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Walker KL, Loach RP, Movassaghi M. Total synthesis of complex 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:159-206. [PMID: 37716796 PMCID: PMC10955524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motif is present in many biologically relevant, complex natural products. The cyclodipeptide substructure offers structural rigidity and stability to proteolysis that makes these compounds promising candidates for medical applications. Due to their fascinating molecular architecture, synthetic organic chemists have focused significant effort on the total synthesis of these compounds. This review covers many such efforts on the total synthesis of DKP containing complex alkaloid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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2
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Xu W, Sun TY, Di Y, Hao X, Wu YD. Inverse Electron-Demanding Diels-Alder Reactions in the Chemical Synthesis of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids Containing a Bicycle[2.2.2]diazaoctane Moiety: A Theoretical Study. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300063. [PMID: 36806582 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is believed to be a key step in the biosynthesis of prenylated indole alkaloids containing a bicycle[2.2.2]diazaoctane moiety. Many chemical syntheses of bicyclic structures by Diels-Alder reactions have been reported, but the reaction mechanism remains underexplored. We have carried out DFT calculations on both acid- and base-promoted Diels-Alder reactions in these syntheses and reveal that the reactions occur through an inverse-electron demand mechanism. We hope that the new mechanism is helpful for the mechanistic understanding of the biosynthesis of this class of important natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China
| | - Yingtong Di
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and, Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and, Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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3
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Mansour A, Gagosz F. Expedited Total Synthesis of (±)-Brevianamide A via the Strategic Use of Gold(I) Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7200-7204. [PMID: 36170661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two concise and complementary routes to the polycyclic alkaloid (±)-brevianamide A from readily available amino acid building blocks are presented. Key to the synthesis is the strategic use of a gold(I)-catalyzed cascade process that quickly assembles the characteristic pseudoindoxyl motif of the natural product along with the two adjacent quaternary centers in a single step. This sequence, which exemplifies the structural complexity that can be achieved with gold catalysis, allowed for the shortest and highest-yield synthesis of (±)-brevianamide A to date (four steps LLS, 14% overall yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansour
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Panth N, Wenger ES, Krebs C, Bollinger JM, Grossman RB. Synthesis of 6,6- and 7,7-difluoro-1-acetamidopyrrolizidines and their oxidation catalyzed by the nonheme Fe oxygenase LolO. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200081. [PMID: 35482316 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
LolO, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent nonheme Fe oxygenase, catalyzes both the hydroxylation and cycloetherification of 1- exo -acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP), a pathway intermediate in the biosynthesis of the loline alkaloids. We have prepared fluorinated AcAP analogs to aid in continued mechanistic investigation of the unusual LolO-catalyzed cycloetherification step. LolO was able to first hydroxylate and then cycloetherify 6,6-difluoro-AcAP (prepared from N , O -protected 4-oxoproline), forming a difluorinated analog of N -acetylnorloline (NANL) and providing evidence for a cycloetherification mechanism involving a C(7) radical as opposed to a C(7) carbocation. By contrast, LolO was able to hydroxylate 7,7-difluoro-AcAP (prepared from 3-oxoproline) but failed to cycloetherify it, forming (1 R , 2 R , 8 S )-7,7-difluoro-2-hydroxy-AcAP as the sole product. Because it completely blocks the cycloetherification step, 7,7-difluoro-AcAP has the potential to become an important tool for accumulating and characterizing the LolO intermediate responsible for catalyzing cycloetherification of 2-hydroxy-AcAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Panth
- University of Kentucky, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Carsten Krebs
- The Pennsylvania State University, Chemistry; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UNITED STATES
| | - J Martin Bollinger
- The Pennsylvania State University, Chemistry; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UNITED STATES
| | - Robert B Grossman
- University of Kentucky, Chemistry, Chemistry-Physics Building, 40506-0055, Lexington, UNITED STATES
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5
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Abstract
Natural product synthesis remains one of the most vibrant and intellectually rewarding areas of chemistry, although the justifications for pursuing it have evolved over time. In the early years, the emphasis lay on structure elucidation and confirmation through synthesis, as exemplified by celebrated studies on cocaine, morphine, strychnine and chlorophyll. This was followed by a phase where the sheer demonstration that highly complex molecules could be recreated in the laboratory in a rational manner was enough to justify the economic expense and intellectual agonies of a synthesis. Since then, syntheses of natural products have served as platforms for the demonstration of elegant strategies, for inventing new methodology 'on the fly' or to demonstrate the usefulness and scope of methods established with simpler molecules. We now add another aspect that we find fascinating, viz. 'natural product anticipation'. In this Review, we survey cases where the synthesis of a compound in the laboratory has preceded its isolation from nature. The focus of our Review lies on examples where this anticipation of a natural product has triggered a successful search or where synthesis and isolation have occurred independently. Finally, we highlight cases where a potential natural product structure has been suggested as a result of synthetic endeavours but not yet confirmed by isolation, inviting further collaborations between synthetic and natural product chemists.
