhametov AZ, Miftakhov MS. Development of a new approach for the synthesis of (+)-15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 methyl ester based on the [2+2]-cycloadduct of 5-trimethylsilylcyclopentadiene and dichloroketene. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper described a first example of the application of the “abnormal” lactone of 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one topology in targeted prostaglandin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airat M. Gimazetdinov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry (UfIC), Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFIC RAS) Pr. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar Z. Al’mukhametov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry (UfIC), Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFIC RAS) Pr. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Mansur S. Miftakhov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry (UfIC), Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFIC RAS) Pr. Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
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9
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Cozzi PG, Calogero F, Potenti S, Bassan E, Fermi A, Gualandi A, Monaldi J, Dereli B, Maity B, Cavallo L, Ceroni P. Nickel Mediated Enantioselective Photoredox Allylation of Aldehydes with Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114981. [PMID: 34937125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a practical, highly enantioselective photoredox allylation of aldehydes mediated by chiral nickel complexes with commercially available allyl acetate as the allylating agent. The methodology allows the clean stereoselective allylation of aldehydes in good to excellent yields and up to 93% e.e. using a catalytic amount of NiCl 2 (glyme) in the presence of the chiral aminoindanol-derived bis(oxazoline) as the chiral ligand. The photoredox system is constituted by the organic dye 3DPAFIPN and a Hantzsch's ester as the sacrificial reductant. The reaction proceeds under visible light irradiation (blue LEDs, 456 nm) at 8-12 °C with excellent stereoselectivities. Compared to other published procedures, no metal reductants (such as Zn or Mn), additives (e.g. CuI) or air-sensitive Ni(COD) 2 are necessary for this reaction. Accurate DFT calculations and photophysical experiments have clarified the mechanistic picture of this stereoselective allylation reaction showing a key role played by Hantzsch's ester for the turnover of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di chimica, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Francesco Calogero
- Università degli Studi di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo CIamician, ITALY
| | - Simone Potenti
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo CIamician, ITALY
| | - Elena Bassan
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di CHimica Gicacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Jacopo Monaldi
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Busra Dereli
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Bholanath Maity
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di CHimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
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10
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Zhu K, Jiang M, Ye B, Zhang GT, Li W, Tang P, Huang Z, Chen F. A unified strategy to prostaglandins: chemoenzymatic total synthesis of cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF 2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10362-10370. [PMID: 34377422 PMCID: PMC8336452 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of efficient and stereoselective synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) is of utmost importance, owing to their valuable medicinal applications and unique chemical structures. We report here a unified synthesis of PGs cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost from the readily available dichloro-containing bicyclic ketone 6a guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis, in 11-12 steps with 3.8-8.4% overall yields. An unprecedented Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO)-catalyzed stereoselective oxidation of 6a (99% ee), and a ketoreductase (KRED)-catalyzed diastereoselective reduction of enones 12 (87 : 13 to 99 : 1 dr) were utilized in combination for the first time to set the critical stereochemical configurations under mild conditions. Another key transformation was the copper(ii)-catalyzed regioselective p-phenylbenzoylation of the secondary alcohol of diol 10 (9.3 : 1 rr). This study not only provides an alternative route to the highly stereoselective synthesis of PGs, but also showcases the usefulness and great potential of biocatalysis in construction of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Baijun Ye
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Tai Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Weijian Li
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Pei Tang
- Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China.,Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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11
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Tănase C, Pintilie L, Tănase RE. Lactones in the Synthesis of Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1572. [PMID: 33557221 PMCID: PMC7913956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the total stereo-controlled synthesis of natural prostaglandins (PGs) and their structural analogs, a vast class of compounds and drugs, known as the lactones, are encountered in a few key steps to build the final molecule, as: δ-lactones, γ-lactones, and 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-macrolactones. After the synthesis of 1,9-PGF2α and 1,15-PGF2α lactones, many 1,15-lactones of E2, E3, F2, F3, A2, and A3 were found in the marine mollusc Tethys fimbria and the quest for understanding their biological role stimulated the research on their synthesis. Then 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-PG lactones of the drugs were synthesized as an alternative to the corresponding esters, and the first part of the paper describes the methods used for their synthesis. The efficient Corey procedure for the synthesis of prostaglandins uses the key δ-lactone and γ-lactone intermediates with three or four stereocenters on the cyclopentane fragment to link the PG side chains. The paper describes the most used procedures for the synthesis of the milestone δ-Corey-lactones and γ-Corey-lactones, their improvements, and some new promising methods, such as interesting, new stereo-controlled and catalyzed enantioselective reactions, and methods based on the chemical/enzymatic resolution of the compounds in different steps of the sequences. The many uses of δ-lactones not only for the synthesis of γ-lactones, but also for obtaining 9β-halogen-PGs and halogen-substituted cyclopentane intermediates, as synthons for new 9β-PG analogs and future applications, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Tănase
