1
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Park S, Myeong IS, Ham WH. Recent advances in the total synthesis of polyhydroxylated alkaloids via chiral oxazines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:894-926. [PMID: 38230703 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes recently established methodologies developed for the enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of chiral 1,3-oxazines. These compounds are of interest as advanced synthetic intermediates in the total synthesis of structurally complex and biologically active polyhydroxylated alkaloids such as (+)-1-deoxynojirimycin, (-)-anisomycin, (+)-castanospermine, (+)-casuarine, (-)-conduramine F-1, (-)-sphingofungin B, Neu5Ac methyl ester, and other natural products. The devised synthetic approach aims to offer a direct, efficient, and adaptable method for obtaining both pure enantiomers and pure diastereomers. It revolves around utilizing chiral building blocks like syn,syn-, syn,syn,anti-, syn,anti-, syn,anti,syn-, anti,syn-, anti,syn,syn-, and anti,syn,anti-oxazines. By integrating oxazine chemistry with established and innovative transformations, this approach enabled the synthesis of 30 polyhydroxylated amines across various studies conducted between 2007 and 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwi Park
- YS Life Science Co., Ltd, 207, Sujeong-ro, Jangan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18581, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Myeong
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Hun Ham
- YS Life Science Co., Ltd, 207, Sujeong-ro, Jangan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18581, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
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2
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C-6 fluorinated casuarines as highly potent and selective amyloglucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Bouillon ME, Nash RJ, Pyne SG. Studies towards the synthesis of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine alkaloids isolated from Broussonetia kazinoki (moraceae). Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Li YX, Wang JZ, Shimadate Y, Kise M, Kato A, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Diastereoselective Synthesis, Glycosidase Inhibition, and Docking Study of C-7-Fluorinated Casuarine and Australine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7291-7307. [PMID: 35584209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
C-7-fluorinated derivatives of two important polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines, casuarine and australine, were synthesized with organocatalytic stereoselective α-fluorination of aldehydes as the key step. The strategy is extensively applicable to some synthetically challenging fluorinated iminosugars and carbohydrates. The docking studies indicated that the potent inhibitions of trehalase and amyloglucosidase by the fluorinated polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines are due to the interaction modes dominated by fluorine atoms in these iminosugars with the amino acids' residues of the corresponding enzymes. Steady interactions were established between the C-7 fluoride and a hydrophobic pocket in amyloglucosidase by untypical anion-π interactions. These unexpected docking modes and related structure-activity relationship studies emphasize the value of fluorination in the design of polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuna Shimadate
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Maki Kise
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U. K
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Total synthesis of α-1-C-propyl-3,6-di-epi-nojirimycin and polyhydroxyindolizidine alkaloids via regio- and diastereoselective amination of anomeric acetals. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Lokhande KB, Pawar SV, Madkaiker S, Nawani N, Venkateswara SK, Ghosh P. High throughput virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of phytomolecules against BfmR of Acinetobacter baumannii: anti-virulent drug development campaign. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2698-2712. [PMID: 35156902 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2038271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a notorious multidrug resistant bacterium responsible for several hospital acquired infections assisted by its capacity to develop biofilms. A. baumannii BfmR (RstA), a response regulator from the BfmR/S two-component signal transduction system, is the major controller of A. baumannii biofilm development and formation. As a result, BfmR represents a novel target for anti-biofilm treatment against A. baumannii. The discovery of the high-resolution crystal structure of BfmR provides a good chance for computational screening of its probable inhibitors. Therefore, in this study we aim to search new, less toxic, and natural BfmR inhibitors from 8450 phytomolecules available in the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry and Therapeutic (IMPPAT) database by analyzing molecular docking against BfmR (PDB ID: 6BR7). Out of these 8450 phytomolecules 6742 molecules were successfully docked with BfmR with the docking score range -6.305 kcal/mol to +5.120 kcal/mol. Structure based-molecular docking (SB-MD) and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, & toxicity) profile examination revealed that Norepinephrine, Australine, Calystegine B3, 7,7 A-Diepialexine, and Alpha-Methylnoradrenaline phytocompounds strongly binds to the active site residues of BfmR. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies for 100 ns and the binding free energy (MM/GBSA) analysis elucidated the binding mechanism of Calystegine B3, 7,7 A-Diepialexine, and Alpha-Methylnoradrenaline to BfmR. In summary, these phytocompounds seems to have the promising molecules against BfmR, and thus necessitates further verification by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. HighlightsBfmR plays a key role in biofilm development and exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in A. baumannii.Computational approach to search for promising BfmR inhibitors from IMPAAT database.The lead phytomolecules such as Calystegine B3, 7,7 A-Diepialexine, and Alpha-Methylnoradrenaline displayed significant binding with BfmR active site.The outcome of BfmR binding phytomolecules has broadened the scope of hit molecules validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Sarika Vishnu Pawar
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Smriti Madkaiker
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Neelu Nawani