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6
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Godfrey RC, Jones HE, Green NJ, Lawrence AL. Unified total synthesis of the brevianamide alkaloids enabled by chemical investigations into their biosynthesis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1313-1322. [PMID: 35222915 PMCID: PMC8809396 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane alkaloids are a vast group of natural products which have been the focus of attention from the scientific community for several decades. This interest stems from their broad range of biological activities, their diverse biosynthetic origins, and their topologically complex structures, which combined make them enticing targets for chemical synthesis. In this article, full details of our synthetic studies into the chemical feasibility of a proposed network of biosynthetic pathways towards the brevianamide family of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane alkaloids are disclosed. Insights into issues of reactivity and selectivity in the biosynthesis of these structures have aided the development of a unified biomimetic synthetic strategy, which has resulted in the total synthesis of all known bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane brevianamides and the anticipation of an as-yet-undiscovered congener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Godfrey
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Helen E Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Nicholas J Green
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Andrew L Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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7
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Banerjee A, Panda G. Total synthesis of selected bioactive alkaloids, their structure–function relationships and molecular target interactions: A comparative synthetic analysis of tryptophan originated chiral pool approaches vs other synthons. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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8
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Yao Z, Liu X, Li Z, Xu S, Xu L, Liu X. Dienolate‐Mediated, Regioselective C2‐Polarity Reversal of Chromone‐Based Reactants and Their Application in Nucleophilic Strategies. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong‐Wei Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng‐Wen Xu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijin Xu
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong‐Li Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
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9
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Zeng HW, Wu PY, Wu HL. Progress in recent development of stereoselective synthesis of β 2-amino acid derivatives from β-nitroacrylate derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2991-3006. [PMID: 32239073 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of β-amino acids have drawn considerable attention owing to their ubiquitous presence in naturally occurring products of biological importance. While β3-amino acids can be readily prepared from α-amino acids via one-carbon homologation, the synthesis of β2-amino acids generally requires multistep efforts. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of β2-amino acids and their derivatives from substituted β-nitropropionate analogues obtained from the stereoselective transformation of β-nitroacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ping-Yu Wu
- Oleader Technologies Co., Ltd, 1F., No. 8, Aly. 29, Ln 335, Chenggong Rd., Hukou Township 30345, Hsinchu County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsyueh-Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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10
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Godfrey RC, Green NJ, Nichol GS, Lawrence AL. Total synthesis of brevianamide A. Nat Chem 2020; 12:615-619. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Xu S, Liu X, Zuo X, Zhou G, Gong Y, Liu X, Zhou Y. Oxindole‐chromones C3 Synthons Directed Stereocontrolled Construction of Five Contiguous Stereocenters on Spiro[tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]chromanone‐oxindole]s. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Wen Xu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic MedicineGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong‐Wei Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Zuo
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic MedicineGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic MedicineGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic MedicineGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong‐Li Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic MedicineGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
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12
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Klas KR, Kato H, Frisvad JC, Yu F, Newmister SA, Fraley AE, Sherman DH, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. Structural and stereochemical diversity in prenylated indole alkaloids containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system from marine and terrestrial fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:532-558. [PMID: 29632911 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2017 Various fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea produce prenylated indole alkaloids possessing a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. After the discovery of distinct enantiomers of the natural alkaloids stephacidin A and notoamide B, from A. protuberus MF297-2 and A. amoenus NRRL 35660, another fungi, A. taichungensis, was found to produce their diastereomers, 6-epi-stephacidin A and versicolamide B, as major metabolites. Distinct enantiomers of stephacidin A and 6-epi-stephacidin A may be derived from a common precursor, notoamide S, by enzymes that form a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core via a putative intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. This review provides our current understanding of the structural and stereochemical homologies and disparities of these alkaloids. Through the deployment of biomimetic syntheses, whole-genome sequencing, and biochemical studies, a unified biogenesis of both the dioxopiperazine and the monooxopiperazine families of prenylated indole alkaloids constituted of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Klas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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13