- Synthesis of Biologically Active Substances Department, National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 74373 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lucia Pintilie
- Synthesis of Biologically Active Substances Department, National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 74373 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Elena Tănase
- Department of Mathematics, Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 06 Uppsala, Sweden;
- “Simion Stoilow” Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, 010702 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Revol-Cavalier J, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, Durand T, Oger C, Galano JM. Total Synthesis of a Docosahexaenoic Acid Prostanoid Using an Intramolecular Organocatalytic Michael Reaction of a Formyl-Enal Derivative. Org Lett 2020; 22:7455-7459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Revol-Cavalier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier 34093 Cedex 05, France
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier 34093 Cedex 05, France
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier 34093 Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier 34093 Cedex 05, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier 34093 Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron UMR 5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, Montpellier 34093 Cedex 05, France
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aza‐Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku 980‐8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aza‐Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba‐ku 980‐8578 Sendai Japan
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14
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Jing C, Aggarwal VK. Total Synthesis of Thromboxane B 2 via a Key Bicyclic Enal Intermediate. Org Lett 2020; 22:6505-6509. [PMID: 32806168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 12-step asymmetric synthesis of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) from 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran is described. The synthesis employs our organocatalytic aldol reaction of succinaldehyde to give a key bicyclic enal intermediate. From here, the synthetic strategy involves a conjugate addition of an alkenyl side chain to the bicyclic enal, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and a highly Z-selective Wittig olefination of a hemiacetal. Key to success was minimizing redox operations and the manipulation of functional groups in the correct order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Jing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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15
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Jiang Y, Yang Y, He Q, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric Intramolecular Rauhut-Currier Reaction and Its Desymmetric Version via Double Thiol/Phase-Transfer Catalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10760-10771. [PMID: 32806086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric intramolecular Rauhut-Currier reaction of linear bis(enones) has been achieved via double activation catalysis of thiols and phase transfer substances, furnishing both enantioenriched cyclohexene and cyclopentene derivatives (up to 95% ee). Furthermore, the desymmetric version of prochiral substrates was developed under similar catalysis, producing the frameworks bearing an additional tertiary or even quaternary stereogenic center with moderate to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 95% ee, >19:1 dr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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16
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Bennett SH, Coulthard G, Aggarwal VK. Prostaglandin Total Synthesis Enabled by the Organocatalytic Dimerization of Succinaldehyde. CHEM REC 2020; 20:936-947. [PMID: 32672398 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins have been attractive targets in total synthesis for over 50 years, resulting in the development of new synthetic strategies and methodologies that have served the broader chemical community. However, these molecules are not just of academic interest, a number of prostaglandin analogues are used in the clinic, and some are even on the WHO list of essential medicines. In this personal account, we describe our own approach to the family of prostaglandins, which centers around the synthesis of a key enal intermediate, formed from the l-proline catalysed dimerization of succinaldehyde. We highlight the discovery and further optimization of this key reaction, its scale up, and subsequent application to a range of prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Bennett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Graeme Coulthard
- Sygnature Discovery, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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17
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Monteiro S, Imramovský A, Pauk K, Růžičková Z, Carvalho C, Pavlík J. Synthesis of Alfaprostol Key Intermediate Ynol via Br/Mg Exchange. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1716623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Imramovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pauk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavlík
- Cayman Pharma Ltd, Neratovice, Czech Republic
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18
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Umekubo N, Suga Y, Hayashi Y. Pot and time economies in the total synthesis of Corey lactone. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1205-1209. [PMID: 34123244 PMCID: PMC8148033 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Corey lactone is a highly versatile intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of prostaglandin hormones that natively control a multitude of important physiological processes. Starting from commercially available compounds, we herein disclose a time-economical, one-pot enantioselective preparation of the Corey lactone by virtue of a new diphenylprolinol silyl ether-mediated domino Michael/Michael reaction to afford the substituted cyclopentanone core in a formal (3 + 2) cycloadditive fashion. More broadly, this work advances the on-demand, gram-scale synthesis of high-value targets involving chemically orthogonal transformations, whereby distinct reactions of acids, bases, organometalics, reductants and oxidants can be carried out in a single reaction vessel in a sequential fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yurina Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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19