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Swamy K Venkateswara
- Bioinformatics Research Group, MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT-ADT University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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7
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Li YX, Wang JZ, Kato A, Shimadate Y, Kise M, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Stereocomplementary synthesis of casuarine and its 6- epi-, 7- epi-, and 6,7-di epi-stereoisomers. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9410-9420. [PMID: 34668913 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four diastereomers belonging to the family of casuarines, including casuarine (1), 6-epi-casuarine (2), 7-epi-casuarine (13) and 6,7-diepi-casuarine (14), have been synthesized from D-arabinose-derived cyclic nitrone 7 and nitrone-derived aldehyde 4 by a stereocomplementary strategy. Glycosidase inhibition comparison showed that 6-epi-casuarine (2) exhibits enhanced inhibition of trehalase (IC50 = 9.7 μM) and 6,7-diepi-casuarine (14) leads to specific inhibition of trehalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yuna Shimadate
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Maki Kise
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - George W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Heravi MM, Abedian‐Dehaghani N, Zadsirjan V, Rangraz Y. Catalytic Function of Cu (I) and Cu (II) in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Abedian‐Dehaghani
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Yalda Rangraz
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
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9
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Ferjancic Z, Saicic RN. Combining Organocatalyzed Aldolization and Reductive Amination: An Efficient Reaction Sequence for the Synthesis of Iminosugars. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Ferjancic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Radomir N. Saicic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Kneza Mihaila 35 11 000 Belgrade Serbia
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10
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Abstract
The iminosugar core of natural glyphaeaside C, originally assigned as a derivative of the piperidine natural product 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), has been revised as a derivative of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-l-mannitol (l-DMDP) by the total synthesis of its enantiomer. This revised l-DMDP-derived configuration is the first of its kind to be observed in nature. The prepared iminosugars displayed the nanomolar inhibition of bovine liver β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Byatt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 2630, Japan
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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11
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Uhrig ML, Mora Flores EW, Postigo A. Approaches to the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl-Modified Carbohydrates and Derivatives: Thiosugars, Iminosugars, and Tetrahydro(thio)pyrans. Chemistry 2021; 27:7813-7825. [PMID: 33462910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroalkyl-substituted carbohydrates play relevant roles in diverse areas such as supramolecular chemistry, glycoconjugation, liquid crystals, and surfactants, with direct applications as wetting, antifreeze, and coating agents. In light of these promising applications, new methodologies for the late-stage incorporation of fluoroalkyl RF groups into carbohydrates and derivatives are herein presented as they are relevant to the synthetic carbohydrate community. Previously reviewed protocols for the installation of RF groups onto carbohydrates and derivatives will be succinctly summarized in the light of the new achievements. Fluoroalkyl-substituted iminosugars, on the other hand, are also interesting glycomimetic derivatives with prominent roles as glycosidases and glycosyltransferases inhibitors, as has recently been demonstrated. Also, they positively contribute to the study of sugar-protein interactions and enzyme mechanisms. New advances in the syntheses of fluoroalkyl-substituted iminosugars will also be presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Uhrig
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias ExactasyNaturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erwin W Mora Flores
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, CP1113-, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, CP1113-, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Biswas RG, Singh VK. Direct enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolizidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Jamshaid F, Kondakal VV, Newman CD, Dobson R, João H, Rice CR, Mwansa JM, Thapa B, Hemming K. Cyclopropenones in the synthesis of indolizidine, pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and indolizino[8,7-b]indole alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Design, properties and applications of fluorinated and fluoroalkylated N-containing monosaccharides and their analogues. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Yavari I, Sheikhi S, Taheri Z, Halvagar MR. A diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized spiropyrrolizidine-linked rhodanines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Zhou L, Yu SY, Tang Y, Wang L. Facile Stereoselective Approach to Diverse Spiroheterocyclic Tetrahydropyrans: Concise Synthesis of (+)-Broussonetine G and H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15016-15020. [PMID: 31390139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective copper-catalyzed multicomponent cyclization of exocyclic enol ethers/enamines with methylene malonate and aldehydes has been developed to furnish spiroheterocyclic tetrahydropyrans in high yields with greater than 95:5 d.r. This method is practical, in that 36 examples, including a range of aldehydes and exo-vinyl heterocycles, are presented. By applying the newly developed method, the total synthesis of (+)-broussonetine G and formal synthesis of (+)-broussonetine H were achieved in a concise way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Yang Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200241, China
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Zhou L, Yu S, Tang Y, Wang L. Facile Stereoselective Approach to Diverse Spiroheterocyclic Tetrahydropyrans: Concise Synthesis of (+)‐Broussonetine G and H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu‐Yang Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lijia Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 500 Dongchuan Rd. Shanghai 200241 China