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Ramu G, Hari Krishna N, Pawar G, Visweswara Sastry KN, Nanubolu JB, Nagendra Babu B. Solvent-Controlled, Tunable Domino Reaction of 3-Ylideneoxindoles with in Situ-Generated α-Aryldiazomethanes: A Facile Access to 3-Spirocyclopropyl-2-oxindole and Pyrazoloquinazolinone Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12349-12360. [PMID: 31457971 PMCID: PMC6644904 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A mild and efficient solvent-controlled, metal-free switchable 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/ring contraction or ring expansion domino reaction of 3-ylideneoxindoles with in situ-generated α-aryldiazomethanes has been developed. This domino reaction provided a series of aryl-substituted 3-spirocyclopropyl-2-oxindoles and pyrazoloquinazolinones with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity from common substrates under varying solvent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopathi Ramu
- Department
of Fluoro-Agrochemicals and Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Namballa Hari Krishna
- Department
of Fluoro-Agrochemicals and Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Gaurav Pawar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - K. N. Visweswara Sastry
- Department
of Fluoro-Agrochemicals and Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Department
of Fluoro-Agrochemicals and Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bathini Nagendra Babu
- Department
of Fluoro-Agrochemicals and Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
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14
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Loya DR, Jean A, Cormier M, Fressigné C, Nejrotti S, Blanchet J, Maddaluno J, De Paolis M. Domino Ring Expansion: Regioselective Access to 9-Membered Lactones with a Fused Indole Unit from 2-Nitrophenyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones. Chemistry 2018; 24:2080-2084. [PMID: 29286174 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The domino anionic fragmentation of 2-nitrophenyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones containing an electrophilic appendage such as aldehyde and epoxide is disclosed. This reaction, initiated by a series of nucleophiles, involves the generation of an intermediate hydroxylate followed by the regioselective formation and fragmentation of an intermediate lactolate into enolate. This strategy, devoid of any protecting group, enlarges the initial ring and provides an original access to decorated 9-membered lactones with a fused indole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reyes Loya
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Stefano Nejrotti
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- LCMT, ENSICAEN et, Université de Caen, CNRS, 6 bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Michaël De Paolis
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
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15
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Yu Q, Guo P, Jian J, Chen Y, Xu J. Nine-step total synthesis of (−)-strychnofoline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1125-1128. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of an anti-cancer spirooxindole alkaloid, (−)-strychnofoline, has, for the first time, been accomplished in only nine steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- Guangdong Province
- China
| | - Pan Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- Guangdong Province
- China
| | - Jie Jian
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- Guangdong Province
- China
| | - Yuye Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- Guangdong Province
- China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- Guangdong Province
- China
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16
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Perkins JC, Wang X, Pike RD, Scheerer JR. Further Investigation of the Intermolecular Diels-Alder Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13656-13662. [PMID: 29172511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The convergent synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane structures using an intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition between a pyrazinone and commercially available fumarate or maleate precursors is reported. High reactivity and stereoselection is observed with both dienophile substrates. Structure validation was achieved by conversion of cycloadducts into known [2.2.2]diazabicyclic compounds or into crystalline derivatives suitable for X-ray analysis. The cycloadduct derived from reaction of pyrazinone and maleic anhydride underwent selective anhydride ring opening and intersected an established precursor in the synthesis of brevianamide B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Xiye Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Robert D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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17
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Wang L, Li S, Blümel M, Puttreddy R, Peuronen A, Rissanen K, Enders D. Switchable Access to Different Spirocyclopentane Oxindoles by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reactions of Isatin-Derived Enals and N-Sulfonyl Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100199 China