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Badowski T, Gajewska EP, Molga K, Grzybowski BA. Synergy Between Expert and Machine‐Learning Approaches Allows for Improved Retrosynthetic Planning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Badowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa P. Gajewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Molga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Chemistry UNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
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20
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Badowski T, Gajewska EP, Molga K, Grzybowski BA. Synergy Between Expert and Machine‐Learning Approaches Allows for Improved Retrosynthetic Planning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:725-730. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Badowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa P. Gajewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Molga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Chemistry UNIST 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun Ulsan South Korea
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21
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Monteiro S, Paraskevopoulos G, Imramovský A. Synthesis of 13,14‐Dehydro‐prostaglandins Synthetic Analogues: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 95 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Georgios Paraskevopoulos
- Skin Barrier Research GroupFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles University Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8 500 05 Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Imramovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice Studentská 95 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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22
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Kim T, Lee SI, Kim S, Shim SY, Ryu DH. Total synthesis of PGF2α and 6,15-diketo-PGF1α and formal synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1α via three-component coupling. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Ramakrishna I, Reddy MK, Baidya M. Organocatalyzed Annulation Cascade toward Asymmetric Functionalization of Dibenzoxazepines and Dibenzothiazepines with Vicinal Tertiary Stereogenic Centers. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mallu Kesava Reddy
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu India
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24
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Zhu K, Hu S, Liu M, Peng H, Chen F. Access to a Key Building Block for the Prostaglandin Family via Stereocontrolled Organocatalytic Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral MoleculesDepartment of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Sha Hu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral MoleculesDepartment of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral MoleculesDepartment of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Haihui Peng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral MoleculesDepartment of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Fen‐Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral MoleculesDepartment of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules Shanghai 200433 China
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25
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Zhu K, Hu S, Liu M, Peng H, Chen FE. Access to a Key Building Block for the Prostaglandin Family via Stereocontrolled Organocatalytic Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9923-9927. [PMID: 30983061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol for the construction of a crucial bicyclic lactone of prostaglandins using a stereocontrolled organocatalytic Baeyer-Villiger (B-V) oxidation was developed. The key B-V oxidation of a racemic cyclobutanone derivative with aqueous hydrogen peroxide has enabled an early-stage construction of a bicyclic lactone skeleton in high enantiomeric excess (up to 95 %). The generated bicyclic lactone is fully primed with two desired stereocenters and enabled the synthesis of the entire family of prostaglandins according to Corey's route. Furthermore, the reactivity and enantioselectivity of B-V oxidation of racemic bicyclic cyclobutanones were evaluated and 90-99 % ee was obtained, representing one of the most efficient routes to chiral lactones. This study further facilitates the synthesis of prostaglandins and chiral lactone-containing natural products to promote drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haihui Peng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Molecules, Shanghai, 200433, China
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26
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Pelšs A, Gandhamsetty N, Smith JR, Mailhol D, Silvi M, Watson AJA, Perez-Powell I, Prévost S, Schützenmeister N, Moore PR, Aggarwal VK. Reoptimization of the Organocatalyzed Double Aldol Domino Process to a Key Enal Intermediate and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Δ 12 -Prostaglandin J 3. Chemistry 2018; 24:9542-9545. [PMID: 29774967 PMCID: PMC6055629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Re-investigation of the l-proline catalyzed double aldol cascade dimerization of succinaldehyde for the synthesis of a key bicyclic enal intermediate, pertinent in the field of stereoselective prostaglandin synthesis, is reported. The yield of this process has been more than doubled, from 14 % to a 29 % isolated yield on a multi-gram scale (32 % NMR yield), through conducting a detailed study of the reaction solvent, temperature, and concentration, as well as a catalyst screen. The synthetic utility of this enal intermediate has been further demonstrated through the total synthesis of Δ12 -prostaglandin J3 , a compound with known anti-leukemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Pelšs
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - James R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Damien Mailhol
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Mattia Silvi
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J A Watson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Isabel Perez-Powell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Sébastien Prévost
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Nina Schützenmeister
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Peter R Moore