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18
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Yu L, Somfai P. Enantioselective synthesis of anti-3-alkenyl-2-amido-3-hydroxy esters: application to the total synthesis of (+)-alexine. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2799-2802. [PMID: 35520501 PMCID: PMC9059938 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00173e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of anti-3-alkenyl-2-amido-3-hydroxy esters from the corresponding racemic α-amino-β-keto esters by using a ATH/DKR protocol has been developed. This method gives moderate to excellent yields with high chemo-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities for a broad range of substrates. In order to highlight the versatility of the methodology it was applied in an efficient asymmetric synthesis of the polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid (+)-alexine. A straightforward synthesis of anti-3-alkenyl-2-amido-3-hydroxy esters from the corresponding racemic α-amino-β-keto esters by using a ATH/DKR protocol has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund
- Sweden
| | - Peter Somfai
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- Lund
- Sweden
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19
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Myeong IS, Ham WH. Stereoselective Syntheses of (+)-Broussonetine D and (+)-Australine via a Functionalized Pyrrolidine from an Extended Chiral 1,3-Oxazine. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Myeong
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hun Ham
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
- Yonsung Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.; Sujeong-ro 207, Jangan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18581 Republic of Korea
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20
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Modesto-Costa L, Martinez ST, Pinto AC, Vessecchi R, Borges I. Elucidating the mass spectrum of the retronecine alkaloid using DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:934-941. [PMID: 29935494 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are natural molecules playing important roles in different biochemical processes in nature and in humans. In this work, the electron ionization mass spectrum of retronecine, an alkaloid molecule found in plants, was investigated computationally. Its mass spectrum can be characterized by three main fragment ions having the following m/z ratios: 111, 94, and 80. In order to rationalize the mass spectrum, minima and transition state geometries were computed using density functional theory. It was showed that the dissociation process includes an aromatization of the originally five-membered ring of retronecine converted into a six-membered ring compound. A fragmentation pathway mechanism involving dissociation activation barriers that are easily overcome by the initial ionization energy was found. From the computed quantum chemical geometric, atomic charges, and energetic parameters, the abundance of each ion in the mass spectrum of retronecine was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Martinez
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco A-7° andar, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angelo C Pinto
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco A-7° andar, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vessecchi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Elías-Rodríguez P, Pingitore V, Carmona AT, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Ide D, Miyawaki S, Kato A, Álvarez E, Robina I. Discovery of a Potent α-Galactosidase Inhibitor by in Situ Analysis of a Library of Pyrrolizidine–(Thio)urea Hybrid Molecules Generated via Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8863-8873. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Elías-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Valeria Pingitore
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana T. Carmona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Moreno-Vargas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Daisuke Ide
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shota Miyawaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
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22
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Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition potency of all- trans substituted 1- C -perfluoroalkyl iminosugars. Carbohydr Res 2018; 464:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Mao ZY, Liu YW, Han P, Dong HQ, Si CM, Wei BG, Lin GQ. Regio- and Stereoselective Cascades via Aldol Condensation and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition for Construction of Functional Pyrrolizidine Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:1090-1093. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ya Mao
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pan Han
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Han-Qing Dong
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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25
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α-Geminal disubstituted pyrrolidine iminosugars and their C-4-fluoro analogues: Synthesis, glycosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5148-5159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Cheng B, Hirokami Y, Li YX, Kato A, Jia YM, Yu CY. Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of C-7 modified casuarine derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Myeong IS, Lee YT, Lee SH, Jung C, Kim JS, Park SH, Kang J, Lee SJ, Ye IH, Ham WH. Stereoselective allylation reactions of acyclic and chiral α-amino-β-hydroxy aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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29
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Robertson J, Stevens K. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: occurrence, biology, and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:62-89. [PMID: 27782262 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 up to the end of 2015This review covers the isolation and structure of new pyrrolizidines; pyrrolizidine biosynthesis; biological activity, including the occurrence of pyrrolizidines as toxic components or contaminants in foods and beverages; and formal and total syntheses of naturally-occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids and closely related non-natural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Kiri Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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30