| | - Sun Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marcus Blümel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Anssi Peuronen
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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18
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Switchable Access to Different Spirocyclopentane Oxindoles by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reactions of Isatin-Derived Enals and N-Sulfonyl Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8516-8521. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Schendera E, Lerch S, von Drathen T, Unkel LN, Brasholz M. Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed 1,2-Rearrangements of 3-Hydroxyindolenines to Indoxyls and 2-Oxindoles: Reagent-Controlled Regioselectivity Enabled by Dual Activation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schendera
- University of Hamburg; Department of Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stephanie Lerch
- University of Hamburg; Department of Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Thorsten von Drathen
- University of Hamburg; Department of Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Lisa-Natascha Unkel
- University of Hamburg; Department of Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Malte Brasholz
- University of Hamburg; Department of Chemistry; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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20
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Rees M, Simpkins NS, Male L. An Asymmetric Organocatalysis Approach to the Prenylated Alkaloid Family. Org Lett 2017; 19:1338-1341. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rees
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Nigel S. Simpkins
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
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21
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Wu CJ, Li CW, Gao H, Huang XJ, Cui CB. Penicimutamides D–E: two new prenylated indole alkaloids from a mutant of the marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new prenylated indole alkaloids, penicimutamides D–E (1–2), were discovered via activating silent pathways in a marine-derived fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Cheng-Bin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
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22
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Lepitre T, Denhez C, Sanselme M, Othman M, Lawson AM, Daïch A. Original Mitsunobu-Triggered Sequence Involved in a One-Pot Domino Process toward Tetracyclic Systems Bearing a Bis-N,O-acetal Junction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8837-8849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lepitre
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Clement Denhez
- Université
de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire
de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Cedex Reims, France
- Multiscale
Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, F-51687 Cedex 2 Reims, France
| | - Morgane Sanselme
- Normandie Univ,
France; UNIROUEN, Laboratoire SMS EA3233, 1 rue Tesniere, France, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
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23
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Zhang B, Zheng W, Wang X, Sun D, Li C. Total Synthesis of Notoamides F, I, and R and Sclerotiamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10435-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Deqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; 89 Cuibai Road Ningbo 315016 P.R. China
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24
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Zhang B, Zheng W, Wang X, Sun D, Li C. Total Synthesis of Notoamides F, I, and R and Sclerotiamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Deqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; 89 Cuibai Road Ningbo 315016 P.R. China
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25
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Mailyan AK, Eickhoff JA, Minakova AS, Gu Z, Lu P, Zakarian A. Cutting-Edge and Time-Honored Strategies for Stereoselective Construction of C–N Bonds in Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4441-557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur K. Mailyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - John A. Eickhoff
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anastasiia S. Minakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Armen Zakarian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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26
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Robins JG, Kim KJ, Chinn AJ, Woo JS, Scheerer JR. Intermolecular Diels-Alder Cycloaddition for the Construction of Bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane Structures: Formal Synthesis of Brevianamide B and Premalbrancheamide. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2293-301. [PMID: 26916112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of an intermediate pyrazinone with both achiral and chiral acrylate-derived dienophiles provides rapid access to the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core shared among several prenylated indole alkaloids. The product derived from cycloaddition with 2-nitroacrylate required an additional five to six synthetic operations to intercept established precursors to premalbrancheamide and brevianamide B. The chemistry detailed in this manuscript constitutes a formal total synthesis (12 steps each) of these [2.2.2]diazabicyclic natural products from proline methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Robins
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Kyu J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Alex J Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - John S Woo