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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27
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Baars H, Classen MJ, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis of Alfaprostol and PGF 2α through 1,4-Addition of an Alkyne to an Enal Intermediate as the Key Step. Org Lett 2018; 19:6008-6011. [PMID: 29064717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The veterinary drug Alfaprostol and prostaglandin PGF2α have been synthesized in just nine steps. The strategy involved the conjugate addition of an alkyne to a bicyclic enal, available in three steps by a proline-catalyzed aldol reaction of succinaldehyde. In the case of Alfaprostol, this resulted in the shortest synthesis reported to date. For PGF2α, this approach improved our previous route by making the 1,4-addition and ozonolysis more operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Baars
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Moritz J Classen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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28
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Riveira MJ, Marcarino MO, La-Venia A. Multicomponent Domino Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]furan-2-ones. Org Lett 2018; 20:4000-4004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín J. Riveira
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maribel O. Marcarino
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Agustina La-Venia
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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29
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Kawauchi G, Umemiya S, Taniguchi T, Monde K, Hayashi Y. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Latanoprost using an Organocatalyst. Chemistry 2018; 24:8409-8414. [PMID: 29603816 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective total synthesis of latanoprost was achieved. Its chiral cyclopentane core structure was constructed through an organocatalyst-mediated [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction, and chirality in the ω-side chain was generated by prolinate-anion-mediated α-aminoxylation of an aldehyde. Highly diastereoselective domino acetalization and an oxy-Michael reaction were key steps for the generation of C9 chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kawauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for, Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for, Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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30
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Peng H, Chen FE. Recent advances in asymmetric total synthesis of prostaglandins. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6281-6301. [PMID: 28737187 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are a series of hormone-like chemical messengers and play a critical role in regulating physiological activity. The diversified therapeutic activities and complex molecular architectures of PGs have attracted special attention, and huge progress has been made in asymmetric total synthesis and discovery of pharmaceutically useful drug candidates. In the last 10 years, several powerful syntheses have emerged as new solutions to the problem of building PGs and represent major breakthroughs in this area. This review highlights the advances in methodologies for the asymmetric total synthesis of prostaglandins. The application of these methodologies in the syntheses of medicinally useful prostaglandins is also described. The study has been carefully categorized according to the key procedures involved in the syntheses of various prostaglandins, aiming to give readers an easy understanding of this chemistry and provide insights for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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31
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Ramakrishna I, Ramaraju P, Baidya M. Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Oxazinanes and Isoxazolidines via Nitroso Aldol Reaction of Distal Dialdehydes. Org Lett 2018; 20:1023-1026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isai Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Panduga Ramaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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32
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Monteiro S, Imramovský A, Pauk K, Pavlík J. Novel synthetic approach to alfaprostol key intermediates via Stille coupling with an alkyne. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Sempere Molina Y, Ruchti J, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Addition of Alkynes to α,α-Dichlorinated Aldehydes. Org Lett 2017; 19:743-745. [PMID: 28127958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective addition of terminal alkynes to α,α-dichlorinated aldehydes employing Zn(OTf)2/NME is disclosed. The propargylic alcohols obtained are accessed in good yields and high enantioselectivity from easily accessible α,α-dichloroaldehydes. The method opens new strategic opportunities for the synthesis of chlorinated natural products, such as the chlorosulfolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshua Sempere Molina
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Ruchti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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34
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Baba T, Yamamoto J, Hayashi K, Sato M, Yamanaka M, Kawabata T, Furuta T. Catalytic discrimination between formyl groups in regio- and stereoselective intramolecular cross-aldol reactions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3791-3797. [PMID: 30155021 PMCID: PMC6013812 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic discrimination between inequivalent formyl groups was achieved using an aniline-type acid-base catalyst for the regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective intramolecular cross-aldol reactions of enolizable dials. Although l-proline gave a mixture of the regio- and stereoisomeric products in the presence of an N-containing 1,6-dial, the aniline-type catalyst afforded anti-3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine in high regio-, and stereoselectivity beyond the background reaction, which led to the regioisomeric 2,3-disubstituted products. The mild reactivity of the aniline-type amine facilitated catalytic discrimination between the inequivalent formyl groups. Kinetic isotope effect studies and reductive amination experiments suggested that the regioselectivity was controlled under the enamine-forming steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Baba
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan .