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Martinez ST, Belouezzane C, Pinto AC, Glasnov T. Synthetic Strategies towards the Azabicyclo[3.3.0]-Octane Core of Natural Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. An Overview. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2016.1165058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Wang HY, Kato A, Kinami K, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Concise synthesis of calystegines B2 and B3via intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4885-96. [PMID: 27161660 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00697c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key step in the concise syntheses of calystegine B2 and its C-2 epimer calystegine B3 was the construction of cycloheptanone 8via an intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction of 9, an aldehyde containing a Z-vinyl iodide. Vinyl iodide 9 was obtained by the Stork olefination of aldehyde 10, derived from carbohydrate starting materials. Calystegines B2 (3) and B3 (4) were synthesized from d-xylose and l-arabinose derivatives respectively in 11 steps in excellent overall yields (27% and 19%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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32
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Li YX, Iwaki R, Kato A, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Zhao X, Xiao M, Yu CY. Fluorinated Radicamine A and B: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Salunke RV, Ramesh NG. A Concise Total Synthesis of the Stereoisomers of (-)-Pochonicine. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Cordero FM, Vurchio C, Faggi C, Brandi A. Configuration-guided reactions: the case of highly decorated spiro[cyclopropane-1,2′(3′H)-pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoxazole] derivatives en route to polyhydroxyindolizidines. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of structurally differentiated indolizidinones is guided by a diverse behaviour of spirocyclopropaneisoxazolidine precursors under fluorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Cordero
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’
- University of Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - C. Vurchio
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’
- University of Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - C. Faggi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’
- University of Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - A. Brandi
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’
- University of Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
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35
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Li YX, Kinami K, Hirokami Y, Kato A, Su JK, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Gem-difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives of DMDP-related iminosugars: synthesis and glycosidase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2249-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gem-difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives of DMDP-related iminosugars have been synthesized from cyclic nitrones and assayed against various glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Kyoko Kinami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
- Japan
| | - Yuki Hirokami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
- Japan
| | - Jia-Kun Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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36
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Qian BC, Kamori A, Kinami K, Kato A, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Epimerization of C5 of an N-hydroxypyrrolidine in the synthesis of swainsonine related iminosugars. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4488-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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5-Fluoro derivatives of 4-epi-isofagomine as D-galactosidase inhibitors and potential pharmacological chaperones for GM1-gangliosidosis as well as Fabry's disease. Carbohydr Res 2015; 420:6-12. [PMID: 26717544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorination of an exocyclic methoxymethylene enol ether derived from N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-pent-2-ulose (11) provided the 5-fluoro derivative of the powerful β-galactosidase inhibitor 4-epi-isofagomine (8). This structural alteration, in combination with N-alkylation, led to considerably improved α-galactosidase selectivity. New compounds may serve as leads en route to new pharmacological chaperones for Fabry's disease.
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38
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D'Adamio G, Parmeggiani C, Goti A, Cardona F. Gold Supported on Silica Catalyzes the Aerobic Oxidation ofN,N-Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Li YX, Shimada Y, Adachi I, Kato A, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Xiao M, Yu CY. Fluorinated and Conformationally Fixed Derivatives of l-HomoDMDP: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5151-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yousuke Shimada
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Min Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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40
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Liu Z, Jenkinson SF, Vermaas T, Adachi I, Wormald MR, Hata Y, Kurashima Y, Kaji A, Yu CY, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. 3-Fluoroazetidinecarboxylic Acids and trans,trans-3,4-Difluoroproline as Peptide Scaffolds: Inhibition of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth by a Fluoroazetidine Iminosugar. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4244-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Liu
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tom Vermaas
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mark R. Wormald
- Glycobiology
Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Yukako Hata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kurashima
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Akira Kaji
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
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