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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27
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Sun Y, Meng Z, Chen P, Zhang D, Baunach M, Hertweck C, Li A. A concise total synthesis of sespenine, a structurally unusual indole terpenoid from Streptomyces. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A ten-step (the longest linear sequence) total synthesis of sespenine was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Zhanchao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Pengxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Deliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Martin Baunach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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28
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Dong S, Indukuri K, Clive DLJ, Gao JM. Synthesis of models of the BC ring systems of MPC1001 and MPC1001F. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8271-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Piperazinedione and piperazinetrione systems representing the BC rings of several members of the MPC1001 family of fungal metabolites were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Dong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | | | | | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
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29
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Li CW, Wu CJ, Cui CB, Xu LL, Cao F, Zhu HJ. Penicimutamides A–C: rare carbamate-containing alkaloids from a mutant of the marine-derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new and rare carbamate-containing penicimutamides A–C (1–3) were discovered via activating silent pathways in a marine-derived fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Chang-Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Cheng-Bin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing 100850
- China
| | - Lan-Lan Xu
- Chinese Center for Chirality
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Fei Cao
- Chinese Center for Chirality
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Hua-Jie Zhu
- Chinese Center for Chirality
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
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30
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Trost BM, Bringley DA, Zhang T, Cramer N. Rapid access to spirocyclic oxindole alkaloids: application of the asymmetric palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] trimethylenemethane cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 135:16720-35. [PMID: 24083654 DOI: 10.1021/ja409013m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The marcfortines are complex secondary metabolites that show potent anthelmintic activity and are characterized by the presence of a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane fused to a spirooxindole. Herein, we report the synthesis of two members of this family. The synthesis of marcfortine B utilizes a carboxylative TMM cycloaddition to establish the spirocyclic core, followed by an intramolecular Michael addition and oxidative radical cyclization to access the strained bicyclic ring system. In addition, the first asymmetric synthesis of (−)-marcfortine C is described. The key step involves a cyano-substituted TMM cycloaddition, which proceeds in nearly quantitative yield with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The resulting chiral center was used to establish all remaining stereocenters in the natural product.
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31
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32
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Sun Y, Chen P, Zhang D, Baunach M, Hertweck C, Li A. Bioinspired total synthesis of sespenine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9012-6. [PMID: 24962149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of sespenine, a rare indole sesquiterpenoid from a mangrove endophyte, has been accomplished. A bioinspired aza-Prins/Friedel-Crafts/retro Friedel-Crafts cascade reaction assembles the bridged tetrahydroquinoline core. Further investigations on the aza-Prins cyclization imply that the C3 configuration of the hydroxyindolenine intermediate is crucial to the biosynthesis of sespenine and its congener xiamycin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
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33
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Simpkins NS, Pavlakos I, Weller MD, Male L. The cascade radical cyclisation approach to prenylated alkaloids: synthesis of stephacidin A and notoamide B. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4957-70. [PMID: 23797367 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of members of the prenylated indole alkaloid family is described, which involves a radical cascade process of an appropriately substituted diketopiperazine (DKP) core structure. Several approaches to the generation of the initial radical were explored, with the most successful involving treatment of a sulfenyl substituted DKP under classical reductive conditions by heating with Bu3SnH and a radical initiator. The required, fully substituted, radical precursor DKP structures were prepared using regio- and stereocontrolled enolate chemistry of simpler proline-tryptophan derived DKPs. The new approach allowed rapid access to a key polycyclic indoline structure, which was converted into either of the natural products stephacidin A or notoamide B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel S Simpkins
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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34
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Cai S, Luan Y, Kong X, Zhu T, Gu Q, Li D. Isolation and Photoinduced Conversion of 6-epi-Stephacidins from Aspergillus taichungensis. Org Lett 2013; 15:2168-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yepeng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xianglan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