| | - Junya Yamamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan .
| | - Kazuhiro Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan .
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules , Faculty of Science , Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku , Tokyo 171-8501 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules , Faculty of Science , Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku , Tokyo 171-8501 , Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan .
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan .
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35
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Mir NA, Choudhary S, Ramaraju P, Singh D, Kumar I. Microwave assisted aminocatalyzed [3 + 2] annulation between α-iminonitriles and succinaldehyde: synthesis of pyrrole-3-methanols and related polycyclic ring systems. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A quick and highly efficient method for the synthesis of substituted pyrrole-3-methanols from α-iminonitriles and succinaldehyde under microwave irradiation is reported with good to high yields (up to 75%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar A. Mir
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Sachin Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Panduga Ramaraju
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Instrumentation Division
- IIIM-CSIR Lab
- Jammu 180 001
- India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
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36
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37
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Holec C, Sandkuhl D, Rother D, Kroutil W, Pietruszka J. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis towards the Active Agent Travoprost. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Holec
- Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf at the Forschungszentrum Jülich; Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Germany
| | - Diana Sandkuhl
- Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf at the Forschungszentrum Jülich; Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Germany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology); Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52426 Jülich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf at the Forschungszentrum Jülich; Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology); Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52426 Jülich Germany
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38
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Jo HH, Gao X, You L, Anslyn EV, Krische MJ. Application of a High-Throughput Enantiomeric Excess Optical Assay Involving a Dynamic Covalent Assembly: Parallel Asymmetric Allylation and Ee Sensing of Homoallylic Alcohols. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6747-6753. [PMID: 27014433 PMCID: PMC4800411 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel synthesis and high-throughput ee screening.
Asymmetric Ir-catalyzed C–C coupling of primary alcohols with allyl-acetates, as described by Krische, to form chiral secondary homo-allylic alcohols were performed in parallel as a means to optimize the ee values thereof. Specifically, approximately 400 examples of this reaction were performed by varying the catalyst, added acids and bases, and starting reactants, to form 4-phenyl-1-butene-4-ol (1). The ee values for the transformations were determined in a high-throughput fashion using a 4-component assembly that creates a circular dichroism signal indicative of the extent of asymmetric induction. Further, a parallel and rapid quantitative TLC method measures the yield of each reaction, revealing which reactions give reliable ee values in the CD-based assay. Overall, the nearly 200 reactions whose ee values were determined could be quantitated in under two hours. Using a combination of the TLC method to measure yield with the CD-assay to measure ee values, several trends in reaction conditions were revealed. For example, it was found that the cyclometalated iridium catalyst modified by BINAP and m-nitro-p-cyano-benzoic acid delivered adduct 1 with the highest levels of enantiomeric enrichment (94%), whereas the corresponding SEGPHOS-modified catalyst gave a comparable yield but lower ee (91%). Most importantly, this study shows that supramolecular assemblies can report hundreds of ee values in a rapid and reliable fashion to analyze parallel synthesis routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Jo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - X Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - L You
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - E V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - M J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
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39
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Umemiya S, Hayashi Y. Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Succinaldehyde and Nitroalkene Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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