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35
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Gataullin RR. Advances in the synthesis of cycloalka[b]indoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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McCormack MP, Waters SP. Synthesis of functionalized indolizidines through Pauson-Khand cycloaddition of 2-allylpyrrolidines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1176-83. [PMID: 23311620 DOI: 10.1021/jo302734w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A concise entry to functionalized indolizidine scaffolds through a domino 2-aza-Cope-[3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition and Pauson-Khand [2 + 2 + 1] cyclization has been accomplished. The process was conducted under mild conditions to afford diverse indolizidine systems as single diastereomers in good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P McCormack
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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37
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Margrey KA, Chinn AJ, Laws SW, Pike RD, Scheerer JR. Efficient Entry to the [2.2.2]-Diazabicyclic Ring System via Diastereoselective Domino Reaction Sequence. Org Lett 2012; 14:2458-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3007056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila A. Margrey
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Stephen W. Laws
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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38
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Finefield JM, Frisvad JC, Sherman DH, Williams RM. Fungal origins of the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system of prenylated indole alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:812-33. [PMID: 22502590 PMCID: PMC3485739 DOI: 10.1021/np200954v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over eight different families of natural products consisting of nearly 70 secondary metabolites that contain the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system have been isolated from various Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea species. Since 1968, these secondary metabolites have been the focus of numerous biogenetic, synthetic, taxonomic, and biological studies and, as such, have made a lasting impact across multiple scientific disciplines. This review covers the isolation, biosynthesis, and biological activity of these unique secondary metabolites containing the bridging bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. Furthermore, the diverse fungal origin of these natural products is closely examined and, in many cases, updated to reflect the currently accepted fungal taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Finefield
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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39
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Cheng B, Huang G, Xu L, Xia Y. Mechanism of the N-protecting group dependent annulations of 3-aryloxy alkynyl indoles under gold catalysis: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4417-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Song ZL, Fan CA, Tu YQ. Semipinacol Rearrangement in Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7523-56. [PMID: 21851053 DOI: 10.1021/cr200055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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41
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Finefield JM, Kato H, Greshock TJ, Sherman DH, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. Biosynthetic studies of the notoamides: isotopic synthesis of stephacidin A and incorporation into notoamide B and sclerotiamide. Org Lett 2011; 13:3802-5. [PMID: 21714564 DOI: 10.1021/ol201284y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The advanced natural product stephacidin A is proposed as a biosynthetic precursor to notoamide B in various Aspergillus species. Doubly (13)C-labeled racemic stephacidin A was synthesized and fed to cultures of the terrestrial-derived fungus, Aspergillus versicolor NRRL 35600, and the marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. MF297-2. Analysis of the metabolites revealed enantiospecific incorporation of intact (-)-stephacidin A into (+)-notoamide B in Aspergillus versicolor and (+)-stephacidin A into (-)-notoamide B in Aspergillus sp. MF297-2. (13)C-Labeled sclerotiamide was also isolated from both fungal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Finefield
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Williams RM. Natural products synthesis: enabling tools to penetrate Nature's secrets of biogenesis and biomechanism. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4221-59. [PMID: 21438619 PMCID: PMC3174107 DOI: 10.1021/jo2003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Selected examples from our laboratory of how synthetic technology platforms developed for the total synthesis of several disparate families of natural products was harnessed to penetrate biomechanistic and/or biosynthetic queries is discussed. Unexpected discoveries of biomechanistic reactivity and/or penetrating the biogenesis of naturally occurring substances were made possible through access to substances available only through chemical synthesis. Hypothesis-driven total synthesis programs are emerging as very useful conceptual templates for penetrating and exploiting the inherent reactivity of biologically active natural substances. In many instances, new enabling synthetic technologies were required to be developed. The examples demonstrate the often untapped richness of complex molecule synthesis to provide powerful tools to understand, manipulate and exploit Nature's vast and creative palette of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.
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Asymmetric total syntheses of (+)- and (-)-versicolamide B and biosynthetic implications. Nat Chem 2011; 1:63-8. [PMID: 20300443 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is one of the most well-studied, synthetically useful organic transformations. While a significant number of naturally occurring substances are postulated to arise by biosynthetic Diels-Alder reactions, rigorous confirmation of a mechanistically distinct natural Diels-Alderase enzyme remains elusive. Within this context, several related fungi within the Aspergillus genus produce a number of metabolites of opposite absolute configuration including (+)- or (-)-versicolamide B. These alkaloids are hypothesized to arise via biosynthetic Diels-Alder reactions implying that each Aspergillus species possesses enantiomerically distinct Diels-Alderases. Herein, experimental validation of these biosynthetic proposals via deployment of the IMDA reaction as a key step in the asymmetric total syntheses of (+)- and (-)-versicolamide B is described. Laboratory validation of the proposed biosynthetic Diels-Alder construction, coupled with the secondary metabolite profile of the producing fungi, reveals that each Aspergillus species has evolved enantiomerically distinct indole oxidases, as well as enantiomerically distinct Diels-Alderases.
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Sunderhaus JD, Sherman DH, Williams RM. Studies on the Biosynthesis of the Stephacidin and Notoamide Natural Products: A Stereochemical and Genetic Conundrum. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:442-452. [PMID: 21818159 PMCID: PMC3148524 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The stephacidin and notoamide natural products belong to a group of prenylated indole alkaloids containing a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core. Biosynthetically, this bicyclic core is believed to be the product of an intermolecular Diels- Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition of an achiral azadiene. Since all of the natural products in this family have been isolated in enantiomerically pure form to date, it is believed that an elusive Diels-Alderase enzyme mediates the IMDA reaction. Adding further intrigue to this biosynthetic puzzle is the fact that several related Aspergillus fungi produce a number of metabolites with the opposite absolute configuration, implying that these fungi have evolved enantiomerically distinct Diels-Alderases. We have undertaken a program to identify every step in the biogenesis of the stephacidins and notoamides, and by combining the techniques of chemical synthesis and biochemical analysis we have been able to identify the two prenyltransferases involved in the early stages of the stephacidin and notoamide biosyntheses. This has allowed us to propose a modified biosynthesis for stephacidin A, and has brought us closer to our goal of finding evidence for, or against, the presence of a Diels-Alderase in this biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sunderhaus
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, phone: +1 970-491-6747, fax: +1 970-491-3944
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Hovey MT, Eklund EJ, Pike RD, Mainkar AA, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of (±)-Acetylnorloline via Stereoselective Tethered Aminohydroxylation. Org Lett 2011; 13:1246-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200155p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Todd Hovey
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Emily J. Eklund
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Anshul A. Mainkar
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
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Abstract
Important biologically active indole alkaloids are decorated with prenyl (3,3-dimethylallyl) and tert-prenyl (1,1-dimethylallyl) groups. Covering the literature until the end of 2010, this review article comprehensively summarises and discusses the currently available technologies of prenylation and tert-prenylation of indoles, which have been applied in natural products total syntheses or could be applied there in the near future. We focus on those procedures which introduce the C(5) units in one step, organised according to the indole position to be functionalised. Key strategies include electrophilic and nucleophilic prenylation and tert-prenylation, prenyl and tert-prenyl rearrangements, transition metal-mediated reactions and enzymatic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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McAfoos TJ, Li S, Tsukamoto S, Sherman DH, Williams RM. STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE STEPHACIDINS AND NOTOAMIDES. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF NOTOAMIDE S. HETEROCYCLES 2010; 82:461-472. [PMID: 21796227 PMCID: PMC3143024 DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Notoamide S has been suggested to be the final common precursor between two different Aspergillus sp. fungal strains before diverging to form enantiomerically opposite natural products (+)- and (-)-stephacidin A and (+)- and (-)-notoamide B. The synthesis of notoamide S comes from the coupling of N-Fmoc proline with a 6-hydroxy-7-prenyl-2-reverse prenyl tryptophan derivative that was synthesized via a late stage Claisen rearrangement from a 6-propargyl-2-reverse prenylated indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J McAfoos
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Frebault FC, Simpkins NS. A cationic cyclisation route to prenylated indole alkaloids: synthesis of malbrancheamide B and brevianamide B, and progress towards stephacidin A. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037 La Jolla, California
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037 La Jolla, California
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Nising CF. Recent synthetic approaches towards the antiproliferative natural products avrainvillamide and stephacidin B. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:591-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b900407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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